scholarly journals Archival material and site investigations

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Legget ◽  
K. N. Burn

The prediction of subsurface conditions at building sites is a prime responsibility of the geotechnical engineer, and the improved accuracy with which he can make such predictions is a continual challenge. Information is derived primarily by studying the local geological and groundwater conditions, and from sampling and testing of soil and rock. In most instances, this procedure provides adequate assessment of the conditions likely to be encountered during construction. Increasingly, however, particularly in towns and cities, building sites are located where the natural terrain may have been altered significantly by earlier human activity, such as the erection and demolition of buildings and other structures, excavation and subsequent filling of pits and quarries, and the reclamation of land at waterfronts. The remains of these activities are now buried and hidden from view but they may present unusual and sometimes unexpected conditions, which can complicate the construction of new foundations and lead to increased costs for unanticipated work. Records of these earlier activities are sometimes available in drawings, maps, and paintings housed in local archives, and it is the thesis of this paper that these often constitute a useful tool in subsurface investigations—one that is too often overlooked. To support this contention, several case histories illustrating valuable information derived from archival material are cited, including examples from Canada, the United States, and Europe. Key words: archival material, site investigation, anthropogenic material.

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
W F Garber

A review of sludge disposal to sea in North America involves sociological and political as well as technical, scientific or engineering considerations. The review of the interrelationships between these differing types of interests has appeared to be most intense in the United States. Not because of a lesser concern in Canada and Mexico; but because of factors such as the location of most major population centers along the sea coasts, the resulting possibility of environmental problems from waste discharges and the intensity and influence of the environmental movement. From the standpoint of a city or other agency attempting to dispose of solids residual from waste-water treatment in a manner which is both environmentally responsible and economically reasonable, the laws and regulations arising out of the complex of interest cited above pose almost impossible problems. Basic decisions are made by the courts and agency administrators and apply nationwide rather than allowing evaluation of each specific problem. Furthermore, laws applying to air, land and water (sea) pollution conflict so that environmentally responsible solutions become difficult to impossible. Case histories with an outline of the controlling legislation, development of standards and measure of the actual dimensions of such discharge is presented.


2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Quintaneiro

Durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, os Estados Unidos valeram-se das Listas Negras para eliminar as redes comerciais e as empresas vinculadas aos países do Eixo que atuavam nas repúblicas americanas. Este artigo analisa a política de guerra econômica aplicada no Brasil, especificamente com relação às cooperativas dos imigrantes japoneses, e a estratégia do governo Vargas para lidar com as pressões exercidas pelas autoridades do Departamento de Estado norte-americano. Abstract During World War II, the United States used the Proclaimed List of Certain Blocked Nationals as an instrument to eliminate the commercial networks and the companies associated to Axis countries operating in the American Republics. This article analyses the policy of economic warfare applied in Brazil, specifically in relation to the cooperatives of Japanese immigrants and the strategy of the Vargas government to deal with the pressures exercised by the State Department. Palavras-chave: Brasil. Imigrantes japoneses. Listas Negras. Key words: Brazil. Japanese immigrants. Proclaimed Lists.


2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1277-1292
Author(s):  
Anne Kaun ◽  
Fredrik Stiernstedt

Incarcerated individuals have long contributed to crucial societal infrastructures. From being leased work force building the railway in the United States to constructing canal systems in Sweden, prisoners’ labor has been widespread as an important part of value production. Part of the labor conducted by incarcerated people is related to the production, repair, and maintenance of media devices and media infrastructures constituting what we call prison media work. In this article, we trace the changing logics of prison media work historically since the inception of the modern prison at the turn of the 20th century. Based on archival material, interviews, and field observations, we outline a shift from physical manual labor toward the work of being tracked that is constitutive of surveillance capitalism in- and outside of the prison. We argue that prison media work holds an ambiguous position combining elements of exploitation and rehabilitation, but most importantly it is a dystopian magnifying glass of media work under surveillance capitalism.


1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 632-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray C. Temple

Although single-angle compression members, attached by one leg, appear to be very simple structural elements, they are amongst the most complex of structural elements to analyze and design. This is due to the end eccentricities and the fact that the principal axes of the angle do not coincide with the axis of the structure. The design of single-angle compression members, according to the Canadian standards, is not as straightforward as might be expected. There are numerous clauses to be considered in two standards. In some cases, all failure modes are not covered explicitly. The Canadian standards are examined and applied to the two generally accepted design approaches used in Canada and the United States. These approaches are (i) to ignore the end eccentricities and to treat the angle as a concentrically loaded member and (ii) to account for the end eccentricities by treating the angle as a beam–column. A flow chart is presented which will guide the designer through the many clauses that have to be considered in the two standards. Some suggestions are made which should help a practicing engineer design single-angle compression members that are attached by one leg. Key words: angles, buckling, building (codes), design.


1997 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-692
Author(s):  
Dorothy A. Paun ◽  
Steven R. Shook

Forest products managers indicate that it is important for college graduates to have an understanding of marketing in order to be competitive in the workplace. This research, in part a replication of a study completed 30 years ago, was conducted to elicit information that would be useful to faculty, students, administrators, and managers concerning the current role of marketing in forestry schools. A questionnaire was sent to 443 forestry professors at universities in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Two interesting findings include the apparent existence of a misconception about the functions of economics and marketing in forestry education, and, although industry consistently calls for more marketing emphasis in forest products curricula, these results suggest that forestry schools could do much more to meet this need by encouraging and funding forest products marketing programs. Key words: marketing, forest education


CORAK ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deni Setiawan

Culture and the type of clothing cosplay, sustainably develop in some parts of theworld, such as in the United States, Japan, Australia, Paris, London, Italy, and not least inIndonesia. As well as the animation concept inherent in Japanese culture, cosplay clothingbervisual be, of course, has its advantages and disadvantages, as well as shifting ideas whendiadobsi by a particular country. It is inevitable, characteristics and character animation as areference cosplay clothing manufacture, changing its form, concept, and material when appliedin Indonesia. Cosplay Indonesia, for example, how this all adopt dialihmaterialkan business, aswell as experienced changes in search of ideas to show all the elements of Indonesia 's. Makingthe next cosplay outfit based on stories, fairy tales, novels, legends, and comics in Indonesia.This arrangement is not without reason and without creativity, but more depth can bediscussed as a form of acculturation between the ideas of Japanese and Indonesian culture,which is packed into a cosplay outfit. On the other arts areas, the concept of cosplay is oftenshown as a costume show. For example, in the theater, revue, or a play-play in an event thatfeatured performances on the stage space . The concept of clothing with a special place andtime, is a simple concept of cosplay. Visualize concepts ideas or writings on clothing image andmakeup, which is transformed into three- dimensional shapes. Cosplay should be viewed as adiscourse of culture and art, by adopting textual ideas, concepts imagination image, into formssuch a unique and beautiful. Key words : cosplay, cosplayer, aesthetic principles, various forms, and ideology. Budaya dan jenis pakaian cosplay, secara berkesinambungan berkembang di beberapabelahan dunia, seperti di Amerika Serikat, Jepang, Australia, Paris, London, Italia, dan tidakterkecuali di Indonesia. Seperti halnya dalam konsep animasi yang melekat pada budayaJepang, bervisual menjadi pakaian cosplay, tentunya memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan, sertamengalami pergeseran ide-ide manakala diadobsi oleh negara tertentu. Tidak dapat dipungkiri,ciri khas dan karakter animasi sebagai rujukan pembuatan pakaian cosplay, mengalami perubahan bentuk, konsep, dan material ketika diaplikasikan di Indonesia. Cosplay Indonesiamisalnya, bagaimana usaha adobsi ini dialihmaterialkan, serta mengalami perubahanperubahandalam pencarian ide-ide dengan menampilkan unsur-unsur ke-Indonesia-an.Pembuatan pakaian cosplay pada selanjutnya berdasarkan pada cerita, dongeng, novel,legenda, dan komik-komik di Indonesia. Penggubahan ini bukan tanpa alasan dan tanpakreativitas, tetapi lebih mendalam dapat dibahas sebagai bentuk akulturasi antara ide-idekebudayaan Jepang dan Indonesia, yang dikemas menjadi pakaian cosplay. Pada wilayahkesenian lain, konsep cosplay juga sering ditampilkan sebagai sebuah kostum pertunjukan.Misalnya pada pertunjukan teater, pertunjukan tari-tarian, atau sebuah lakon-lakon yangditampilkan dalam sebuah acara pertunjukan diatas ruang pentas. Konsep pakaian dengantempat dan waktu khusus, adalah konsep sederhana dari cosplay. Konsep-konsep yangmemvisualkan ide-ide gambar ataupun tulisan tentang pakaian dan tata rias, yangditransformasikan menjadi bentuk tiga dimensi. Cosplay seharusnya dipandang sebagaiwacana kebudayaan dan kesenian, dengan mengadobsi ide-ide tekstual, konsep imajinasigambar, menjadi bentuk-bentuk rupa yang unik dan indah. Kata-kata kunci: cosplay, cosplayer, prinsip estetika, ragam bentuk, dan ideologi.


2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine S Nersessova ◽  
Tomas Jurcik ◽  
Timothy L Hulsey

Background: Cross-cultural studies find that culture shapes people’s understanding of mental illnesses, particularly Depression and Schizophrenia. Aims: To compare individuals’ beliefs and attitudes toward Depression and Schizophrenia in Russia and the United States. Method: Participants ( N=607) were presented with vignettes of two diagnostically unlabeled psychiatric case histories and then answered questions regarding mental health literacy (MHL) and attitudes toward the person and the illness. Results: Our findings indicate that Depression was most often attributed to psychosocial stress while Schizophrenia was thought to be caused by biological factors. People from both countries considered those suffering from Schizophrenia to be unpredictable and dangerous. US participants were more likely to endorse lay and professional help for both disorders than their Russian counterparts. Russian participants reported being less likely to turn to someone they trust and more likely to deal with problems on their own. Russian participants were also more likely to view those with Depression as ‘weak-willed’ and leading an ‘immoral lifestyle’. Conclusion: Our findings further inform cultural understandings of these mental illnesses in an often neglected national group. Patterns suggest that both groups may benefit from exposure to corrective information about Depression and Schizophrenia.


Author(s):  
Lill-Ann Körber

This chapter focuses on interviews with Swedish film maker Göran Hugo Olsson, about his films The Black Power Mixtapes 1967-1975 (2011) and Concerning Violence (2014), framed with an introduction and contextualization. Both films are based on found footage and archival material. The chapter deals with “elsewheres” of Nordic film in a geographical and in a temporal sense: What has today’s Sweden got to do with the histories of the Black Power Movement in the United States, addressed in The Black Power Mixtapes 1967-1975, and with decolonization wars and liberation movements in West, southern and East Africa thematized in Concerning Violence? This interconnectedness in time and space is characteristic for Olsson’s films. The chapter asks in which sense does the re-actualization of archival material contribute to a historicization of contemporary issues of (post-) colonialism and racism? In which sense do the films contribute to, or challenge, narratives of Sweden’s exceptional position in an asymmetrical world order?


2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malakkhanim Inglab Ismayilova ◽  

China is the world's rapidly growing economy after the United States. Economic growth has increased China's energy demand. Ensuring energy security is important for China. In order to study China's modern energy policy, the article first examines the nature of the country's fuel and energy complex. The future prospects and problems of this field were discussed. The article also examines the main threats to China’s modern energy security. Key words: energy, energy security, energy policy, China’s development, fuel and energy complex


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