Technology Review in IC Engine Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Scheer ◽  
Shahrokh Etemad
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Loss Reduction ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Ic Engines ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
A Company ◽  
Technology Review

When a company designs an engine, mandates by the federal government regarding fuel efficiency, safety and emissions must be met. Consumers demand power, reliability, and creature comforts of the vehicles they choose to purchase. Car manufacturers must meet all of these needs and desires as well as maintain profitability. The present paper reviews the application of recent advances in IC engines. It covers the four specific areas of (a) Electronic Applications (b) Air Flow Management (c) Fuel Injection / Combustion and (d) Loss Reduction technologies to address the needs of engine performance enhancement. Finally it provides a future direction of the technology for IC engine applications.

scholarly journals Effect of Methanol/Water Mixed Fuel Compound Injection on Engine Combustion and Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4491
Author(s):  
Changchun Xu ◽  
Haengmuk Cho
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Combustion Mechanism ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Concentration Ratios

Due to the recent global increase in fuel prices, to reduce emissions from ground transportation and improve urban air quality, it is necessary to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Water, methanol, and a mixture of the two were added at the pre-intercooler position to keep the same charge and cooling of the original rich mixture, reduce BSFC and increase ITE, and promote combustion. The methanol/water mixing volume ratios of different fuel injection strategies were compared to find the best balance between fuel consumption, performance, and emission trends. By simulating the combustion mechanism of methanol, water, and diesel mixed through the Chemkin system, the ignition delay, temperature change, and the generation rate of the hydroxyl group (−OH) in the reaction process were analyzed. Furthermore, the performance and emission of the engine were analyzed in combination with the actual experiment process. This paper studied the application of different concentration ratios of the water–methanol–diesel mixture in engines. Five concentration ratios of water–methanol blending were injected into the engine at different injection ratios at the pre-intercooler position, such as 100% methanol, 90% methanol/10% water, 60% methanol/40% water, 30% methanol/70% water, 100% water was used. With different volume ratios of premixes, the combustion rate and combustion efficiency were affected by droplet extinguishment, flashing, or explosion, resulting in changes in combustion temperature and affecting engine performance and emissions. In this article, the injection carryout at the pre-intercooler position of the intake port indicated thermal efficiency increase and a brake specific fuel consumption rate decrease with the increase of water–methanol concentration, and reduce CO, UHC, and nitrogen oxide emissions. In particular, when 60% methanol and 40% water were added, it was found that the ignition delay was the shortest and the cylinder pressure was the largest, but the heat release rate was indeed the lowest.

scholarly journals A Numerical Model to Study the Role of Surface Textures at Top Dead Center Reversal in the Piston Ring to Cylinder Liner Contact

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Morris ◽  
R. Rahmani ◽  
H. Rahnejat ◽  
P. D. King ◽  
S. Howell-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Cylinder Liner ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Combined Solution ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Minimization of parasitic losses in the internal combustion (IC) engine is essential for improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions. Surface texturing has emerged as a method palliating these losses in instances where thin lubricant films lead to mixed or boundary regimes of lubrication. Such thin films are prevalent in contact of compression ring to cylinder liner at piston motion reversals because of momentary cessation of entraining motion. The paper provides combined solution of Reynolds equation, boundary interactions, and a gas flow model to predict the tribological conditions, particularly at piston reversals. This model is then validated against measurements using a floating liner for determination of in situ friction of an engine under motored condition. Very good agreement is obtained. The validated model is then used to ascertain the effect of surface texturing of the liner surface during reversals. Therefore, the paper is a combined study of numerical predictions and the effect of surface texturing. The predictions show that some marginal gains in engine performance can be expected with laser textured chevron features of shallow depth under certain operating conditions.

Preliminary Design, Ignition, and Fuel Injection for a High Temperature Recuperated Microturbine Combustor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Tuttle ◽  
Katherine Hinnant ◽  
Michael Vick
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
State Changes ◽  
Ic Engines ◽  
Ignition Device

Recuperation and high turbine inlet temperatures could enable miniature (<20 kW) gas turbines to match the fuel efficiency and installed weight of current internal combustion (IC) engines. However, these strategies create unusual challenges for combustor development. As the engine transitions from ignition to steady state, changes in the preheated air temperature, fuel/air mixture, evaporation, and chemical timescales make operability difficult with a fixed-geometry combustor at all operational states. The flame must also be exceptionally clean in all conditions because any soot will foul the recuperator. Furthermore, preheated air is less effective for cooling, potentially creating extreme thermal loads on the liner, especially during transients, and any ignition device that protrudes into the unusually hot primary zone could melt. This paper describes the preliminary design of a combustor being developed to meet these challenges, and reviews the late progress on subsystem testing and experiments. The combustor is a single-can type with a radial swirler and single atomizer nozzle at one end. An optically accessible burner is being used to explore fundamental aspects of swirler aerodynamics, ignition strategies, liner cooling, and lean blow off behavior. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is enabling quantitative velocity measurements of swirler jet decay and interaction with the liner wall. Two different methods for projecting an ignition source into the primary zone from outside the liner, a micro-torch and a conventional spark igniter, have been tested.

scholarly journals A Review of Performance-Enhancing Innovative Modifications in Biodiesel Engines

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4395
Author(s):  
T. M. Yunus Khan
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Ic Engines ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Engine Components

The ever-increasing demand for transport is sustained by internal combustion (IC) engines. The demand for transport energy is large and continuously increasing across the globe. Though there are few alternative options emerging that may eliminate the IC engine, they are in a developing stage, meaning the burden of transportation has to be borne by IC engines until at least the near future. Hence, IC engines continue to be the prime mechanism to sustain transportation in general. However, the scarcity of fossil fuels and its rising prices have forced nations to look for alternate fuels. Biodiesel has been emerged as the replacement of diesel as fuel for diesel engines. The use of biodiesel in the existing diesel engine is not that efficient when it is compared with diesel run engine. Therefore, the biodiesel engine must be suitably improved in its design and developments pertaining to the intake manifold, fuel injection system, combustion chamber and exhaust manifold to get the maximum power output, improved brake thermal efficiency with reduced fuel consumption and exhaust emissions that are compatible with international standards. This paper reviews the efforts put by different researchers in modifying the engine components and systems to develop a diesel engine run on biodiesel for better performance, progressive combustion and improved emissions.

A Simulation Model for the Performance Enhancement of Turbocharged Diesel Engine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrukh Ahmad ◽  
Imran Aziz ◽  
Samiur Rahman Shah
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine

Diesel engines are widely used throughout the world in the transportation and industrial sector. Over the years, engineers and researchers have made continuous efforts to maximize the efficiency of the diesel engine, but there is still room for improvement. By maximizing the efficiency we can not only reduce the fuel consumption of engine, but can also add positively to the environment by reducing the emissions from the engine. In the present research a simulation model for the optimization of the performance of a diesel engine’s has been developed using the cylinder to cylinder approach. Physical, empirical and thermodynamic relations are used to setup the model in MATLAB. The model can predict the backflow through the valves based upon pressure difference across the valves. Multi event fuel injection technique is employed using main injection and pilot injection. The turbocharger is investigated with and without intercooler to see the effect on engine performance. The simulated results are in good agreement with already presented experimental results. A study has been performed to analyze the effect of variation of different parameters on the efficiency of the compression ignition engine. The parameters analyzed are bore to stroke ratio, compression ratio, equivalence ratio, injection timing variation (advance, retard), inlet charge heating and turbo-charging. By using the developed technique it is easier to make decisions regarding efficiency optimization in the design phase of the engine. The testing time and cost associated with the engine can also be reduced. The study provides a thorough insight on the effect of parametric variation on engine efficiency.

Application of Box-Behnken Analysis on the Optimisation of Air Intake System for a Naturally Aspirated Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 8029-8042
Author(s):  
N.S. Mustafa ◽  
N.H.A. Ngadiman ◽  
M.A. Abas ◽  
M.Y. Noordin
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Intake System ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
System Components ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
High Influence

Fuel price crisis has caused people to demand a car that is having a low fuel consumption without compromising the engine performance. Designing a naturally aspirated engine which can enhance engine performance and fuel efficiency requires optimisation processes on air intake system components. Hence, this study intends to carry out the optimisation process on the air intake system and airbox geometry. The parameters that have high influence on the design of an airbox geometry was determined by using AVL Boost software which simulated the automobile engine. The optimisation of the parameters was done by using Design Expert which adopted the Box-Behnken analysis technique. The result that was obtained from the study are optimised diameter of inlet/snorkel, volume of airbox, diameter of throttle body and length of intake runner are 81.07 mm, 1.04 L, 44.63 mm and 425 mm, respectively. By using these parameters values, the maximum engine performance and minimum fuel consumption are 93.3732 Nm and 21.3695×10-4 kg/s, respectively. This study has fully accomplished its aim to determine the significant parameters that influenced the performance of airbox and optimised the parameters so that a high engine performance and fuel efficiency can be produced. The success of this study can contribute to a better design of an airbox.

scholarly journals Acoustic Source Data for Medium Speed IC-Engines

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Hynninen ◽  
Raimo Turunen ◽  
Mats Åbom ◽  
Hans Bodén
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Source ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Source Characteristics ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Exhaust Noise ◽  
Ic Engines

Knowledge of the acoustic source characteristics of internal combustion engines (IC-engines) is of great importance when designing the exhaust duct system and its components to withstand the resulting dynamic loads and to reduce the exhaust noise emission. The goal of the present study is to numerically and experimentally investigate the medium speed IC-engine acoustic source characteristics, not only in the plane wave range but also in the high frequency range. The low frequency acoustic source characteristics were predicted by simulating the acoustic multiload measurements by using a one-dimensional process simulation code. The low frequency in-duct exhaust noise of a medium speed IC-engine can be quite accurately predicted. The high frequency source data is estimated by averaging the measured acoustic pressures with different methods; using the simple cross-spectra averaging method seems promising in this instance.

Diesel engine performance mapping using a parametrized mixing time model

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Pasternak ◽  
Fabian Mauss ◽  
Christian Klauer ◽  
Andrea Matrisciano
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Reactor Model ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Tabulated Chemistry

A numerical platform is presented for diesel engine performance mapping. The platform employs a zero-dimensional stochastic reactor model for the simulation of engine in-cylinder processes. n-Heptane is used as diesel surrogate for the modeling of fuel oxidation and emission formation. The overall simulation process is carried out in an automated manner using a genetic algorithm. The probability density function formulation of the stochastic reactor model enables an insight into the locality of turbulence–chemistry interactions that characterize the combustion process in diesel engines. The interactions are accounted for by the modeling of representative mixing time. The mixing time is parametrized with known engine operating parameters such as load, speed and fuel injection strategy. The detailed chemistry consideration and mixing time parametrization enable the extrapolation of engine performance parameters beyond the operating points used for model training. The results show that the model responds correctly to the changes of engine control parameters such as fuel injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation rate. It is demonstrated that the method developed can be applied to the prediction of engine load–speed maps for exhaust NOx, indicated mean effective pressure and fuel consumption. The maps can be derived from the limited experimental data available for model calibration. Significant speedup of the simulations process can be achieved using tabulated chemistry. Overall, the method presented can be considered as a bridge between the experimental works and the development of mean value engine models for engine control applications.

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