Exhaust Volume Dependency of Turbocharger Turbine Design for a Heavy Duty Otto Cycle Engine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Anton ◽  
Magnus Genrup ◽  
Carl Fredriksson ◽  
Per-Inge Larsson ◽  
Anders Erlandsson-Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Software ◽  
Exhaust Manifold ◽  
Otto Cycle ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Turbine Design

This study is considering turbocharger turbine performance at “on-engine” conditions with respect to turbine design variables and exhaust manifold volume. The highly unsteady nature of the internal combustion engine will result in a very wide range of turbine operation, far from steady flow conditions. As most turbomachinery design work is conducted at steady state, the influence of the chosen turbine design variables on the crank-angle-resolved turbine performance will be of prime interest. In order to achieve high turbocharger efficiency with the greatest benefits for the engine, the turbine will need high efficiency at the energetic exhaust pressure pulse peak. The starting point for this paper is a target full load power curve for a heavy duty Otto-cycle engine, which will dictate an initial compressor and turbine match. Three radial turbine designs are investigated, differing with respect to efficiency characteristics, using a common compressor stage. The influence of the chosen turbine design variables considering a main contributor to unsteadiness, exhaust manifold volume, is evaluated using 1D engine simulation software. A discussion is held in conjunction with this regarding the efficiency potential of each turbine design and limitations of turbine types.

Improvements to the Ainley-Mathieson Method of Turbine Performance Prediction

1970 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dunham ◽  
P. M. Came
Keyword(s):  
Performance Prediction ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blade Row ◽  
Loss Prediction ◽  
Made In

In 1951 Ainley and Mathieson published a method of predicting the design and off-design performance of an axial turbine (British ARC, R & M 2974). The flow and hence the losses were calculated at a single “reference diameter” for each blade row. This method has been widely used ever since. A critical review of the method has been made, based on detailed comparisons between the measured and predicted performance of a wide range of modern turbines. As a result, improvements have been made in the formulas for secondary loss and tip clearance loss prediction. The accuracy of the improved method has been assessed. Despite its relatively simple approach, it is believed that it will remain of great value in project work and preliminary design work.

Parametric Analysis of Existing Gas Turbines With Inlet Evaporative and Overspray Fogging

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bhargava ◽  
C. B. Meher-Homji
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Turbine Design

With deregulation in the power generation market and a need for flexibility in terms of power augmentation during the periods of high electricity demand, power plant operators all over the world are exploring means to augment power from both the existing and new gas turbines. An approach becoming increasingly popular is that of the high pressure inlet fogging. In this paper, the results of a comprehensive parametric analysis on the effects of inlet fogging on a wide range of existing gas turbines are presented. Both evaporative and overspray fogging conditions have been analyzed. The results show that the performance parameters indicative of inlet fogging effects have a definitive correlation with the key gas turbine design parameters. In addition, this study indicates that the aeroderivative gas turbines, in comparison to the heavy-duty industrial machines, have higher performance improvement due to inlet fogging effects. Plausible reasons for the observed trends are discussed. This paper represents the first systematic study on the effects of inlet fogging for a large number (a total of 67) of gas turbines available from the major gas turbine manufacturers.

Discovery of Antibacterial Agents Inhibiting the Energy-Coupling Factor (ECF) Transporters by Structure-Based Virtual Screening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Diamanti ◽  
Inda Setyawati ◽  
Spyridon Bousis ◽  
leticia mojas ◽  
lotteke Swier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Energy Coupling ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Screening Design ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vitamin Uptake

Here, we report on the virtual screening, design, synthesis and structure–activity relationships (SARs) of the first class of selective, antibacterial agents against the energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporters. The ECF transporters are a family of transmembrane proteins involved in the uptake of vitamins in a wide range of bacteria. Inhibition of the activity of these proteins could reduce the viability of pathogens that depend on vitamin uptake. Because of their central role in the metabolism of bacteria and their absence in humans, ECF transporters are novel potential antimicrobial targets to tackle infection. The hit compound’s metabolic and plasma stability, the potency (20, MIC Streptococcus pneumoniae = 2 µg/mL), the absence of cytotoxicity and a lack of resistance development under the conditions tested here suggest that this scaffold may represent a promising starting point for the development of novel antimicrobial agents with an unprecedented mechanism of action.<br>

scholarly journals Consumer Neuroscience Techniques in Advertising Research: A Bibliometric Citation Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1589
Author(s):  
Juan Sánchez-Fernández ◽  
Luis-Alberto Casado-Aranda ◽  
Ana-Belén Bastidas-Manzano
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Consumer Neuroscience ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Performance Analysis Tools

The limitations of self-report techniques (i.e., questionnaires or surveys) in measuring consumer response to advertising stimuli have necessitated more objective and accurate tools from the fields of neuroscience and psychology for the study of consumer behavior, resulting in the creation of consumer neuroscience. This recent marketing sub-field stems from a wide range of disciplines and applies multiple types of techniques to diverse advertising subdomains (e.g., advertising constructs, media elements, or prediction strategies). Due to its complex nature and continuous growth, this area of research calls for a clear understanding of its evolution, current scope, and potential domains in the field of advertising. Thus, this current research is among the first to apply a bibliometric approach to clarify the main research streams analyzing advertising persuasion using neuroimaging. Particularly, this paper combines a comprehensive review with performance analysis tools of 203 papers published between 1986 and 2019 in outlets indexed by the ISI Web of Science database. Our findings describe the research tools, journals, and themes that are worth considering in future research. The current study also provides an agenda for future research and therefore constitutes a starting point for advertising academics and professionals intending to use neuroimaging techniques.

Energy-minimization multiscale based mesoscale modeling and applications in gas-fluidized catalytic reactors

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 879-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bona Lu ◽  
Yan Niu ◽  
Feiguo Chen ◽  
Nouman Ahmad ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Minimization ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Mesoscale Modeling ◽  
Catalytic Reactors ◽  
Chemical Kinetic Model ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Gas-solid fluidization is intrinsically dynamic and manifests mesoscale structures spanning a wide range of length and timescales. When involved with reactions, more complex phenomena emerge and thus pose bigger challenges for modeling. As the mesoscale is critical to understand multiphase reactive flows, which the conventional two-fluid model without mesoscale modeling may be inadequate to resolve even using extremely fine grids, this review attempts to demonstrate that the energy-minimization multiscale (EMMS) model could be a starting point to develop such mesoscale modeling. Then, the EMMS-based mesoscale modeling with emphasis on formulation of drag coefficients for different fluidization regimes, modification of mass transfer coefficient, and other extensions are discussed in an attempt to resolve the emerging challenges. Its applications with examples of development of novel fluid catalytic cracking and methanol-to-olefins processes prove that the mesoscale modeling plays a remarkable role in improving the predictions in hydrodynamic behaviors and overall reaction rate. However, the product content primarily depends on the chemical kinetic model itself, suggesting the necessity of an effective coupling between chemical kinetics and flow characteristics. The mesoscale modeling can be believed to accelerate the traditional experimental-based scale-up process with much lower cost in the future.

scholarly journals Development of Permeability Models for Saturated Fluid Flow across Arrays of Fibre Clusters

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 096369350201100
Author(s):  
E.M. Gravel ◽  
T.D. Papathanasiou
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Models ◽  
Dual Porosity ◽  
Hydraulic Permeability ◽  
Fibrous Media ◽  
Fibre Bundles ◽  
Hexagonal Packing ◽  
Composites Manufacturing ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flow Through

Dual porosity fibrous media are important in a number of applications, ranging from bioreactor design and transport in living systems to composites manufacturing. In the present study we are concerned with the development of predictive models for the hydraulic permeability ( Kp) of various arrays of fibre bundles. For this we carry out extensive computations for viscous flow through arrays of fibre bundles using the Boundary Element Method (BEM) implemented on a multi-processor computer. Up to 350 individual filaments, arranged in square or hexagonal packing within bundles, which are also arranged in square of hexagonal packing, are included in each simulation. These are simple but not trivial models for fibrous preforms used in composites manufacturing – dual porosity systems characterised by different inter- and intra-tow porosities. The way these porosities affect the hydraulic permeability of such media is currently unknown and is elucidated through our simulations. Following numerical solution of the governing equations, ( Kp) is calculated from the computed flowrate through Darcy's law and is expressed as function of the inter- and intra-tow porosities (φ, φt) and of the filament radius ( Rf). Numerical results are also compared to analytical models. The latter form the starting point in the development of a dimensionless correlation for the permeability of such dual porosity media. It is found that the numerically computed permeabilities follow that correlation for a wide range of φ i, φt and Rf.

Axial Turbine Performance Evaluation. Part B—Optimization With and Without Constraints

1968 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. E. Balje´ ◽  
R. L. Binsley
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Strong Function ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leakage Area ◽  
Partial Admission ◽  
Specific Speed

The maximum obtainable efficiency and associated geometry have been calculated based on the use of generalized loss correlations from Part A and are presented for full and partial admission turbines over a wide range of specific speeds. The calculated effects of varying values of Reynolds number, tip clearance, and trailing edge thickness on turbine performance are presented. Because of the anticipated difficulty in fabricating some of the optimum geometries calculated, the effects of using nonoptimum values of geometric parameters on attainable efficiency have also been investigated. The derating factor for machine Reynolds number is shown to be a strong function of specific speed, varying from 0.96 at a specific speed of 100, to 0.6 at a specific speed of 3, when Reynolds number is 105 compared to a reference value of 106. The derating factor for tip clearance is shown to be similar to what would be expected if the clearance area were considered as a leakage area. The use of blade heights, blade numbers, rotor exit angles, and degrees of reaction varying from the optimum by 25 percent produce maximum derating factors of 0.99, 0.98, 0.985, and 0.97, respectively, when compared to full optimum values.

scholarly journals Combined Vapor Permeation and Continuous Solid-State Distillation for Energy-Efficient Bioethanol Production

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2266
Author(s):  
Hongshen Li ◽  
Hongrui Liu ◽  
Yufang Li ◽  
Jilin Nan ◽  
Chen Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Flow Sheet ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Rectification Column ◽  
Vapor Permeation ◽  
Wide Range

Extracting ethanol by steam directly from fermented solid-state bagasse is an emerging technology of energy-efficient bioethanol production. With continuous solid-state distillation (CSSD) approach, the vapor with more than 25 wt% ethanol flows out of the column. Conventionally, the vapor was concentrated to azeotrope by rectification column, which contributes most of the energy consumption in ethanol production. As an alternative, a process integrating CSSD and vapor permeation (VP) membrane separation was tested. In light of existing industrial application of NaA zeolite hydrophilic membrane for dehydration, the prospect of replacing rectification operation with hydrophobic membrane for ethanol enriching was mainly analyzed in this paper. The separation performance of a commercial PDMS/PVDF membrane in a wide range of ethanol–water-vapor binary mixture was evaluated in the experiment. The correlation of the separation factor and permeate flux at different transmembrane driving force was measured. The mass and energy flow sheet of proposed VP case and rectification case were estimated respectively with process simulation software based on experimental data. Techno-economic analysis on both cases was performed. The results demonstrated that the additional VP membrane cost was higher than the rectification column, but a lower utilities cost was required for VP. The discount payback period of supplementary cost for VP case was determined as 1.81 years compared with the membrane service lifetime of 3 years, indicating that the hybrid CSSD-VP process was more cost effective and energy efficient.

Multivariate design and analysis of aircraft HEX under multiple working conditions within flight envelope

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Qihang Liu ◽  
G.Q. Xu ◽  
Jie Wen ◽  
Yanchen Fu ◽  
Laihe Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Optimal Structure ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Common Weight

Abstract This paper presents a multi-condition design method for the aircraft heat exchanger (HEX), marking with light weight, compactness and wide range of working conditions. The quasi-traversal genetic algorithm (QT-GA) method is introduced to obtain the optimal values of five structural parameters including the height, the tube diameter, the tube pitch, and the tube rows. The QT-GA method solves the deficiency of the conventional GA in the convergence, and gives a clear correlation between design variables and outputs. Pressure drops, heat transfer and the weight of the HEX are combined in a single objective function of GA in the HEX design, thus the optimal structure of the HEX suitable for all the working conditions can be directly obtained. After optimization, the weight of the HEX is reduced to 2.250 kg, more than 20% lower than a common weight of around 3 kg. Based on the optimal structure, the off-design performance of the HEX is further analyzed. Results show that the extreme working conditions for the heat transfer and the pressure drops are not consistent. It proves the advance of the multi-condition design method over traditional single-condition design method. In general, the proposed QT-GA design method is an efficient way to solve the multi-condition problems related to the aircraft HEX or other energy systems.

Adopting SCAMPER`S Strategies to Incorporate the Sustainability Concepts Within Architectural Design Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Ali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Aesthetic

Thinking creatively, is a necessary condition of the Design process to transform ideas into novel solutions and break barriers to creativity. Although, there are many techniques and ways to stimulate creative thinking for designers, however, this research paper adopts SCAMPER; which is acronym of: Substitute- Combine-Adapt- Modify or Magnify-Put to another use-Eliminate-Reverse or Rearrange- to integrate the sustainability concepts within architectural design process. Many creative artifacts have been designed consciously or unconsciously adopting SCAMPER strategies such as rehabilitation and reuse projects to improve the functional performance or the aesthetic sense of an existing building for the better. SCAMPER is recognized as a divergent thinking tool are used during the initial ideation stage, aims to leave the usual way of thinking to generate a wide range of new ideas that will lead to new insights, original ideas, and creative solutions to problems. The research focuses on applying this method in the architectural design, which is rarely researched, through reviewing seven examples that have been designed consciously or unconsciously adopting SCAMPER mnemonic techniques. The paper aims to establish a starting point for further research to deepen it and study its potentials in solving architectural design problems.

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