The Internet Engineering Design Agent System: iEDA

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark J. Radcliffe ◽  
Jon Sticklen ◽  
Gary J. Gosciak
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Distributed Modeling ◽  
Compositional Modeling ◽  
Communications Network ◽  
Current Implementation ◽  
Communication And Coordination ◽  
And Function

Approaches to engineering design and manufacturing such as integrated design and manufacture and just in time fabrication depend on interaction with and among component supply companies which most often use very diverse technologies. The Internet Engineering Design Agents (iEDA) approach is a distributed, component-based, agent methodology that is realized following a strong black box approach to modeling. An individual Design Agent (DA) is a virtual product capable of encapsulating both descriptive and model based information about the product it represents. Hierarchically recursive agents for sub-systems and/or components are linked via a communications network to form larger integrated model systems. A crucial part of the iEDA architecture is a global ontology of questions; these questions in the ontology are standardized engineering domain queries that form a sufficient set of queries to allow compositional modeling methods; the global query ontology is itself realized as a networked agent. Most importantly, Design Agents interact without divulging the proprietary descriptive information or models contained within component or device represented. The iEDA architecture thus enables both proprietary security and compositional modeling of component parts/systems. The structure and function of the iEDA architecture and its current implementation is discussed. A two dimensional bridge system model is used as an example to illustrate the distributed nature of assemblies and components registered as DA’s on a communications network. iEDA forms a distributed modeling environment that enables communication and coordination required for effective and efficient global collaborative distributed design.

Modular Distributed Models of Engineering Structures

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark J. Radcliffe ◽  
Jon Sticklen
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Structural Stiffness ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Distributed Modeling ◽  
Communications Network ◽  
Component Models

Approaches to engineering design and manufacturing such as integrated design and manufacture and just in time fabrication depend on interaction with and among component supply companies that most often use very diverse technologies. The Internet Engineering Design Agents (i-EDA) software system uses a distributed, component-based, agent methodology that is realized following a strong black box approach to modeling. An individual Design Agent (DA) is a virtual product capable of encapsulating both descriptive and model based information about the product it represents. Hierarchically recursive agents for sub-systems and/or components are linked via a communications network to form larger integrated model systems. A two dimensional bridge system structural model is used as an example to illustrate the distributed assembly of structural models from components registered as DA’s on a communications network. Modular Distributed Modeling (MDM) of engineering structures performs static deflection analysis using traditional, fixed causality, structural stiffness models. This paper presents the methodology required to assemble traditional structural stiffness models provided by internet agents representing structural components. The methodology discussed assembles these component models into the structural stiffness model of an assembly distributed by an agents represent that physical assembly of components. Using this modular distributed modeling method; models of complex assemblies can be built and distributed while hiding the topology and characteristics of their structural subassemblies. The automated, modular, assembly of structural stiffness models will be derived for discrete physical connections. Discrete connections are important to the assembly of components such as truss and shaft structures where the relationship between component displacements involve discrete, matching, degrees of freedom on components to be assembled. Specific examples of discrete assembly of truss bridge component models will be presented.

Modular Distributed Models of Structural Dynamics

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew Reichenbach ◽  
Clark J. Radcliffe ◽  
Jon Sticklen
Keyword(s):  
Structural Dynamics ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Distributed Modeling ◽  
Communications Network ◽  
Component Models ◽  
Distributed Assembly

Approaches to engineering design and manufacturing such as integrated design and manufacture and just in time fabrication depend on interaction with and among component supply companies that most often use very diverse technologies. Modular Distributed Modeling (MDM) is a distributed, component-based, agent methodology that is realized following a strong black box approach to modeling. An individual Design Agent (DA) is a virtual product capable of encapsulating both descriptive and model based information about the product it represents. Hierarchically recursive agents for sub-systems and/or components are linked via a communications network to form larger integrated model systems. A two dimensional bridge system structural model is used as an example to illustrate the distributed assembly of structural models from components registered as DA’s on a communications network. Modular Distributed Modeling of system dynamics performs dynamic analysis. This paper presents the methodology required to assemble dynamic structural deflection models provided by internet agents representing structural components. The methodology discussed assembles these component models into the structural dynamic model of an assembly. Using MDM method, models of complex assemblies can be built and distributed while hiding the topology and characteristics of their structural subassemblies. The automated, modular, assembly of structural dynamics models will be derived for discrete, multi-degree-of-freedom structural connections. Discrete connections are important to the assembly of components such as truss and shaft structures where the relationship between component displacements involve discrete, matching, degrees of freedom on components to be assembled. Specific examples of discrete assembly of truss bridge component models will be presented. Specific examples for distributed assembly of component models will be presented. Internet connection permitting, real-time, automated assembly of models and deflection analysis will be performed.

Introducing a Use Perspective in Product Design Theory and Methodology

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders V. Warell
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Functional Language ◽  
Product Systems ◽  
Function Classes ◽  
Life Phase ◽  
Active User ◽  
Design Theory And Methodology ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
And Function

Abstract In this paper it is argued that methods are needed for the design of a larger variety of product aspects than is feasible with mechanical engineering design methodology of today. Design methods found within the European schools of design are inadequate for the design of products other than machine systems of transforming character. The reason for this is that the underlying theories only describe the nature of ‘operand-transforming’ technical systems, and that the description of the process and function systems are too narrowly defined to be useful for the design of ‘non-transforming’ products, or for products where the human is involved as an active user. The paper takes as the standpoint that the functional language, in accordance with established foundation in engineering design theory, is a successful means to treat usability aspects of human-product systems. An extended process modeling view based on product life-phase thinking including a ‘use-process’ is presented, focusing the attention towards the use, and not merely the workings, of the product. Also, extended definitions of a number of concepts are proposed, and function-classes of the human-product system, leading to a more generally applicable use of functions as a modeling tool when describing products, is introduced. The proposed functional language is illustrated in a product case example.

scholarly journals Ecological Immunology of mosquito-malaria interactions: Of non-natural versus natural model systems and their inferences

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (14) ◽  
pp. 1935-1942 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. TRIPET
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Ecological Immunology ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
And Function

SUMMARYThere has been a recent shift in the literature on mosquito/Plasmodium interactions with an increasingly large number of theoretical and experimental studies focusing on their population biology and evolutionary processes. Ecological immunology of mosquito-malaria interactions – the study of the mechanisms and function of mosquito immune responses to Plasmodium in their ecological and evolutionary context – is particularly important for our understanding of malaria transmission and how to control it. Indeed, describing the processes that create and maintain variation in mosquito immune responses and parasite virulence in natural populations may be as important to this endeavor as describing the immune responses themselves. For historical reasons, Ecological Immunology still largely relies on studies based on non-natural model systems. There are many reasons why current research should favour studies conducted closer to the field and more realistic experimental systems whenever possible. As a result, a number of researchers have raised concerns over the use of artificial host-parasite associations to generate inferences about population-level processes. Here I discuss and review several lines of evidence that, I believe, best illustrate and summarize the limitations of inferences generated using non-natural model systems.

Design for Manufacturability

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Azam ◽  
William P. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Concept Development ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Process Selection ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Product Design Process ◽  
Industrial Designers

Abstract Research has been carried out at Coventry University Centre for Integrated Design on the concept design process and it is funded by the Coventry University Research Fund. An experiment, simulating product design in industry, was conducted by concept designers which were, in turn, acted by student industrial designers and student engineering designers. In general the product design process is a sequential process. The first part of the process is the conceptual phase. This is followed by the engineering design phases which include all the manufacturing information. In this case the downstream engineering design focuses on designs for manufacture and process selection. Information on the requirements of conceptual designers in these areas was collected from these experiments. The information is ultimately to be incorporated into rules in a knowledge base which can be readily accessed by the industrial designer during concept development via a CAD system.

Distant Teaching and Learning of BTIPS: Application in Pandemic Situation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew M. Bzymek
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
New Situation

Abstract The world’s technology is developing very rapidly. To anticipate the course and results of such development is a task that is very crucial for the success of many technological undertakings and expansions. Engineering design is the branch of engineering that should predict the results of that rapid development. It should equip society with the tools for directing and controlling that development. It is a complex task that faces big challenges. The main challenge comes from society advancement and from the technology development itself. If the directing and controlling are done right the development would bring many benefits to humanity and would make human life easier and more comfortable. Doing it right however requires increased knowledge of the new features of technology and more skills in its application. In the difficult pandemic situation that knowledge and skills should be even greater because the outbreak of the disease creates additional traps and dangers. These conditions have to be taken under consideration and accepted as normal. The role of engineering design is to predict what harmful elements would be coming from both technological and social sources. The real goal however would be to exceed the expectations and not only neutralize them but change them from harmful into neutral, and then from neutral into friendly and helpful. Such actions follows recommendations of BTIPS (Brief Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) and is outlined in the BTIPS’s module “Prediction”. At the same time the developing civilization brings dangers for humans that were unknown before. These are bacterial and viruses’ attacks that limit personal relations between humans, requires new ways and new elements of communications, especially in internet contacts and in distant learning procedures. The contents of these components should be accurately predicted, well-orchestrated, well designed and precisely described. Recommendations for introducing BTIPS as a tool of engineering education in new situation should be carefully proposed and illustration examples, using new communication tools, should be developed. These should be applied in engineering theoretical courses and in practical applications during the senior design course of study and in industrial practice. This should be precise, clearly anticipating difficulties, pointing possible errors and ways of avoiding them. Teaching examples of problem solving and personal ways of communications between individual students, between groups of students, as well as between students and instructors should be further discussed. The examples of design ideas and problem solutions generated by students in design courses that were described in previous works of the author and his co-workers [1] should be related to pandemic situation. To define and formulate rules of teaching BTIPS in the pandemic situation is the necessity of our times. On every step of our lives we face the challenge of preventing harms and destruction that can be done by the contemporary surrounding world. The preventing actions can be designed by following rules of BTIPS and by apply approach recommended in its modules. The proposal of utilizing BTIPS application examples using the internet as a tool of expression is described in this paper. All of these are pointed out and some recommendations and examples are called. Adding description of corrections to the engineering curriculum is necessary in the new situation. It is an intention of the author to demonstrate a fragment of practical distant lecturing by internet during the IMECE 2020 internet sessions using the internet network and distant support from UConn computer Laboratory in Storrs, CT. Some example solutions of the idea generation are quoted in this paper. The comments coming from author’s teaching experience will be given during the presentation and practical advices for students and instructors will be passed to the audience. This paper is a companion to IMECE 2017-70438 [1]. Some original examples given in the paper 79418 are recommended for following and will be run by internet in pandemic situation of IMECE 2020.

“On the Internet, Nobody Knows You're a Dog”

2016 ◽  
pp. 349-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. Shortland
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Psychological Process ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Online Activity ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Online Risk ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Online Behaviour ◽  
And Function

Online behaviour can provide a unique window from which we can glean intent. From an intelligence standpoint it provides an important source of open-source information. However, making inference of intent from online activity is inherently difficult. Yet elsewhere progress is being made in incorporating information online into decisions regarding risk and offender prioritisation. This chapter synthesises lessons learnt from studies of risk assessment of violent extremists, risk assessment online, and the form and function of extremist materials online in order to begin to approach the issue of online risk assessment of violent extremism. In doing so it highlights issues associated with the diversity of online extremist behaviour, the diversity of offline extremist behaviour and the general lack of understanding related to the interaction of online and offline experiences, and how this contributes to the wider psychological process of ‘radicalisation'. Implications for practitioners are discussed.

scholarly journals Functional Analysis in Embodiment Design - An Investigation of Embodiment Function Relations in Testing Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1503-1512
Author(s):  
Patric Grauberger ◽  
Katharina Voß ◽  
Sven Matthiesen
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Student Development ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Embodiment Design ◽  
Development Literature ◽  
And Function ◽  
Data Acquisition And Processing

AbstractTesting contributes to success of engineering design as it plays an important role in gaining insights about the system in development. Literature indicates that for success in engineering design, gaining insights about relations of embodiment and function is crucial. In this contribution, an investigation of how insights about embodiment function relations are gained in testing, is conducted. For this, the testing documentation in a student development project is analysed. The results show a correlation of gaining insights about embodiment function relations to success in engineering design. Potential for improvement in data acquisition and processing is uncovered, which will be used in a succeeding study to investigate this issue in more detail.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiome and Xenobiotics: Identifying Knowledge Gaps

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki L Sutherland ◽  
Charlene A McQueen ◽  
Donna Mendrick ◽  
Donna Gulezian ◽  
Carl Cerniglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Breakout Group ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
And Function

Abstract There is an increasing awareness that the gut microbiome plays a critical role in human health and disease, but mechanistic insights are often lacking. In June 2018, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) held a workshop, “The Gut Microbiome: Markers of Human Health, Drug Efficacy and Xenobiotic Toxicity” (https://hesiglobal.org/event/the-gut-microbiome-workshop) to identify data gaps in determining how gut microbiome alterations may affect human health. Speakers and stakeholders from academia, government, and industry addressed multiple topics including the current science on the gut microbiome, endogenous and exogenous metabolites, biomarkers, and model systems. The workshop presentations and breakout group discussions formed the basis for identifying data gaps and research needs. Two critical issues that emerged were defining the microbial composition and function related to health and developing standards for models, methods and analysis in order to increase the ability to compare and replicate studies. A series of key recommendations were formulated to focus efforts to further understand host-microbiome interactions and the consequences of exposure to xenobiotics as well as identifying biomarkers of microbiome-associated disease and toxicity.

Cardiac physiology at the cellular level: use of cultured HL-1 cardiomyocytes for studies of cardiac muscle cell structure and function

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (3) ◽  
pp. H823-H829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. White ◽  
Phillip E. Constantin ◽  
William C. Claycomb
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Cardiac Physiology ◽  
Cardiac Phenotype ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
And Function

HL-1 cells are currently the only cardiomyocyte cell line available that continuously divides and spontaneously contracts while maintaining a differentiated cardiac phenotype. Extensive characterization using microscopic, genetic, immunohistochemical, electrophysiological, and pharmacological techniques has demonstrated how similar HL-1 cells are to primary cardiomyocytes. In the few years that HL-1 cells have been available, they have been used in a variety of model systems designed to answer important questions regarding cardiac biology at the cellular and molecular levels. Whereas HL-1 cells have been used to study normal cardiomyocyte function with regard to signaling, electrical, metabolic, and transcriptional regulation, they have also been used to address pathological conditions such as hypoxia, hyperglycemia-hyperinsulinemia, apoptosis, and ischemia-reperfusion. The availability of an immortalized, contractile cardiac cell line has provided investigators with a tool for probing the intricacies of cardiomyocyte function. In this review, we describe the culture and characterization of HL-1 cardiomyocytes as well as various model systems that have been developed using these cells to gain a better understanding of cardiac biology at the cellular and molecular levels.

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