Hierarchical Modular Structures and Their Mechanical Characteristics

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kishimoto ◽  
M. C. Natori
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Hierarchical Assembly ◽  
Mathematical Algorithm ◽  
Hexagonal Shape ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
Modular Structures

Future structure systems need adapatability to various changes from the viewpoint of total cost for their missions. In order to introduce such adaptability into artificial structure systems, their future concepts with autonomous life cycles are discussed, which are typical features of things in nature. To realize such concepts hierarchical modular structures are proposed and studied. They consist of a number of basic modules, which are assembled with hierarchical assembly rules. A mathematical algorithm extended from the one for fractal formations is introduced, which keeps their basic property of geometrical symmetry. Some examples of hierarchical modular structures composed of basic modules with hexagonal shape are illustrated. Their mechanical characteristics such as characteristic frequencies and distributions of internal forces under some boundary conditions are also calculated. It is shown that the hierarchical modular structures are able to provide systematically various structures based on required mechanical properties and control strategies, which means they can easily construct various structure systems fitted to wide environments and their changes.

Modeling Pedestrian and Motorist Interaction at Semi-Controlled Crosswalks: The Effects of a Change from One-Way to Two-Way Street Operation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (11) ◽  
pp. 433-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon D. Fricker ◽  
Yunchang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Pavement Markings ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Ordered Logistic Regression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The One ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing ◽  
And Control

A large number of crosswalks are indicated by pavement markings and signs, but are not signal-controlled. In this paper, such a location is called “semi-controlled.” At locations where such a crosswalk has moderate amounts of pedestrian and vehicle traffic, pedestrians and motorists often engage in a non-verbal “negotiation” to determine who should proceed first. This paper describes the detailed analysis of video recordings of more than 3,400 pedestrian–motorist interactions at semi-controlled crosswalks. The study also took advantage of a conversion from one-way operation in spring 2017 to two-way operation in spring 2018 on the street chosen for data collection and analysis. This permitted before and after studies at the same location. The pedestrian models used mixed effects logistic regression and binary logistic regression to identify factors that influence the likelihood of a pedestrian crossing under specified conditions. The complementary motorist models used generalized ordered logistic regression to identify factors that impact a driver’s likelihood of decelerating, which was found to be a more useful factor than likelihood of yielding to pedestrian. The data showed that 56.5% of drivers slowed down or stopped for pedestrians on the one-way street. This value rose to 63.9% on the same street after it had been converted to two-way operation. Moreover, two-way operation eliminated the effects of the presence of other vehicles on driver behavior. Relationships were found that can lead to policies and control strategies designed to improve the operation of such a crosswalk.

Afterword IV Case studies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Roche ◽  
Hélène Broutin ◽  
Frédéric Simard
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Transmission Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

Through malaria elimination in Italy at the end of 19th century (when the epidemiological situation could be seen as similar to the one present in low-income countries today) and control strategies against Buruli ulcer and schistosomiasis in Africa, we have shown examples demonstrating that the translation of evolutionary ecology knowledge to infectious diseases control in low-income countries can be successful. These successes have reached different stages, from increasing our understanding of the whole infectious system dynamics toward implementation of innovative control strategies in the short term (Buruli ulcer), to improving transmission control by reducing abundance of host population (schistosomiasis in Senegal), as well as ensuring complete disease elimination locally, through a combination of massive reduction of vector populations at key periods and human-population protection and education (malaria in Italy)....

An Insight into Nanomedicinal Approaches to Combat Viral Zoonoses

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 915-962
Author(s):  
Prasad Minakshi ◽  
Mayukh Ghosh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Basanti Brar ◽  
Upendra P. Lambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

Background: Emerging viral zoonotic diseases are one of the major obstacles to secure the “One Health” concept under the current scenario. Current prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches often associated with certain limitations and thus proved to be insufficient for customizing rapid and efficient combating strategy against the highly transmissible pathogenic infectious agents leading to the disastrous socio-economic outcome. Moreover, most of the viral zoonoses originate from the wildlife and poor knowledge about the global virome database renders it difficult to predict future outbreaks. Thus, alternative management strategy in terms of improved prophylactic vaccines and their delivery systems; rapid and efficient diagnostics and effective targeted therapeutics are the need of the hour. Methods: Structured literature search has been performed with specific keywords in bibliographic databases for the accumulation of information regarding current nanomedicine interventions along with standard books for basic virology inputs. Results: Multi-arrayed applications of nanomedicine have proved to be an effective alternative in all the aspects regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and control of zoonotic viral diseases. The current review is focused to outline the applications of nanomaterials as anti-viral vaccines or vaccine/drug delivery systems, diagnostics and directly acting therapeutic agents in combating the important zoonotic viral diseases in the recent scenario along with their potential benefits, challenges and prospects to design successful control strategies. Conclusions: This review provides significant introspection towards the multi-arrayed applications of nanomedicine to combat several important zoonotic viral diseases.

scholarly journals Dynamic causal modeling of the COVID-19 pandemic in northern Italy predicts possible scenarios for the second wave

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Gandolfi ◽  
Giuseppe Pagnoni ◽  
Tommaso Filippini ◽  
Alessia Goffi ◽  
Marco Vinceti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Causal Modeling ◽  
Dynamic Causal Modeling ◽  
Model Inversion ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
Second Wave

The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked an intense debate about the factors underlying the dynamics of the outbreak. Mitigating virus spread could benefit from reliable predictive models that inform effective social and healthcare strategies. Crucially, the predictive validity of these models depends upon incorporating behavioral and social responses to infection that underwrite ongoing social and healthcare strategies. Formally, the problem at hand is not unlike the one faced in neuroscience when modelling brain dynamics in terms of the activity of a neural network: the recent COVID19 pandemic develops in epicenters (e.g. cities or regions) and diffuses through transmission channels (e.g., population fluxes). Indeed, the analytic framework known as "Dynamic Causal Modeling" (DCM) has recently been applied to the COVID-19 pandemic, shedding new light on the mechanisms and latent factors driving its evolution. The DCM approach rests on a time-series generative model that provides - through Bayesian model inversion and inference - estimates of the factors underlying the progression of the pandemic. We have applied DCM to data from northern Italian regions, which were the first areas in Europe to contend with the COVID-19 outbreak. We used official data on the number of daily confirmed cases, recovered cases, deaths and performed tests. The model - parameterized using data from the first months of the pandemic phase - was able to accurately predict its subsequent evolution (including social mobility, as assessed through GPS monitoring, and seroprevalence, as assessed through serologic testing) and revealed the potential factors underlying regional heterogeneity. Importantly, the model predicts that a second wave could arise due to a loss of effective immunity after about 7 months. This second wave was predicted to be substantially worse if outbreaks are not promptly isolated and contained. In short, dynamic causal modelling appears to be a reliable tool to shape and predict the spread of the COVID-19, and to identify the containment and control strategies that could efficiently counteract its second wave, until effective vaccines become available.

scholarly journals Impact of key assumptions about the population biology of soil-transmitted helminths on the sustainable control of morbidity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Vegvari ◽  
Federica Giardina ◽  
Veronica Malizia ◽  
Sake J de Vlas ◽  
Luc E Coffeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The design and evaluation of control programmes for soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) is based on surveillance data recording measurements of egg counts in the stool of infected individuals which underpin estimates of the prevalence and average intensity of infection. There is considerable uncertainty around these measurements and their interpretation. The uncertainty is composed of several sources of measurement error and the limit of detection of faecal smear tests on the one hand, and key assumptions on STH biology on the other hand, including assumptions on the aggregation of worms within hosts and on the impact of density-dependent influences on worm reproduction. Using two independently developed models of STH transmission we show how different aspects of STH biology and human behaviour impact on STH surveillance and control programmes and how accounting for uncertainty can help to develop optimal and sustainable control strategies to meet the WHO morbidity target for STHs.

scholarly journals The Possible Risk of Reverse Zoonosis in COVID-19: An Epidemiological Driving Approach for the One Health Future Challenges: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vijayaraghavan ◽  
Viswanathan Naveenkumar ◽  
B. S. Pradeep Nag ◽  
K. Porteen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
One Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Human Interface ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Animal Infection ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

The emerging coronaviral infection named as COVID-19 was officially declared as pandemic on 11, March 2020 by WHO. It has so far been reported from 215 countries or territories affecting about twenty seven million people infected globally. The novel attributes on COVID-19 with sporadic reports on animal, alarms the future chances of animal mediated COVID-19 transmission. Despite lockdown in two-third of the global population, health officials are worried about the risky nature of animal infection in the current pandemic situation. The reverse zoonotic index cases in the current epidemic reported sporadically in animals through infected humans. Reported evidence suggests that bat as the major reservoir involved in COVID-19. However, still, the role of intermediate host involvement in the human COVID-19 transmission from the bat is not yet understood. It is clear that humans play a potent source of infection to transmit the disease to other humans and animals. A literature survey was conducted to a) understand the level of animal’s involvement in COVID19 pandemic and b) to measure the amount of risk of reverse zoonoses in pet animals, exposed animals etc. The epidemiological investigation suggested the need for strong surveillance on the human-animal interface area with strict advisory measures to combat this dangerous disease transmission to humans and other animals. Hence understanding animal’s role in the current pandemic is of prime importance in devising preparedness and control strategies through unique one health approach. In implementing suitable research protocol at animal-human interface along with environment by devising appropriate control strategies will reduce the future reverse zoonosis risk in the current pandemic through a holistic one health drive.

Design and Control of a 13-DOF Biped Robot Using Human Gait

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Naghibi ◽  
Alireza Akbarzadeh Tootoonchi
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Golden Ratio ◽  
Biped Robot ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Proper Number ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

This paper presents a new biped humanoid robot, as well as control strategies to be implemented for walking and balance recovery. The ultimate design goal was to design the structure to be as close to a lower part of human body as possible. Therefore, golden-ratio-based human body proportions and proper number of degrees of freedom of the lower part are used [1]. The biped has 12 actuated DOE in the lower body: three at each hip, one at each knee, two at each ankle as well as 1 additional DOF at its torso. Each degree of freedom is powered by a force controllable actuator. To achieve human like trajectory, human walking data has been used [2]. To insure both stability and human like trajectory, a torque compensator is added to the one DOF at the torso. The Biped is designed in SolidWorks and simulated in SimMechanic and COSMOSMotion. The movement of the joints are achieved by motors and harmonic drives. The contact between sole and ground is considered to be elastic and is modelled using spring and damper in horizontal and vertical directions [3]. Finally, control of the biped is performed using a PID control scheme and each of the 13 motors achieve desired human like trajectory.

Effective infection prevention and control strategies in a large accredited psychiatric facility in Singapore

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Poremski ◽  
Sandra Henrietta Subner ◽  
Grace Lam Fong Kin ◽  
Raveen Dev Ram Dev ◽  
Mok Yee Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
And Control

The Institute of Mental Health in Singapore continues to attempt to prevent the introduction of COVID-19, despite community transmission. Essential services are maintained and quarantine measures are currently unnecessary. To help similar organizations, strategies are listed along three themes: sustaining essential services, preventing infection, and managing human and consumable resources.

State of Fashion: Searching for the New Luxury

APRIA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
José Teunissen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Century Model ◽  
Cocktail Party ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

In the last few years, it has often been said that the current fashion system is outdated, still operating by a twentieth-century model that celebrates the individualism of the 'star designer'. In I- D, Sarah Mower recently stated that for the last twenty years, fashion has been at a cocktail party and has completely lost any connection with the public and daily life. On the one hand, designers and big brands experience the enormous pressure to produce new collections at an ever higher pace, leaving less room for reflection, contemplation, and innovation. On the other hand, there is the continuous race to produce at even lower costs and implement more rapid life cycles, resulting in disastrous consequences for society and the environment.

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