Effect of Operating Variables With Heat Treatment and Their Interactions on Wear Behavior of High Carbon Steels in Dry Sliding

Tribology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimen M. Younis ◽  
Ahmed A. Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Operating Variables

The present study deals with the wear data analysis of high carbon steels to investigate the relationship between the operating variables and the heat treatment. The steel selected was 1095 in the AISI standard which is equivalent to C105W1 in the German standard. The wear studies were carried out by using pin on disc apparatus at room temperature in dry sliding. The wear data were carried out based on an experimental design (24 factorial design ) following by analysis of variance method (ANOVA) to examine the main effect of sliding velocity, normal load, sliding distance, heat treatment, and their interactions on wear behavior. The results show that severe deformation of annealed and quenched 1095 steels on the contact surface was responsible for high wear loss at high normal loads and low sliding velocities. At high normal load and low sliding velocity, severe wear by oxidative-metallic was main mechanism and at low normal load for the same sliding velocity, mild wear by oxidative was main mechanism. The ANOVA results show that the operating variables have more significant effect on wear loss than that of heat treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of Nanobainite Content on the Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of an Al-Alloyed High Carbon Steel with Nanobainitic Microstructure

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohuan Song ◽  
Songhao Zhao ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Junjie Sun ◽  
Yingjun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Peak Hardness ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
High Carbon

In this work, a multiphase microstructure consisting of nanobainte, martensite, undissolved spherical carbide, and retained blocky austenite has been prepared in an Al-alloyed high carbon steel. The effect of the amount of nanobainite on the dry sliding wear behavior of the steel is studied using a pin-on-disc tester with loads ranging from 25–75 N. The results show that, there is no significant differences in specific wear rate (SWR) for samples with various amounts of nanobainite when the normal load is 25 N. While, the SWR firstly decreases and then increases with increasing the amount of nanobainite, and the optimum wear resistance is obtained for samples with 60 vol.% nanobainite, when the applied load increases to 50 and 75 N. The improved wear resistance is attributed to the peak hardness increment resulted from the transformation of retained austenite to martensite, work hardening, along with amorphization and nanocrystallization of the worn surface. In addition, the highest toughness of the samples with 60 vol.% nanobainite is also proven to play a positive role in resisting sliding wear. EDS (energy dispersion spectrum) and XRD (X-ray diffraction) examinations reveal that the predominant failure mechanism is oxidative wear.

INVESTIGATION OF WEAR BEHAVIOR OF AS FORGED INCONEL 690 SUPER ALLOY USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishak NL ◽  
Prashanth T ◽  
Suhas Suhas
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Orthogonal Array ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Taguchi Design Of Experiments ◽  
Inconel 690

The present study aims to study the wear properties of as forged Inconel 690. The dry sliding wear behavior of as forged Inconel 690 is studied in accordance with ASTM standards G99 i.e. dry sliding on pin on disc wear test apparatus. Three wear parameters namely normal load, sliding distance and sliding velocity were considered in this study. The experiments for wear loss have been conducted as per Taguchi Design of experiments. An L27 Orthogonal array was employed for this purpose. The wear loss obtained for As Forged Inconel 690 is predicted by the Neural Network Toolbox of MATLAB R2015a using the Levenberg-Marquardt (trainlm) algorithm which trains the feed forward neural network having 3-6-1 (three input neurons, six hidden neurons in the single hidden layer and one output neuron). Experimental data sets from obtained from L27 Orthogonal array have been utilized to develop ANN. The results concluded that error for wear loss of As Forged Inconel 690 lies within 10% between experimental data and neural network prediction

Multi-response optimization of tribological characteristics of aluminum MMCs using PCA

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-287
Author(s):  
Rajesh Siriyala ◽  
A. Gopala Krishna ◽  
P. Rama Murthy Raju ◽  
M. Duraiselvam
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wear Process ◽  
Response Optimization ◽  
Sliding Distance

Purpose – Since, wear is the one of the most commonly encountered industrial problems leading to frequent replacement of components there is a need to develop metal matrix composites (MMCs) for achieving better wear properties. The purpose of this paper is to fabricate aluminum MMCs to improve the dry sliding wear characteristics. An effective multi-response optimization approach called the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the sets of optimal parameters in dry sliding wear process. Design/methodology/approach – The present work investigates the dry sliding wear behavior of graphite reinforced aluminum composites produced by the molten metal mixing method by means of a pin-on-disc type wear set up. Dry sliding wear tests were carried on graphite reinforced MMCs and its matrix alloy sliding against a steel counter face. Different contact stress, reinforcement percentage, sliding distance and sliding velocity were selected as the control variables and the response selected was wear volume loss (WVL) and coefficient of friction (COF) to evaluate the dry sliding performance. An L25 orthogonal array was employed for the experimental design. Optimization of dry sliding performance of the graphite reinforced MMCs was performed using PCA. Findings – Based on the PCA, the optimum level parameters for overall principal component (PC) of WVL and COF have been identified. Moreover, analysis of variance was performed to know the impact of individual factors on overall PC of WVL and COF. The results indicated that the reinforcement percentage was found to be most effective factor among the other control parameters on dry sliding wear followed by sliding distance, sliding velocity and contact stress. Finally the wear surface morphology of the composites has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Practical implications – Various manufacturing techniques are available for processing of MMCs. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. In particular, some techniques are significantly expensive compared to others. Generally the manufacturer prefers the low cost technique. Therefore stir casting technique which was used in this paper for manufacturing of Aluminum MMCs is the best alternative for processing of MMCs in the present commercial sectors. Since the most important criteria of a dry sliding wear behavior is to provide lower WVL and COF, this study has intended to prove the application of PCA technique for solving multi objective optimization problem in wear applications like piston rings, piston rods, cylinder heads and brake rotors, etc. Originality/value – Application of multi-response optimization technique for evaluation of tribological characteristics for Aluminum MMCs made up of graphite particulates is a first-of-its-kind approach in literature. Hence PCA method can be successfully used for multi-response optimization of dry sliding wear process.

Tribo-metallographic behavior of high carbon steels in dry sliding

Wear ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Wang ◽  
Tingquan Lei ◽  
Jiajun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
High Carbon

Effect of Repeated Quenching Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Low Carbon PM Steel

2007 ◽  
Vol 534-536 ◽  
pp. 673-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Güral ◽  
Süleyman Tekeli ◽  
Dursun Özyürek ◽  
Metin Gürü
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ar Gas ◽  
Pin On Disk

The effect of repeated quenching heat treatment on microstructure and dry sliding wear behavior of low carbon PM steel was investigated. For this purpose, atomized iron powder was mixed with 0.3 % graphite and 1 % Ni powders. The mixed powders were cold pressed and sintered at 1200°C for 30 min under pure Ar gas atmosphere. Some of the sintered specimens were intercritically annealed at 760°C and quenched in water (single quenching). The other sintered specimens were first fully austenized at 890°C and water quenched. These specimens were then intercritically annealed at 760°C and re-quenched in water. The martensite volume fraction in the double quenched specimens was higher than that of the single quenched specimen. Wear tests were carried out on the single and double quenched specimens under dry sliding wear condition using a pin-on-disk type machine at constant load and speed. The experimental results showed that the wear coefficient effectively decreased in the double quenched specimen.

scholarly journals Modeling and Analysis for Wear Performance in Dry Sliding of Epoxy/Glass/PTW Composites Using Full Factorial Techniques

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sudheer ◽  
Ravikantha Prabhu ◽  
K. Raju ◽  
Thirumaleshwara Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Full Factorial

The dry sliding friction and wear behavior of epoxy hybrid composites reinforced with glass fibers and a varying amount of potassium titanate whiskers (PTWs) fabricated by vacuum hand layup method were studied. The influence of normal load, sliding velocity, and whisker content on both friction coefficient and specific wear rate was investigated on a pin-on-disc machine. The tests were conducted at ambient conditions based on the 3 × 3 (3 factors at 3 levels) full factorial design. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to obtain the contribution of control parameters on friction coefficient and wear rate. The density and hardness of the composites were found to be enhanced with the PTW loading. The friction coefficient and wear resistance of the hybrid composites were found to be improved with the whisker content and were also greatly influenced by normal load and sliding velocity. A correlation between dry sliding wear behaviors of composites with wear parameters was obtained by multiple regressions. The worn out surface of selected samples was observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) to identify wear mechanisms. This study revealed that the addition of the ceramic microfillers such as PTW improves the wear performance of the epoxy/glass polymer composites significantly.

scholarly journals Studying The Effect of Reinforcing by Sicp on The Dry Sliding Wear Behavior and Mechanical Properties of AL- 4% CU Matrix Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-153
Author(s):  
Israa .A.K
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Cu Alloy

This research is devoted to study the effect of addition of different weight percent from SiCp ( 2, 4, 6, 8 ) to Al– 4 Cu alloy which have been fabricated by liquid metallurgy method on the dry sliding wear behavior and mechanical properties. Wear characteristics of Al–SiC composites have been investigated under dry sliding conditions and compared with base alloy. Dry sliding wear tests have been carried out using pin-on-disk wear test under normal applied loads 5, 10, 15 and 20 N and at different sliding velocity of (2.7, 3.7, 4.7) m/sec. It was also observed that the wear rate varies linearly with increases normal applied load but lower in composites as compared to the base material. The wear mechanism appears to be oxidative for both Al – Cu alloy and composites under the given conditions of load and sliding velocity as indicated by optical microscopic of the worn surfaces. Further, it was found from the experimentation that the wear rate decreases linearly with increasing weight percent of silicon carbide. The best results have been obtained at 8 % wt SiC . We also observed that the yield strength, tensile strength increases with increasing wt% of SiC , but the ductility decreases.

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