Approaches for Addressing MARSSIM Complications

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Johnson ◽  
L. A. Durham ◽  
D. S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Subsurface Contamination

The Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM) was developed as a multi-agency framework for supporting radioactive site closure in the United States. MARSSIM provides a coherent, technically defensible process for establishing that exposed surfaces (soil or structure) satisfy site cleanup requirements. Site cleanup requirements are assumed to be dose or risk-derived. Unfortunately, many sites have complications that challenge a direct application of MARSSIM. Example complications include decision documents requirements that are not MARSSIM-friendly, the potential for subsurface contamination, and incomplete characterization information. These types of complications are typically the rule, rather than the exception, for sites undergoing radiologically-driven remediation and closure. This paper discusses approaches used to circumvent MARSSIM-related closure issues, while still providing a technically defensible closure protocol that is consistent with the spirit of MARSSIM and acceptable to the regulatory and broader stakeholder community.

Early History of Aluminum Metallurgy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman C. Craig
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Early History ◽  
Aluminum Metal ◽  
New Development ◽  
Metal Aluminum ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

Prior to the mid-1880s aluminum was known as a metallic substance but was too costly to be used for other than jewelry-type applications. In 1886, Charles Hall in the United States and Paul Héroult in France discovered an economical electrolysis process for reducing aluminum from its abundant ore, alumina (Al2O3). This method, known today as the Hall–Héroult process, was a direct application of the then-new development of dynamos and principally of waterpower to generate huge amounts of electricity. Within a few years, aluminum was being produced at a low enough price that this metal played a growing role in everyday life. As a lustrous and lightweight metal, aluminum transformed human expectations for the appearance and uses of metals. This paper traces the stories of Hall and Héroult in their historic paths from concept to industrialization for refining aluminum metal. The essentials of the Hall–Héroult process remain fundamental in the aluminum industry today.

The Use of Epoxy Resins in Field Projects for Stone Stabilization

1992 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Selwitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
The United States ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Moderate Size

ABSTRACTThe direct application of epoxy resins to deteriorating stone often encounters problems of penetration and color formation. Conservation scientists have worked around these problems by using organic solvents as carriers and have successfully consolidated stone with epoxy resins in a large number of projects. Work in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Italy and the United States is described. In Europe the methodology has evolved to treat objects of moderate size and isolated parts of buildings while in the United States procedures have been developed for stabilizing large portions of major buildings.

NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1044-1044
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Graduate School ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Cook County ◽  
School Of Medicine

A 2 weeks' intensive personal course in cerebral palsy is to be given by Dr. M. A. Perlstein at the Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, Chicago, from July 31 to Aug. 12, 1950. Registration for the course will be by direct application to Mr. James F. Askin, Registrar of the Medical School. A prize of $1000, donated by the Kappa Delta Sorority, is awarded annually by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons for the best research done in orthopaedic surgery or a related scientific field by an individual in the United States.

Part VII United States-United Kingdom Issues, 23 Extraterritorial Application of US Law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinh Viet D ◽  
Wold Megan M
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Foreign Law ◽  
The U.S

U.S. laws related to tainted money often create an impact beyond U.S. territory. This extraterritoriality occurs in two ways: firstly, formal extraterritoriality, meaning the direct application in a U.S. court of U.S. law to activities taking place partly or entirely outside of the U.S.; and, secondly, informal extraterritoriality, meaning indirect effects of U.S. law felt outside of the U.S. but without the application of any U.S. statute or the participation of any U.S. court. This chapter discusses both types of extraterritoriality. First, it presents the conditions of formal extraterritoriality by outlining the principles by which U.S. courts determine whether a particular U.S. statute applies outside the United States. Second, the chapter considers the elements of informal extraterritoriality by describing the types of extraterritorial effects U.S. law may have even when not directly applied to extraterritorial activities. Third, this chapter describes several specific U.S. laws that commonly have extraterritorial applications and/or effects. And finally, the chapter concludes with a brief analysis of extraterritorial applications of foreign law within the U.S. Although not specifically contemplated by the title of this chapter, this discussion pertains to the fundamental reciprocity analysis that governs formal extraterritoriality in the U.S.

scholarly journals Conversazione

1946 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Air Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Striking Feature ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Royal Air Force ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Home Department

The Conversazione held on 14 November 1945 was the first since 23 June 1939. It was attended by several guests, including the Ambassadors of Belgium, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Soviet Union, and the United States, the Swedish Minister, the Lord Privy Seal, the Secretaries of State for the Home Department, Dominion Affairs, India and Burma, and the Colonies, and the Minister of Education. A striking feature of the conversazione was the exhibits and demonstrations given by the Royal Navy, the Army and the Royal Air Force illustrating methods and equipment used for personnel research in the different services. The main purpose of the demonstrations was to draw attention to the physiological hazards which modern armaments may impose upon their users. Research has been directed towards the detection and elimination of factors producing such stress, and, where elimination is possible, towards reducing the effect upon man. The items shown were chosen primarily with a view to demonstrating the physiological problems encountered and the direct application of the results of research towards the protection of the fighting man and an increase in his efficiency.

scholarly journals Archival material and site investigations

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Legget ◽  
K. N. Burn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Site Investigations ◽  
Natural Terrain ◽  
Improved Accuracy ◽  
Subsurface Investigations

The prediction of subsurface conditions at building sites is a prime responsibility of the geotechnical engineer, and the improved accuracy with which he can make such predictions is a continual challenge. Information is derived primarily by studying the local geological and groundwater conditions, and from sampling and testing of soil and rock. In most instances, this procedure provides adequate assessment of the conditions likely to be encountered during construction. Increasingly, however, particularly in towns and cities, building sites are located where the natural terrain may have been altered significantly by earlier human activity, such as the erection and demolition of buildings and other structures, excavation and subsequent filling of pits and quarries, and the reclamation of land at waterfronts. The remains of these activities are now buried and hidden from view but they may present unusual and sometimes unexpected conditions, which can complicate the construction of new foundations and lead to increased costs for unanticipated work. Records of these earlier activities are sometimes available in drawings, maps, and paintings housed in local archives, and it is the thesis of this paper that these often constitute a useful tool in subsurface investigations—one that is too often overlooked. To support this contention, several case histories illustrating valuable information derived from archival material are cited, including examples from Canada, the United States, and Europe. Key words: archival material, site investigation, anthropogenic material.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

Silence of the Land: On the Historical Irrelevance of Territory to Congressional Districting and Political Representation in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Congressional District ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Communities Of Interest

Every ten years, the United States “constructs” itself politically. On a decennial basis, U.S. Congressional districts are quite literally drawn, physically constructing political representation in the House of Representatives on the basis of where one lives. Why does the United States do it this way? What justifies domicile as the sole criteria of constituency construction? These are the questions raised in this article. Contrary to many contemporary understandings of representation at the founding, I argue that there were no principled reasons for using domicile as the method of organizing for political representation. Even in 1787, the Congressional district was expected to be far too large to map onto existing communities of interest. Instead, territory should be understood as forming a habit of mind for the founders, even while it was necessary to achieve other democratic aims of representative government.

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