Potential for Thermal Injury During Surgical Osteotomies

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Allen ◽  
Darren L. Hitt ◽  
Marc R. Sarnow
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Present Experimental Data ◽  
Metatarsal Bones

Medical literature indicates that permanent tissue damage can occur when exposed to temperature elevations of as little as 5°C for times as short as a few seconds. Clinically, it has also been observed that during surgical osteotomies (bone cutting procedures) significant amounts of heat are typically generated. We present experimental data that suggests critical conditions for thermal injury are regularly exceeded during simulated surgical procedures using cadeveric metatarsal bones.

EQUATIONS OF STATE FOR FLUIDS: THE LIQUID-VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM (LVE)

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (30) ◽  
pp. 5335-5347 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIANXIANG TIAN ◽  
YUANXING GUI
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Packing Fraction ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Mechanics Model ◽  
Vapor Equilibrium ◽  
Pure Substances ◽  
Compressibility Factors ◽  
Liquid Vapor

Historically, the development of equations of state for fluids has almost invariably followed the lead of the van der Waals (vdW) equation which includes an attraction term and a repulsion term. In this paper, using a simple statistical mechanics model, we introduce a parameter σ as both the power and a coefficient of the packing fraction y which locates at the numerator of the vdW attraction term. Then nine equations of state are constructed to solve the critical conditions and the main thermodynamic properties of pure substances at liquid-vapor equilibrium. As a result, the correct critical compressibility factors of Nitrogen, Argon, Carbon dioxide, Ethene, Methane, Oxygen, Propene, Water and Hydrogen, are obtained with an optimal choice of parameter σ. Good predictions of these equations to the liquid-vapor equilibrium properties below critical temperature are reported and compared with experimental data.

Towards a Dose of Acupuncture

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Simple Formula ◽  
Muscle Stimulation ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Superficial Needling ◽  
Direct Nerve ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Although it would be quite unacceptable to attempt most forms of treatment without defining the dose, acupuncture has so far remained without any means of quantification. Electrical and deep manual needling probably rely for their main effect on direct nerve and muscle stimulation. It is suggested that superficial needling acts by producing a cone of tissue damage, with release of inflammatory mediators which increase the sensitivity of local nerve endings so that trivial, incidental stimulation continues to induce CNS inhibitory effects for a prolonged period. The degree of local inflammatory effect can easily be recorded by measuring the area of skin flare. A simple formula is offered to determine the dose of acupuncture, based on skin flare recordings after experimental needling and theoretical considerations of tissue damage. Needles of varying shaft radius were inserted to a number of depths in the abdominal dermis and subjected to specific degrees of stimulation. The experimental data correlate well with the theoretical model. Needle response increases with depth of insertion, and with needle thickness although this is outweighed by the effects of manipulation if carried out. The formula derived for determining the dose of acupuncture which correlates with inflammatory response, as measured by skin flare, is (r + 0.1 l)K, where r is the radius of the needle shaft, l is the depth of insertion and K is 10 for unmanipulated insertions or 12.4 if the needle is manipulated.

Experimental Determination of the Static Equivalent Pressures of Detonative Explosions of Stoichiometric CH4/O2/N2-Mixtures and CH4/O2-Mixtures in Long Pipes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Peter Schildberg
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Detonation Pressure ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Static Loads ◽  
Present Experimental Data

In the recent past (PVP2013-97677, PVP2014-28197, PVP2015-45286) we had started to determine the static equivalent pressures pstat of the eight detonative pressure scenarios in long and short pipes for different detonable gas mixtures. The pstat-values are of vital importance for process design: by assigning static equivalent pressures to the highly dynamic detonative pressure peaks it is possible to apply the established pressure vessel guidelines, which can only cope with static loads, for the design of detonation pressure resistant pipes. One important finding was that the ratio R between pstat at the location where transition from deflagration to detonation occurs and pstat in the region of the stable detonation strongly depends on the reactivity of the gas mixture. In this paper we present experimental data showing the variation of R over the entire explosive range of Methane/O2/N2 mixtures. Qualitatively, the results should be representative for all other combustible/O2/N2-mixtures. Furthermore, recommendations for estimating pstat values of short pipe scenarios on basis of the long pipe scenarios are given.

scholarly journals Review of existing and development of a novel mathematical model for supercritical CO2 cycles working fluid

2018 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 01036
Author(s):  
Marcin Wołowicz ◽  
Jarosław Milewski ◽  
Piotr Lis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Critical Properties ◽  
Area Of Interest

The paper aims to compare the models of working fluids against experimental data for carbon dioxide close to its critical conditions. Fortunately, most of the work is already done and published where the authors compared the models based on the equation of the state (EoS). There are a few other models which were not investigated, thus we would like to add a few new results here and focus only on near-critical properties where the biggest deviation between experimental and calculated properties can be observed. The area of interest was pressure range of 7.39 – 20 MPa and temperature range of 304-340 K just above fluid critical point (7.39 MPa, 304.25 K). Model validation was performed for density and heat capacity as one of the most important parameters in preliminary cycle analysis.

PMN-INDUCED SECONDARY TISSUE DAMAGE AFTER THERMAL INJURY IS REGULATED BY T-CELLS OF THE γδ TCR LINEAGE.

Shock ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
M Alexander ◽  
B Toth ◽  
I H Chaudry ◽  
T Daniel ◽  
M G Schwacha
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Secondary Tissue

scholarly journals A comprehensive analysis of the growth rate of stress corrosion cracks

2015 ◽  
Vol 471 (2178) ◽  
pp. 20140703 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lee ◽  
Y. Huang ◽  
J. D. Achenbach
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crack Growth Rate ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Surface Breaking Crack

This paper is a synthesis of earlier results supplemented by new results to define a comprehensive analysis of the growth rate of stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Two mechanisms, anodic dissolution (AD) and hydrogen embrittlement (HE), have been considered to calculate the SCC growth rate of AA 7050-T6 for a surface-breaking crack with blunt tip in an aqueous environment. The relative contributions of each mechanism and their mutual interactions have been quantitatively assessed. Results show that AD provides critical conditions for HE, which explains in part a stepwise propagation of the crack. Finally, the total crack growth rate due to the combined effects of AD and HE has been determined, and numerical results have been compared with experimental data, and a calculation of the crack growth rate for a practical configuration has been presented.

scholarly journals MODEL-INDEPENDENT ESTIMATES FOR THE ABELIAN Z′ BOSON AT MODERN HADRON COLLIDERS

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 4083-4100 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXEY GULOV ◽  
ANDREY KOZHUSHKO
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Z Boson ◽  
Hadron Colliders ◽  
Present Experimental Data ◽  
Decay Widths ◽  
Model Independent

The model-independent constraints on the Abelian Z′ couplings from the LEP data are applied to estimate the Z′ production in experiments at the Tevatron and LHC. The Z′ total and partial decay widths are analyzed. The results are compared with model-dependent predictions and present experimental data from the Tevatron. If we assume the 1–2σ hints from the LEP data to be a signal of the Abelian Z′ boson, then the Tevatron data constrain the Z′ mass between 400 GeV and 1.2 TeV.

Paper 15: Critical Conditions during the Flow of Two-Phase Mixtures through Nozzles

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (8) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
D. Chisholm
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Sonic Velocity ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Through

Equations are developed for the flow of gas-liquid mixtures through nozzles under conditions of critical or ‘choking’ flow. The equations are compared with experimental data obtained during air-water flow through nozzles and pipes at almost atmospheric pressures. Comparison is also made with data on the sonic velocity in mixtures. Additional problems arising with vapour-liquid mixtures are also discussed.

Lazy tree splitting

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 382-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARS BERGSTROM ◽  
MATTHEW FLUET ◽  
MIKE RAINEY ◽  
JOHN REPPY ◽  
ADAM SHAW
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Binary Trees ◽  
Parallel Applications ◽  
Data Parallelism ◽  
Present Experimental Data ◽  
Nested Data ◽  
Parallel Decomposition ◽  
Binary Splitting ◽  
Parallel Loops ◽  
Parallel Arrays

AbstractNested data-parallelism (NDP) is a language mechanism that supports programming irregular parallel applications in a declarative style. In this paper, we describe the implementation of NDP in Parallel ML (PML), which is a part of the Manticore system. One of the main challenges of implementing NDP is managing the parallel decomposition of work. If we have too many small chunks of work, the overhead will be too high, but if we do not have enough chunks of work, processors will be idle. Recently, the technique of Lazy Binary Splitting was proposed to address this problem for nested parallel loops over flat arrays. We have adapted this technique to our implementation of NDP, which uses binary trees to represent parallel arrays. This new technique, which we call Lazy Tree Splitting (LTS), has the key advantage of performance robustness, i.e., it does not require tuning to get the best performance for each program. We describe the implementation of the standard NDP operations using LTS and present experimental data that demonstrate the scalability of LTS across a range of benchmarks.

scholarly journals L’ontologie amazonienne: animisme ou non-essentialisme?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Fortier
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
New Model ◽  
Revue De La Littérature ◽  
Psychological Essentialism ◽  
Present Experimental Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Cette Question ◽  
The Way

Titre : « L’ontologie amazonienne : animisme ou non-essentialisme ? »Résumé : Comment les populations indigènes d’Amazonie se représentent-elles les êtres du monde ? En d’autres termes, quelle est leur ontologie ? La plus récente réponse à cette question passe par la réhabilitation d’un concept ancien : l’animisme. Ce modèle de la pensée amazonienne s’est imposé dans les deux dernières décennies, et il occupe aujourd’hui une position hégémonique. Je soutiens ici que le modèle animiste de la pensée amazonienne pose de nombreux problèmes : il rend mal compte des données ethnographiques et échoue à identifier le propre de la pensée amazonienne. Si l’ontologie amazonienne n’est pas animiste, qu’est-elle alors ? Je propose un nouveau modèle selon lequel l’ontologie amazonienne est fondamentalement non essentialiste. Deux types de preuves viennent corroborer cette proposition : je propose d’abord une brève revue de la littérature ethnographique amazoniste, puis présente des données expérimentales que j’ai récemment collectées chez les Huni Kuin du Haut-Purus (Amazonie péruvienne). Je conclus en posant quelques-uns des jalons d’une vaste entreprise de comparaison des ontologies à travers le monde.Mots-clés : Amazonie, animisme, essentialisme psychologique, ethnobiologie, ethnosociologie, Huni Kuin, ontologie, perspectivisme.Title: « Amazonian ontology: animism or non-essentialism? »Abstract: How do indigenous Amazonian people conceive of the beings of the world? In other words, what is their ontology? The most recent response to this question consists in revamping an old concept: animism. Within the last two decades, this model of Amazonian thought has become increasingly influential. I contend that the animistic model of Amazonian thought is problematic in many respects: it does not do justice to ethnographic data and fails to pinpoint the uniqueness of Amazonian thought. If the Amazonian ontology cannot be characterized as animistic, what is it then? I put forth a new model according to which the Amazonian ontology is fundamentally non essentialist. Two strands of evidence corroborate this claim: first, I briefly review some of the Amazonianist ethnographic literature, and next present experimental data I recently collected among the Huni Kuin of the Upper Purus River (Peruvian Amazon). In conclusion, I pave the way for a broader endeavor of comparison of ontologies across the world.Keywords: Amazonia, animism, folkbiology, folksociology, Huni Kuin, ontology, perspectivism, psychological essentialism.

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