Manufacturing System Development for Fabrication of Bone Scaffold

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lu ◽  
Robert S. Dembzynski ◽  
Mark J. Mondrinos ◽  
David Wootton ◽  
Peter I. Lelkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Bone Scaffold ◽  
Bone Scaffolds

Musculoskeletal conditions are a major health concern in United States because of a large aging population and increased occurrence of sport-related injuries. The need for bone substitutes is especially important. Traditional treatments of bone-defect have many of limitations. Bone tissue engineering may offer a less painful alternative to traditional bone grafts with lower risk of infection. This research integrates biomimetic modeling, solid freeform fabrication (SFF), systems and control, and tissue engineering in one intelligent system for structured, highly porous biomaterials, which will be applied to bone scaffolds. Currently a new SFF-based fabrication system has been developed, which uses a pressurized extrusion to print highly biocompatible and water soluble sucrose bone scaffold porogens. To date, this system can build simple bone structures. In parallel we are utilizing a commercial rapid prototyping (RP) machine to fabricate thermoplastic porogens of various designs to determine the feasibility of injecting a highly viscous scaffold material into porogens. Materials which have been successfully used to make scaffolds by injection include calcium phosphate cement (CPC), molten poly-caprolactone (PCL), 90/10 and 80/20 (v/v %) composite of PCL and calcium phosphate (CaPO4,). Results presented for the injection method include characterization of attainable feature resolution of the RP machine, as well as preliminary cell-biomaterial interaction data demonstrating biocompatibility of CPC scaffolds. The preliminary results using a commercial rapid prototyping machine have demonstrated that the indirect porogen technique can improve 2–4 folds the resolution of SFF system in fabricating bone scaffolds. The resultant scaffolds demonstrate that the defined porous structures will be suitable for tissue engineering applications.

Bone Scaffold Fabrication System Study

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lu ◽  
David Wootton ◽  
Peter I. Lelkes ◽  
Jack Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Bone Scaffold ◽  
Systems And Control ◽  
Porous Biomaterials ◽  
And Control

Musculoskeletal conditions are a major health concern in United States because of a large aging population and increased occurrence of sport-related injuries. The need for bone substitutes is especially important. Traditional treatments of bone-defect have many limitations. Bone tissue engineering may offer a less painful alternative to traditional bone grafts with lower risk of infection. This research integrates biomimetic modeling, solid freedom fabrication (SFF), systems and control, and tissue engineering in one intelligent system for structured, highly porous biomaterials, which will be applied to bone scaffolds. Recently a new SFF-based fabrication system has been developed, which uses a pressurized extrusion to print highly biocompatible and water soluble sucrose bone scaffold porogens. The fabrication process for PCL scaffold implemented and tested using the newly developed porogen system. The resultant scaffold demonstrates the defined porous structure designed into the sucrose porogens. The viscosity of sucrose mixture has been tested and analyzed. The flow rate measurements of sucrose machine have been carried out. The input factor, which induced uncertainty in the flow rate of the microprinting system has been analyzed. The result showed that the reservoir pressure was dominant to determine the flow rate. This is very important for improving the quality control of our fabrication system.

scholarly journals Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics for Orthopaedic Reconstructions: Clinical Outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Garrido ◽  
Sonja E. Lobo ◽  
Flávio M. Turíbio ◽  
Racquel Z. LeGeros
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Excellent Result ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Bone Reconstruction

BCP are considered the most promising biomaterials for bone reconstruction. This study aims at analyzing the outcomes of patients who received BCP as bone substitutes in orthopaedic surgeries. Sixty-six patients were categorized according to the etiology and morphology of the bone defects and received scores after clinical and radiographic evaluations. The final results corresponded to the combination of both parameters and varied from 5 (excellent result) to 2 or lower (poor result). Most of the patients who presented cavitary defects or bone losses due to prosthesis placement or revision, osteotomies, or arthrodesis showed good results, and some of them excellent results. However, patients with segmental defects equal or larger than 3 cm in length were classified as moderate results. This study established clinical parameters where the BCP alone can successfully support the osteogenic process and where the association with other tissue engineering strategies may be considered.

scholarly journals 3D printing of mineral–polymer bone substitutes based on sodium alginate and calcium phosphate

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1794-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey A Egorov ◽  
Alexander Yu Fedotov ◽  
Anton V Mironov ◽  
Vladimir S Komlev ◽  
Vladimir K Popov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Liquid Component ◽  
Inorganic Particles

We demonstrate a relatively simple route for three-dimensional (3D) printing of complex-shaped biocompatible structures based on sodium alginate and calcium phosphate (CP) for bone tissue engineering. The fabrication of 3D composite structures was performed through the synthesis of inorganic particles within a biopolymer macromolecular network during 3D printing process. The formation of a new CP phase was studied through X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Both the phase composition and the diameter of the CP particles depend on the concentration of a liquid component (i.e., the “ink”). The 3D printed structures were fabricated and found to have large interconnected porous systems (mean diameter ≈800 μm) and were found to possess compressive strengths from 0.45 to 1.0 MPa. This new approach can be effectively applied for fabrication of biocompatible scaffolds for bone tissue engineering constructions.

Estimation of Biomechanical Stimulus in Bone Scaffolds in Vivo: Multi-Scale Finite Element Model

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Roshan-Ghias ◽  
Alexandre Terrier ◽  
Dominique P. Pioletti
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Bone Scaffold ◽  
Synthetic Bone ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Bone Scaffolds ◽  
Complex Process

Bone formation inside a scaffold is a complex process involving different phenomena, one of which being the mechanical stimulation (1,2). Our goal in bone tissue engineering is, through mechanical considerations, confer osteoinductivity to a synthetic bone scaffold.

scholarly journals A Critical Review on the Design, Manufacturing and Assessment of the Bone Scaffold for Large Bone Defects

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Huo ◽  
Yongtao Lu ◽  
Lingfei Meng ◽  
Jiongyi Wu ◽  
Tingxiang Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Bone Scaffold ◽  
Bone Scaffolds ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Large Bone ◽  
Large Bone Defects

In recent years, bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising solution for large bone defects. Additionally, the emergence and development of the smart metamaterial, the advanced optimization algorithm, the advanced manufacturing technique, etc. have largely changed the way how the bone scaffold is designed, manufactured and assessed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to give an up-to-date review on the design, manufacturing and assessment of the bone scaffold for large bone defects. The following parts are thoroughly reviewed: 1) the design of the microstructure of the bone scaffold, 2) the application of the metamaterial in the design of bone scaffold, 3) the optimization of the microstructure of the bone scaffold, 4) the advanced manufacturing of the bone scaffold, 5) the techniques for assessing the performance of bone scaffolds.

Fabrication of Bioceramic Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Using Additive Manufacturing Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 706-708 ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
Fwu Hsing Liu ◽  
Wen Hsueng Lin ◽  
Ruey Tsung Lee ◽  
Hsiu Ping Wang ◽  
Hsiu Ling Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Bone Scaffold ◽  
Bone Scaffolds ◽  
Mtt Method

In this paper, the hydroxyapatite (HA) based bioceramic materials were used in a rapid prototyping (RP) system to fabrication bioceramic bone scaffold for tissue engineering (TE) using an additive manufacturing (AM) technology. When the bioceramic slurry is sintered via the processing parameters of an 85 mm/s laser scanning speed, 24.5 W of laser power, 10 kHz of scanning frequency, and 2500 Cp of slurry viscosity, a porous bone scaffold can be fabricated under a lower laser power energy. Results indicate that the bending strength of the scaffold was 14.2 MPa, which could be improved by heat-treatment at 1200 °C for 2 hour. MTT method and SEM observations confirmed that the fabricated bone scaffolds possess suitable biocompatibility and mechanical properties, allowing smooth adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast-like cells. Therefore, the fabricated bone scaffolds have great potential for development in tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Review of Bone Substitutes

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landon S. Pryor ◽  
Earl Gage ◽  
Claude-Jean Langevin ◽  
Fernando Herrera ◽  
Andrew D. Breithaupt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Craniofacial Reconstruction ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Ceramics ◽  
Craniomaxillofacial Trauma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Active Research ◽  
The Ideal

Bone substitutes are being increasingly used in craniofacial surgery and craniomaxillofacial trauma. We will review the history of the biomaterials and describe the ideal characteristics of bone substitutes, with a specific emphasis on craniofacial reconstruction. Some of the most commonly used bone substitutes are discussed in more depth, such as calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite ceramics and cements, bioactive glass, and polymer products. Areas of active research and future directions include tissue engineering, with an increasing emphasis on bioactivity of the implant.

Fabrication of Tailored Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds: Comparison between a Direct and an Indirect Rapid Prototyping Technique

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 915-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Deisinger ◽  
Sabine Hamisch ◽  
Matthias Schumacher ◽  
Franzika Uhl ◽  
Rainer Detsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Fabrication Technology ◽  
Engineering Applications

In the last few years new fabrication methods, called rapid prototyping (RP) techniques, have been developed for the fabrication of hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone substitutes or tissue engineering applications. With this generative fabrication technology an individual tailoring of the scaffold characteristics can be realised. In this work two RP techniques, a direct (dispense-plotting) and an indirect one (negative mould technique), are described by means of fabricating hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds for bone substitutes or bone tissue engineering. The produced scaffolds were characterised, mainly regarding their pore and strut characteristics. By these data the performance of the two fabrication techniques was compared. Dispense-plotting turned out to be the faster technique while the negative mould method was better suited for the fabrication of exact pore and strut geometries.

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