Investigating the Structural Properties of Corn Stover Biomass

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozan C. Ozdemir ◽  
Stephen P. Gent ◽  
Taylor N. Suess ◽  
Fereidoon Delfanian
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Biomass Feedstock ◽  
Bulk Fluid ◽  
Transportation Equipment ◽  
Bulk Solid ◽  
Batch Systems ◽  
Pneumatic Conveyance

The purpose of this study is to analyze structural material properties of biomass materials, namely corn stover. The microstructure of the biomass is examined by using a nano-hardness testing machine (NANOVEA®). The goal of this analysis is to test the hardness and elasticity of individual fibers using nanoindentation and to develop testing techniques to perform this task. The results of the stated tests are statistically analyzed. The measured structural properties of the biomass have the potential to be used in computer simulations for structural analysis and bulk solid flows. The bulk fluid motion of the pulverized/chopped biomass can be simulated in storage and transportation equipment, including auguring screws and pneumatic conveyance systems, as well as devices for feeding biomass feedstocks in biorefineries. Traditional biochemical and thermochemical reactors operate as batch systems because of the difficulty of feeding the biomass feedstock in a continuous manner. Having a clearer background about the structural and rheological properties of biomass feedstock will help simulate and design the bulk-solid flows within storage bins and conveyance systems.

Investigating the Structural Properties of Corn Stover at Macro and Fiber Levels

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozan Ç. Özdemir ◽  
Taylor N. Suess ◽  
Todd M. Letcher ◽  
Stephen P. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Biomass Feedstock ◽  
Bulk Fluid ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Transportation Equipment ◽  
Bulk Solid ◽  
Batch Systems ◽  
Pneumatic Conveyance

The purpose of this study is to analyze structural properties of biomass materials, namely corn stover. The structural properties of the biomass corn stover are examined at macro and fiber levels by performing a series of tests including three-point bending and tensile strength. Results of the stated tests are statistically analyzed. The goal of this analysis is to test the strength under loading from various directions to gather a full understanding of the structural properties of corn stalk fibers. Tests are performed using universal testing machines (UTMs). The results of these studies will be used to compile a database of the structural properties of biomass. These properties have the potential to be used in finite element computer simulations for structural analysis and bulk solid flows. The bulk fluid motion of the pulverized/chopped biomass can be simulated in storage and transportation equipment, including auguring screws and pneumatic conveyance systems, as well as devices for feeding biomass feedstocks in biorefineries. Traditional biochemical and thermochemical reactors operate as batch systems because of the difficulty of feeding the biomass feedstock in a continuous manner. Having a clearer background about the structural and rheological properties of biomass feedstock will help simulate and design the bulk-solid flows within storage bins and conveyance systems.

Investigating the Rheological Properties of Chopped Corn Stover Biomass in Bulk

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozan Ç. Özdemir ◽  
Taylor N. Suess ◽  
Todd M. Letcher ◽  
Stephen P. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Biomass Feedstock ◽  
Bulk Fluid ◽  
Bulk Solid ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Pneumatic Conveyance

Flow parameters of chopped biomass, namely corn stover, are analyzed applying material testing techniques. The bulk fluid motion of the chopped biomass corn stover is examined using a custom made direct shear cell and a universal testing machine. The goal of this analysis is to test the bulk solid shear stress, internal friction, internal angle of friction and cohesion. The results of the stated tests are statistically analyzed and compared with literature. The measured properties of the biomass have the potential to be used in computer simulations for bulk solid flow analysis. The bulk fluid motion of the pulverized/chopped biomass can be simulated in storage and transportation equipment, including auguring screws and pneumatic conveyance systems, as well as devices for feeding biomass into thermochemical and biochemical reactors. Traditional biochemical and thermochemical reactors operate as batch systems because of the difficulty of feeding the biomass feedstock in a continuous manner. Having a clearer background about the structural and rheological properties of biomass feedstock will help simulate bulk-solid flows computationally and design efficient storage and continuous feeding systems.

High Resolution DCE-MRI Vascular Characterization of Murine Sarcoma and Human Renal Cell Carcinoma for Computational Modeling

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Pishko ◽  
Garrett W. Astary ◽  
Thomas H. Mareci ◽  
Malisa Sarntinoranont
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Bulk Fluid ◽  
Human Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Dce Mri ◽  
Heterogeneous Tissue ◽  
Murine Sarcoma

Non-uniform extravasation from blood vessels, elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), and transport by bulk fluid motion in the extracellular space have all been determined to contribute to the non-uniform tissue distribution of systemically delivered agents in solid tumors. The aforementioned factors can lead to inadequate and uneven uptake in tumor tissue which has been shown to be a major obstacle to macromolecules in clinical cancer therapy [1]. Recently developed computational tumor models have described blood flow either in a single vessel or capillary network with variations in space and time [2]. These studies do not account for heterogeneous tissue transport properties in regions of leakier vessels [3].

Natural Convection Heat Transfer From a Plate in a Semicircular Enclosure

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Moore ◽  
K. G. T. Hollands
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Natural Convection ◽  
Rayleigh Number ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Bulk Fluid ◽  
Number Range ◽  
Balance Technique ◽  
Conductive Component

In the subject geometry, a long thin plate at uniform temperature is contained coaxially and symmetrically in a long semicircular trough closed at the top and having a uniform but different temperature. Heat flows across the air-filled region between the two by both natural convection and gaseous conduction. The problem of characterizing the free convective component of this heat transfer—that is, the component caused by bulk fluid motion—is treated experimentally by using a heat balance technique, with the measurements being repeated at different pressures, in order to cover a wide Rayleigh number range, from Ra ≈ 10 to Ra ≈ 108. Nusselt number versus Rayleigh number plots are presented for each of several combinations of plate-to-trough spacing and tilt angle, and the plots are correlated by equations. The problem of characterizing the conductive component is treated by numerically solving the steady diffusion equation in the air-filled region, and the results are correlated as a function of the spacing and the plate thickness.

Application of the 3ω Hot Wire Technique for Measurement of Fluid Thermophysical Properties

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon W. Olson ◽  
Ali Fahham
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Hot Wire ◽  
Resistance Thermometer ◽  
Bulk Fluid ◽  
Radiation Losses ◽  
Fluid Properties

The popular 3ω method of measuring thermophysical properties of solids is adapted for the simultaneous measurement of thermal conductivity and heat capacity in both liquids and gases. This technique is experimentally simple and has a lower susceptibility to random experimental noise, bulk fluid motion, radiation losses, and non-linear effects than other transient hot wire measurement methods. The compactness of the 3ω hotwire allows it to be used with different fluids in a variety of circumstances with very little specialized experimental equipment. Both the experimental setup and theoretical model are detailed. Experimental 3ω measurements were made in a variety of common fluids (air, water, and mineral oil) using commercially drawn 10μm platinum and 5μm tungsten hot wires which serve as both heating element and resistance thermometer. Measurements taken over a range of frequencies are numerically reduced to provide both thermal conductivity and heat capacity information. Experimental measurements and the corresponding analytical model are presented in terms of impedance or thermal resistance; a more physically meaningful and intuitive basis of comparison. Fluid properties are determined by curve-fitting an analytical model to experimental data using a least-squares approach. This technique allows both thermal conductivity and heat capacity (or thermal diffusivity) to be uniquely determined from a single measurement sequence.

scholarly journals Starfish-inspired Ultrasound Ciliary Bands for Microrobotic Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornel Dillinger ◽  
Nitesh Nama ◽  
Daniel Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Nonlinear Acoustics ◽  
Physical Principle ◽  
Particle Manipulation ◽  
Short Hair ◽  
Bulk Fluid ◽  
Feeding Mechanism ◽  
Natural Systems

Abstract Cilia are short, hair-like appendages ubiquitous in various biological systems, which have evolved to manipulate and gather food in liquids at regimes where viscosity dominates inertia. Inspired by these natural systems, synthetic cilia have been developed and cleverly utilized in microfluidics and microrobotics to achieve functionalities such as propulsion, liquid pumping and mixing, and particle manipulation. In this article, we present the first demonstration of ultrasound-activated synthetic ciliary bands that mimic the natural arrangements of ciliary bands on the surface of starfish larva. Our system leverages nonlinear acoustics at microscales to drive bulk fluid motion via acoustically actuated small-amplitude oscillations of synthetic cilia. By arranging the planar ciliary bands angled towards (+) or away (–) from each other, we achieve bulk fluid motion akin to a flow source or sink. We further combine these flow characteristics with a novel physical principle to circumvent the scallop theorem and realize acoustic-based propulsion at microscales. Finally, inspired by the feeding mechanism of a starfish larva, we demonstrate an analogous microparticle trap by arranging + and – ciliary bands adjacent to each other.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-activated ciliary bands for microrobotic systems inspired by starfish

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornel Dillinger ◽  
Nitesh Nama ◽  
Daniel Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Nonlinear Acoustics ◽  
Physical Principle ◽  
Particle Manipulation ◽  
Short Hair ◽  
Bulk Fluid ◽  
Feeding Mechanism ◽  
Natural Systems

AbstractCilia are short, hair-like appendages ubiquitous in various biological systems, which have evolved to manipulate and gather food in liquids at regimes where viscosity dominates inertia. Inspired by these natural systems, synthetic cilia have been developed and utilized in microfluidics and microrobotics to achieve functionalities such as propulsion, liquid pumping and mixing, and particle manipulation. Here, we demonstrate ultrasound-activated synthetic ciliary bands that mimic the natural arrangements of ciliary bands on the surface of starfish larva. Our system leverages nonlinear acoustics at microscales to drive bulk fluid motion via acoustically actuated small-amplitude oscillations of synthetic cilia. By arranging the planar ciliary bands angled towards (+) or away (−) from each other, we achieve bulk fluid motion akin to a flow source or sink. We further combine these flow characteristics with a physical principle to circumvent the scallop theorem and realize acoustic-based propulsion at microscales. Finally, inspired by the feeding mechanism of a starfish larva, we demonstrate an analogous microparticle trap by arranging + and − ciliary bands adjacent to each other.

A Three-Dimensional, Quick-Running Analysis Method for Large Amplitude Liquid Slosh and Bulk Fluid Motion in Flight Vehicles

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan F. Andrews ◽  
Shane B. Coogan ◽  
Ellen Smith ◽  
Oliver Ouyang ◽  
Stephen Reiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Bulk Fluid ◽  
Flight Vehicles ◽  
Liquid Slosh

HARVEST AND STORAGE OF WET AND DRY CORN STOVER AS A BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Shinners ◽  
Ben N. Binversie ◽  
Philippe Savoie
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Biomass Feedstock ◽  
And Storage
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