High Speed Crash Barrier Investigation Using Simulation

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Reid ◽  
Ronald K. Faller ◽  
Dean L. Sicking
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
The United States ◽  
Roadside Safety ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Auto Racing ◽  
Race Track ◽  
Driver Injuries ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Rigid Walls

Abstract Auto racing has become one of the most popular sporting venues in the United States. For these events, vehicles typically travel around oval tracks at extremely high speeds, in some cases in excess of 365 km/h. At these higher speeds, these vehicles may be involved in multi-car collisions or impacts with the exterior rigid walls, potentially resulting in serious driver injuries or fatalities. Although infrequent, serious harm has also occurred to spectators as flying vehicle debris has passed over protective fencing. As a result of these accidents, researchers at the Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, in cooperation with the Indy Racing League, Indianapolis Motor Speedway, and Kestrel Advisors, Inc., have been investigating and developing several energy-absorbing barrier concepts that would provide increased track safety. Two concepts — one using HDPE plates and one using crushable foam — are described herein. Preliminary results from the computer simulation effort show great potential for increasing the safety of race track barriers.

New Energy-Absorbing High-Speed Safety Barrier

2003 ◽  
Vol 1851 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Reid ◽  
Ronald K. Faller ◽  
Jim C. Holloway ◽  
John R. Rohde ◽  
Dean L. Sicking
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Roadside Safety ◽  
New Energy ◽  
University Of Nebraska Lincoln ◽  
Energy Absorbing

For many years, containment for errant racing vehicles traveling on oval speedways has been provided through rigid, concrete containment walls placed around the exterior of the track. However, accident experience has shown that serious injuries and fatalities may occur through vehicular impacts into these nondeformable barriers. Because of these injuries, the Indy Racing League and the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, later joined by the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR), sponsored the development of a new barrier system by the Midwest Roadside Safety Facility at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln to improve the safety of drivers participating in automobile racing events. Several barrier prototypes were investigated and evaluated using both static and dynamic component testing, computer simulation modeling with LS-DYNA (a nonlinear finite element analysis code), and 20 full-scale vehicle crash tests. The full-scale crash testing program included bogie vehicles, small cars, and a full-size sedan, as well as Indy Racing League open-wheeled cars and NASCAR Winston Cup cars. A combination steel tube skin and foam energy-absorbing barrier system, referred to as the SAFER (steel and foam energy reduction) barrier, was successfully developed. Subsequently, the SAFER barrier was installed at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in advance of the running of the 2002 Indianapolis 500 race. From the results of the laboratory testing program as well as analysis of the accidents into the SAFER barrier occurring during practice, qualification, and the race, the SAFER barrier has been shown to provide improved safety for drivers impacting the outer walls.

Effect of Operating Speed in Diagnosis of Gear Faults

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nevzat Özgüven ◽  
Melek Yalçintaş
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Variable Mesh ◽  
Gear Fault ◽  
Bearing Dynamics

Abstract This paper presents the effect of the operational speed of gears on the vibration signals measured at bearings for gear fault diagnosis purposes.The information available in literature is usually for relatively low speeds of gears. As it is very difficult to study experimentally the vibration of high speed gears with controlled specific gear faults, computer simulation is used in this work. Nonlinear dynamic analysis program developed in an earlier study is used in simulating the dynamic behavior of spur gears with several different gear faults, and an FFT algorithm is used to generate the frequency spectrum of bearing vibrations. Three types of gear faults are discussed in this paper: uniform profile error, eccentricity, and local faults on a single gear tooth. The model used in the analysis is nonlinear and includes several important effects such as variable mesh stiffness, backlash, separation of teeth, shaft and bearing dynamics. Spectra of the bearing vibrations for gears with well known faults are used to verify the computer simulation approach employed. Then the effect of the operating speed of gears on the diagnosis of these faults are studied by obtaining bearing vibration spectra at different gear speeds. It is concluded that some frequendy used and well known diagnostic rules may not apply at high speeds.

A Statistical Study of Process Variables to Optimize a High Speed Curtain Coater: Part I

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEEYUSH TRIPATHI ◽  
MARGARET JOYCE ◽  
PAUL D. FLEMING ◽  
MASAHIRO SUGIHARA
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Air Removal ◽  
Removal System

Using an experimental design approach, researchers altered process parameters and material prop-erties to stabilize the curtain of a pilot curtain coater at high speeds. Part I of this paper identifies the four significant variables that influence curtain stability. The boundary layer air removal system was critical to the stability of the curtain and base sheet roughness was found to be very important. A shear thinning coating rheology and higher curtain heights improved the curtain stability at high speeds. The sizing of the base sheet affected coverage and cur-tain stability because of its effect on base sheet wettability. The role of surfactant was inconclusive. Part II of this paper will report on further optimization of curtain stability with these four variables using a D-optimal partial-facto-rial design.

RED CUT COBALT

Alloy Digest ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Red Hardness ◽  
Nonferrous Alloys ◽  
Cutting Point

Abstract RED CUT COBALT steel is made by adding 5% cobalt to the conventional 18% tungsten -4% chromium-1% vanadium high-speed steel. Cobalt increases hot or red hardness and thus enables the tool to maintain a higher hardness at elevated temperatures. This steel is best adapted for hogging cuts or where the temperature of the cutting point of the tool in increased greatly. It is well adapted for tools to be used for reaming cast-iron engine cylinders, turning alloy steel or cast iron and cutting nonferrous alloys at high speeds. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and hardness as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-367. Producer or source: Teledyne Vasco.

CPM REX 25

Alloy Digest ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Aisi Type ◽  
Tool Performance ◽  
End Mills ◽  
Machining Operations

Abstract CPM REX 25 is a super high-speed steel made without cobalt. It is comparable to AISI Type T15 cobalt-containing high-speed steel in response to heat treatment, properties, and tool performance. CPM REX 25 is recommended for machining operations requiring heavy cuts, high speeds and feeds, and difficult-to-machine materials of high hardness and abrasion resistance. Typical applications are boring tools, drills, gear cutters, punches, form tools, end mills and broaches. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: TS-365. Producer or source: Crucible Materials Corporation.

COMPUTER SIMULATION OF FLOW IN CORRUGATED CHANNEL OF PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Л. А. Кущев ◽  
В. Н. Мелькумов ◽  
Н. Ю. Саввин
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Exchange ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Plate Heat Exchanger ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Plate Heat ◽  
Corrugated Channel ◽  
Heat Exchange Process

Постановка задачи. Рассматривается теплообменный процесс, протекающий в модифицированном гофрированном межпластинном канале интенсифицированного пластинчатого теплообменного аппарата с повышенной турбулизацией теплоносителя. Необходимо разработать компьютерную модель движения теплоносителя в диапазоне скоростей 0,1-1,5 м/с и определить коэффициент турбулизации пластинчатого теплообменника. Результаты. Приведены результаты компьютерного моделирования движения теплоносителя в межпластинном гофрированном канале оригинального пластинчатого теплообменного аппарата с помощью программного комплекса Аnsys . Определены критерии устойчивости системы. Выполнено 3 D -моделирование канала, образуемого гофрированными пластинами. При исследовании процесса турбулизации были рассмотрены несколько скоростных режимов движения теплоносителя. Определен коэффициент турбулизации Tu, %. Выводы. В результате компьютерного моделирования установлено увеличение коэффициента теплопередачи К, Вт/(м ℃ ) за счет повышенной турбулизации потока, что приводит к снижению металлоемкости и уменьшению стоимости теплообменного оборудования. Statement of the problem. The heat exchange process occurring in a modified corrugated interplate channel of an intensified plate heat exchanger with an increased turbulence of the heat carrier is discussed. A computer model of the coolant movement in the speed range of 0.1-1.5 m/s is developed and the turbulence coefficient of the plate heat exchanger is determined. Results. The article presents the results of computer modeling of the coolant movement in the interplate corrugated channel of the original plate heat exchanger using the Ansys software package. The criteria of system stability are defined. 3D modeling of the channel formed by corrugated plates is performed. In the study of the process of turbulence several high-speed modes of movement of the coolant were considered. The turbulence coefficient Tu, % is determined. Conclusions. As a result of computer simulation, an increase in the heat transfer coefficient K, W/(m ℃) was found due to an increased turbulization of the flow, which leads to a decrease in metal consumption and a decrease in the cost of heat exchange equipment.

scholarly journals Benchmark of the Trends of Spatial Inequality in World Megaregions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6456
Author(s):  
Ziqi Liu ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Liwen Liu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
International Learning ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
Index Measure

There have been growing concerns around the world over the rising spatial inequality (SI) amid fast and vast globalization. This paper presents an effort to benchmark the conditions and trends of spatial inequality in 37 megaregions in the United States, Europe, and China. Furthermore, the study selected three megaregion examples and analyzed the effect of developing high-speed rail (HSR) as an infrastructure investment strategy on reshaping the spatial pattern of job accessibility. The study measures spatial inequality with the Theil index of gross regional product and with the rank-size coefficient of polycentricity. Results show that spatial inequality exists and varies in magnitude within and between megaregions. On average, Chinese megaregions exhibited the level of spatial inequality about two times or more of those in the U.S. and European megaregions. The decade between 2006 and 2016 saw a decrease in the Theil index measure of megaregional inequality in China, but a slight increase in the United States and Europe. Fast growing megaregions exhibit high levels and rising trends of spatial inequality regardless of the country or continent setting. HSR helps improve mobility and accessibility; yet the extent to which HSR reduces spatial inequality is context dependent. This study presents a first attempt to assess and compare the spatial inequality conditions and trajectories in world megaregions aiming at promoting international learning.

Computer simulation of high speed melting of amorphous silicon

1983 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 669-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Webber ◽  
A. G. Cullis ◽  
N. G. Chew
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
High Speed

scholarly journals Address of the President Sir Henry Dale, C.B.E., at the Anniversary Meeting, 1 December 1941

1942 ◽  
Vol 179 (978) ◽  
pp. 233-260 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technical College ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrical Engineering ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pure Mathematics ◽  
Symbolic Structure ◽  
The Church ◽  
Insight Into

This is the first occasion on which I have had the great honour of addressing the Royal Society on this anniversary of its foundation. According to custom, I begin with brief mention of those whom death has taken from our Fellowship during the past year, and whose memories we honour. Alfred Young (1873-1940), distinguished for his contributions to pure mathematics, was half brother to another of our Fellows, Sydney Young, a chemist of eminence. Alfred Young had an insight into the symbolic structure and manipulation of algebra, which gave him a special place among his mathematical contemporaries. After a successful career at Cambridge he entered the Church, and passed his later years in the country rectory of Birdbrook, Essex. His devotion to mathematics continued, however, throughout his life, and he published a steady stream of work in the branch of algebra which he had invented, and named ‘quantitative substitutional analysis’. He lived to see his methods adopted by Weyl in his quantum mechanics and spectroscopy. He was elected to our Fellowship in 1934. With the death of Miles Walker (1868-1941) the Society loses a pioneer in large-scale electrical engineering. Walker was a man of wide interests. He was trained first for the law, and even followed its practice for a period. Later he studied electrical engineering under Sylvanus Thompson at the Finsbury Technical College and became his assistant for several years. Thereafter, encouraged by Thompson, he entered St John’s College, Cambridge, with a scholarship, and graduated with 1st Class Honours in both the Natural Sciences and the Engineering Tripos. Having entered the service of the British Westinghouse Company, he was sent by them to the United States of America to study electrical engineering with the parent company in Pittsburgh. On his return to England he became their leading designer of high-speed electrical generators

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