scholarly journals Biofuel Emulsifier Using High Velocity Impinging Flows and Singularities in Micro-Channels

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Belkadi ◽  
A. Montillet ◽  
J. Bellettre
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Lipid Phase ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Microfluidic Mixer ◽  
Micro Channels ◽  
On Line ◽  
Density Surface ◽  
Impinging Flows

The objective of this work is to design an original microfluidic mixer for continuous emulsification of small fractions of water in a lipid phase. This system is aimed to be integrated on-line in the process so as to avoid the use of a surfactant. The targeted application is a better combustion of alternative biofuels in boilers, turbines or internal combustion engines in general. The developed micro-system which includes impinging flows and elbows, is performed on the basis of a specific design of micro-channels, adapted to the respective flow rates and the characteristics of the fluids to be emulsified (viscosity, surface tension). The variation of different parameters is tested in this study such as the nature of the lipid phase (viscosity, density, surface tension and components), the length of micro-channels in the elbow and the flow rate of the dispersed phase. The dispersion of water is much more efficient with this microsystem using gasoil rather than vegetable oil as the continuous phase.

scholarly journals Biofuel Emulsifier Using High-Velocity Impinging Flows and Singularities in Microchannels

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Belkadi ◽  
A. Montillet ◽  
J. Bellettre
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Point ◽  
Lipid Phase ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Microfluidic Mixer ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Rayleigh Instabilities

The objective of this experimental work is to design an original microfluidic mixer for continuous emulsification of small fractions of water in a lipid phase. This system is aimed to be integrated on-line in the process so as to avoid the use of a surfactant. The currently targeted application is a better combustion of water-supplemented alternative biofuels in boilers, turbines, or internal combustion engines in general. Therefore, mean size of droplets of water in the emulsion should be 5–10 μm, and the water content should not exceed ∼20%. Microsystems developed in this work are designed so as to enhance different flow perturbations that are favorable for the emulsification process. The microchannels for the fluids admittance have different sections: 300 × 300 μm2 and 600 × 600 μm2. As a consequence, an impinging flow is developed at the crossing of the inlet microchannels of the two phases which has for effect a significant stretching of the fluids. Then, depending on the continuous phase, Rayleigh instabilities can be developed in the straight parts of the outlet channels (600 × 600 μm2) and/or the enhancement of fluid splitting is obtained; thanks to a singularity (bend) located in the same outlet channels. Two different continuous phases are tested (gasoil and sun flower oil) for which the flow rate is about (65–100 ml/min). The water fraction is varied in the range 7–24%. It is shown that the length of the outlet microchannels is a crucial parameter. Considering an oil phase with low viscosity, such as gasoil, a too long channel can promote coalescence. On the opposite, longer outlet channels are needed with more viscous fluids (like sunflower oil) in order to develop Rayleigh instabilities which is, in this case, the more efficient way to obtain emulsions in this kind of microsystem. On a general point of view, concerning the size of the water droplets, dispersion of water is much more efficient with this microsystem using gasoil rather than vegetable oil as the continuous phase. Considering the targeted application, emulsions with an average size of water droplets of about 10 μm were obtained with gasoil as the continuous phase.

Fast on-line identification of instantaneous mechanical losses in internal combustion engines

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Cruz-Peragón ◽  
J.M. Palomar ◽  
F.A. Díaz ◽  
F.J. Jiménez-Espadafor
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Line Identification ◽  
On Line
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