Optimal Operation in CHP Systems: Using Mathematical Programming and Heuristic Rules

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Krogh Iversen ◽  
Anders Busk Nielsen ◽  
Mads Pagh Nielsen ◽  
Jens Andersen ◽  
Jeppe Grue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Heuristic Rules ◽  
Heat Accumulator

Abstract The power generation system in Denmark is extensively based on small combined heat and power plants (CHP plants), which produce both electricity and district heating. This work deals with smaller plants spread throughout the country. Often a heat accumulator is used to enable electricity production, even when the heat demand is low. This system forms a very complex problem, both for dimensioning, designing and operation of CHP plants. The objective of the work is the development of a tool for the optimization of the operation of CHP plants. The optimization problem is a MINLP-problem of a very large scale. Therefore, a set of heuristic rules is formulated in order to reduce the size of the problem. Different cases are being tested, involving CHP producing units to cover the demand. The results show that it is of major importance to consider the operation of the plant in detail already in the design phase. It is of major importance to consider the optimization of the operation of a plant, even at the design stage, as it may cause the contribution margin to rise significantly, if the plant is designed on the basis of a detailed knowledge of the expected operation.

Optimal Operation Model for Virtual Power Plant in Datong Area

2015 ◽  
Vol 785 ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hei Wei ◽  
Rasyidah Mohamed Idris
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Virtual Power Plant ◽  
Pumped Storage

Datong area has abundant wind energy. Due to problem in large scale of wind power grid connection, this paper introduces virtual power plant concept. As for beginning, power source characteristics of the wind farm, pumped storage power station and the thermal power plant are taken for analysis. Three types of different power plants are chosen to represent the virtual power plant modeling as well as adopting the NSGA2 optimization. As a conclusion, this case study proved that virtual power plant can increase the benefits of each power plant and the wind power plant output power curve become smoother.

scholarly journals Current Status of Energy Production from Solid Biomass in Southern Italy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2576
Author(s):  
Cristina Moliner ◽  
Elisabetta Arato ◽  
Filippo Marchelli
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Solid Biomass

This work analyses and discusses data on thermochemical plants in Southern Italy that are fed with solid biomass. The analysis takes into account the biomass availability and potential together with the cost-benefit analysis using technology development and economic indicators (LCOE). A total of 63,762 units have been categorised according to the employed technology and produced energy: power plants for electricity production or cogeneration plants for combined heat and electricity production (53 plants) and thermal units for heat production (63,709 units). The eight regions of the area have noteworthy differences. In terms of electricity generated from solid biomass Calabria is by far the largest producer, followed by Apulia. Sicily, Sardinia and Molise provide lower amounts while Abruzzo, Basilicata and Campania generate almost negligible amounts. Regarding thermal production, Campania and Calabria are the largest producers, but Basilicata, Molise and Abruzzo generate the highest amount per capita. The area is far from fully exploiting its biomass potential, and there are also no district heating grids. Bioenergy can be remarkably competitive, provided that capital costs are relatively low and low-cost biomass is available, as it is the case of Italy. New applications and markets for sub-products (i.e., char, ash) would help in lowering the still not competitive economic indicators (LCOE).

scholarly journals Optimal Operation of a Photovoltaic Integrated Captive Cogeneration Plant with a Utility Grid Using Optimization and Machine Learning Prediction Methods

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4935
Author(s):  
B. Koti Reddy ◽  
Amit Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Voltage Ramp

The World Energy Council, in its 2019 World Energy Scenarios Report, advised policymakers to identify innovative opportunities for the integration of renewable energy resources into existing electrical power systems to achieve a fast and affordable solution. However, large-scale industries with cogeneration units are facing problems in handling the higher penetration levels of intermittent renewable energies. This paper addresses large-size photovoltaic power integration problems and their optimal operation. This work considers the case of a chemical industry having both cogeneration power and solar photovoltaics. Here, a modified firefly algorithm and a hybrid power resource optimization solver are proposed. The results of the proposed method are compared with other benchmark techniques, to confirm its advantages. The proposed techniques can be used in industries having cogeneration power plants with photovoltaics for better optimization and to meet the guidelines specified in IEEE 1547. The voltage ramp index is proposed to determine the voltage ramp up and down with intermittent solar irradiance. Additionally, a machine learning technique is used to predict the cogeneration plant efficiency at different loads and the solar irradiance under varying weather conditions. Finally, this paper proposes the effectiveness of the modified heuristic technique and certain guidelines, including solvers for industrial use.

Optimal Operation of a Gogeneration Plant in Consideration of Equipment Startup/Shutdown Cost

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Yokoyama ◽  
K. Ito
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Operational Planning ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Operational Strategy

A rational method of determining the operational strategy of energy supply plants in consideration of equipment startup/shutdown cost is proposed. The operational planning problem is formulated as a large-scale mixed-integer linear programming one, in which on/off status and energy flow rates of equipment are determined so as to minimize the sum of energy supply and startup/shutdown costs over the period considered. By utilizing a special structure of the problem, an algorithm of solving the problem efficiently is proposed. Through a numerical study on the daily operational planning of a gas turbine cogeneration plant for district heating and cooling, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, is ascertained in terms of computation time, and the influence of equipment startup/shutdown cost on the operational strategy and cost is clarified.

An Improved Methodology to Design Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plant

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Durusu ◽  
Ali Erduman
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Pv Modules

A secure and reliable supply of energy is important for economic stability and even in social life. Increasing human population, industrialization, and rising living standards lead to increased electrical energy demand. Uncertainties in oil prices, shortage of fossil fuel reserves, and environmental pollution from conventional fuels leads solar energy as an alternative resource for electricity production. The share of installed photovoltaic (PV) capacity as a percent of total installed power generating capacity is increasing every year. In this study, an improved methodology to design large-scale PV power plant is proposed. The proposed methodology is performed for designing optimal configurations of PV power plants. The design methodology is performed using commercially available PV modules and inverters. In addition, solar radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed, shadow effect, and location and shape of plant field are taken into consideration as input parameters. The alternatives and parameters are evaluated with the purpose of minimizing the levelized cost of generated electricity (LCOE). The methodology includes the use of a genetic algorithm (GA) for determining the optimal number of PV modules and inverters, optimum tilt angle of PV modules, required installation area for the plant and optimum cable cross section and lengths. In the paper, the methodology is implemented, and case studies and results using pvsyst software for the same case studies are compared with each other.

Environmental evaluation of Turkey’s transboundary rivers' hydropower systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 684-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Berkun
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Environmental Evaluation ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plants

The Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP), encompassing 27 dams and 19 hydroelectric power plants, is a large-scale water management program aiming at an increase in domestic electricity production and the development of vast irrigation schemes for agriculture. In spite of numerous benefits experienced in the area, there is also a multitude of impacts observed on the environment. The Coruh River is the longest river of the East Black Sea region and is of high economic importance to Turkey because of its largely exploitable hydropower potential. The Coruh project consists of 27 planned dams and hydroelectric power plants. The planned dams have the potential to cause serious environmental effects in upstream Turkey and downstream Georgia. Equitable, rational, and optimal utilization of transboundary water resources can be achieved through a scientific study, which will determine the true water needs of each riparian country. A precise assessment is needed of the economic, ecological, and social problems on the basis of the environmental impact and cumulative effect assessment reports.

Economy Analysis of Electricity Production From Hydrogen in Combination With Nuclear Power Plant

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurij Avsec ◽  
Peter Virtic´ ◽  
Tomazˇ Zˇagar ◽  
Luka Sˇtrubelj
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Nuclear Technology ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Hydrogen Technologies

Efficient and sustainable methods of clean fuel and energy production are needed in all countries of the world in the face of depleting oil reserves and the need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Some countries are developing technologies that could be named zero carbon technologies. The presented article will show how hydrogen technologies could be implemented with renewable technologies and nuclear technology. Nuclear technology produce very cheap electricity and could produce also cheap energy like heat and vapour. This technology should be used in nuclear power plants to develop other products like hydrogen, biofuels or district heating. One of the biggest opportunities for nuclear energy technology is to produce hydrogen. Some countries like Canada and US are in preparation to build hydrogen villages. However, a key missing element is a large-scale method of hydrogen production [1–5]. As a carbon-based technology, the predominant existing process (steam-methane reforming (SMR)) is unsuitable. This paper focuses on a production of hydrogen in connection with a nuclear power plant. We will show the technologies which allow the coupling between a nuclear power plant and hydrogen technologies.

scholarly journals Current Status of Energy Production from Solid Biomass in North-West Italy

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Moliner ◽  
Filippo Marchelli ◽  
Elisabetta Arato
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Thermo Electric ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Solid Biomass

Data on the thermochemical plants fed by solid biomass in the north-west area of Italy (Liguria, Lombardy, Piedmont and Aosta Valley) have been organised, analysed and discussed. Moreover, the biomass availability and potential has been evaluated. A total of 28,167 plants have been categorised according to their typology and output: thermo-electric power plants for electricity production, thermal plants for heat production, cogeneration plants for combined heat and electricity production and district heating installations for local heating purposes. In general, separate observations for the different provinces may be drawn. Liguria stands out as the most evident case of under-exploited biomass potential, followed by Aosta Valley, which, however, is rich in hydroelectricity. Lombardy and Piedmont are more virtuous and have several plants in their territory. The construction of new plants and the upgrade of existing ones may bring noteworthy benefits, as well as the use of added value sub-products to foster circular economy approaches.

System effects of lowered district heating supply temperatures

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Tina Lidberg ◽  
Thomas Olofsson ◽  
Louise Ödlund
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Significant Difference

Lowering temperature levels of a district heating (DH) system may offer several advantages such as reduced distribution losses, increased efficiency of flue gas condensation equipment and increased electricity generation in combined heat and power plants. In a broader perspective this can result in more efficient use of natural resources as well as reduced climate-impacting emissions. This study examines how decreased DH supply temperatures influence the power-to-heat ratio and thereby electricity production and fuel use in a combined heat and power plant. Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eqv.) emissions and primary energy use were calculated with three different marginal electricity perspectives. A regional DH system situated in mid-Sweden was used as a case study and the energy system cost optimization modelling tool MODEST (Model for Optimization of Dynamic Energy Systems with Time-Dependent Components and Boundary Conditions) was used. The results show that decreasing the DH supply temperature results in increased electricity production as well as increased fuel use within the system. Further, there is a significant difference in CO2-eqv. emissions and primary energy use for the studied marginal electricity perspectives.

Optimization of a Sawmill-Based Polygeneration Plant

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Salomón ◽  
María F. Gómez ◽  
James Spelling ◽  
Andrew Martin
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
The Government ◽  
Pelletization Plant ◽  
Annual Capacity

Biomass-based fuels have attracted worldwide interest due to their plentiful supply and their environmentally friendly characteristics. In many cases they are still considered waste but for most industries in Sweden, biomass has changed from being simply a disposal problem to become an important part of the energy supply, thanks to the long-term efforts made by the government, researchers and industry, where energy policies have played an important role. However, the amount of power that could be generated from biomass resources is much greater than that which is currently used. To effectively capture this resource requires a new generation of biomass power plants and their effective integration into already existing industrial processes. The implementation of an integrated polygeneration scheme requires the simultaneous consideration of technical, economic and environmental factors to find optimum solutions. With this in mind, a unified modeling approach that takes into account thermodynamic as well as economic and environmental aspects was used. The analysis was done using ASPEN Utilities and the MATLAB optimization toolbox. A specific case of a sawmill in Sweden, with an annual capacity of 130’000 m3 of sawn wood, has been analyzed and different options for generating electricity and process heat (for the sawmill and for a district heating network) as well as densified biofuels was analyzed. Optimization was then applied for different configurations and operational parameters. The results show that the sawmill has the capability to not only supply its own energy needs, but also to export from 0.4 to 1MW of electricity to the grid, contribute 5 to 6 MWth of district heating and 20 000 ton/y of biomass pellets. The production of pellets helps to maintain the electricity production throughout the year when the district heating demand is lower. However, the levelized electricity cost is higher than the usual electricity price in the Nordic electricity market and may have difficulty to competing with low-cost electricity sources, such as nuclear energy and hydropower. In spite of this, polygeneration remains attractive for covering the energy demands of the sawmill and pelletization plant.

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