Compliant Plate Seals: Testing and Validation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrishikesh V. Deo
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Aircraft Engines ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Leakage Test ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
Large Rotor

Compliant Plate Seals are being developed for various turbomachinery sealing applications including gas turbines, steam turbines, aircraft engines and oil & gas compressors. These seals consist of compliant plates attached to a stator in a circumferential fashion around the rotor. The compliant plates have a slot that extends radially inwards from the seal outer diameter, and an intermediate plate extends inwards into this slot from stator. This design is capable of providing passive hydrostatic feedback forces acting on the compliant plates that balance at a small tip–clearance. Due to this self–correcting behavior, this seal is capable of providing high differential pressure capability and low leakage within a limited axial span, and non-contact operation even in the presence of large rotor transients. In this paper, we have reported leakage test results for Compliant Plate Seals and visually demonstrated robust non-contact operation for different assembly clearances and interferences, stator deflections, high frequency rotor transients, different pressure conditions and rotational speeds.

Compliant Plate Seals: Design and Performance Simulations

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrishikesh V. Deo ◽  
Ajay Rao ◽  
Hemant Gedam
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Aircraft Engines ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Cfd Models ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Large Rotor

Compliant Plate Seals are being developed for various turbomachinery sealing applications including gas turbines, steam turbines, aircraft engines and oil & gas compressors. These seals consist of compliant plates attached to a stator in a circumferential fashion around a rotor. The compliant plates have a slot that extends radially inwards from the seal outer diameter, and an intermediate plate extends inwards into this slot from stator. This design is capable of providing passive hydrostatic feedback forces acting on the compliant plates that balance at a small tip–clearance. Due to this self–correcting behavior, this seal is capable of providing high differential pressure capability and low leakage within a limited axial span, and non–contact operation even in the presence of large rotor transients. CFD models have been developed to predict the leakage flow rates and hydrostatic lift and blowdown forces, and a design philosophy is proposed to predict the feedback phenomenon from the CFD results.

Side Weld and Bend Method of Manufacturing Compliant Plate Seals

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Adis ◽  
Michael Mack ◽  
Hrishikesh V. Deo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Aircraft Engines ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Differential Shrinkage ◽  
Large Rotor

Compliant Plate Seals are being developed for various turbomachinery sealing applications including gas turbines, steam turbines, aircraft engines and oil & gas compressors. These seals consist of compliant plates attached to a stator in a circumferential fashion around a rotor. The compliant plates have a slot that extends radially inwards from the seal outer diameter and an intermediate plate extends inwards into this slot from the stator. This design is capable of providing passive hydrostatic feedback forces acting on the compliant plates that balance at a small tip-clearance. Due to this self-correcting behavior, this seal is capable of providing high differential pressure capability and low leakage within a limited axial span, and robust non-contact operation even in the presence of large rotor transients. Manufacturing of Compliant Plate Seals is a challenging problem and in this paper, we describe the development of a novel manufacturing technique called Side Weld And Bend (SWAB). The compliant plates are tightly packed with alternating spacer shims in a straight line fixture and welded to a top-plate from the side along a straight line. After removal of the spacer shims, the welded assembly is bent to form an arcuate seal of a desired diameter. The Side Weld And Bend (SWAB) manufacturing method reduces distortion, deformity, differential shrinkage and other associated problems with welding across gaps between adjacent compliant plate seals as is typical in current manufacturing processes.

Side Weld and Bend Method of Manufacturing Compliant Plate Seals

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Adis ◽  
Michael Mack ◽  
Hrishikesh V. Deo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Differential Shrinkage ◽  
Large Rotor

Compliant plate seals are being developed for various turbomachinery sealing applications including gas turbines, steam turbines, aircraft engines, and oil and gas compressors. These seals consist of compliant plates attached to a stator in a circumferential fashion around a rotor. The compliant plates have a slot that extends radially inward from the seal outer diameter and an intermediate plate extends inward into this slot from the stator. This design is capable of providing passive hydrostatic feedback forces acting on the compliant plates that balance at a small tip clearance. Due to this self-correcting behavior, this seal is capable of providing high differential pressure capability and low leakage within a limited axial span, and robust noncontact operation even in the presence of large rotor transients. Manufacturing of compliant plate seals is a challenging problem and in this paper we describe the development of a novel manufacturing technique called side weld and bend (SWAB). The compliant plates are tightly packed with alternating spacer shims in a straight line fixture and welded to a top plate from the side along a straight line. After removal of the spacer shims, the welded assembly is bent to form an arcuate seal of a desired diameter. The side weld and bend (SWAB) manufacturing method reduces distortion, deformity, differential shrinkage, and other associated problems with welding across gaps between adjacent compliant plate seals as is typical in current manufacturing processes.

Static Testing of Compliant Plate Seals

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrishikesh V. Deo ◽  
Deepak Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
The Impact

Self–correcting Compliant Plate Seals are being developed for various turbomachinery sealing applications including gas turbines, steam turbines, aircraft engines and oil & gas compressors. These seals consist of compliant plates attached to a stator in a circumferential fashion around the rotor. The compliant plates have a slot that extends radially inwards from the seal outer diameter, and an intermediate plate extends inwards into this slot from stator. This design is capable of providing passive hydrostatic feedback forces acting on the compliant plates that balance at a small tip–clearance. Due to this self–correcting behavior, this seal is capable of providing high differential pressure capability and low leakage within a limited axial span, and robust non–contact operation even in the presence of large rotor transients. In this paper we have described the testing of Compliant Plate Seals in a static leakage test rig (“shoebox” rig) to study the impact of different design parameters on leakage and vibration. A novel high–speed visualization set–up is described and the high–speed videos demonstrate robust non–contact operation for different assembly clearances, bridge–gaps and bridge–heights, for various differential pressure and pressure ratio conditions. The reported leakage results indicate that the leakage is relatively insensitive to assembly clearances due to the self–correcting behavior.

Compliant Plate Seals for Turbomachinery Applications

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrishikesh V. Deo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Blow Down ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Cfd Models ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
Large Rotor

In this paper, a novel GE Compliant Plate Seal is proposed that consists of compliant plates attached to a stator in a circumferential fashion around a rotor. The compliant plates have a slot that extends radially inwards from the seal outer diameter, and an intermediate plate extends inwards into this slot from stator. This design is capable of providing passive hydrostatic feedback forces acting on the compliant plates that balance at a small tip-clearance. When the tip-clearance reduces below the equilibrium clearance, the hydrostatic lift forces cause the compliant plates to lift away from the rotor. Conversely when the tip-clearance increases above the equilibrium clearance, the hydrostatic blowdown forces cause the compliant plates to blow down towards the rotor. Due to this self-correcting behavior, this seal is capable of providing high differential pressure capability and low leakage within a limited axial span, and non-contact operation even in the presence of large rotor transients. Simplified CFD models have been developed to predict the leakage flow rates and hydrostatic lift and blowdown forces, and a design philosophy is proposed to predict the feedback phenomenon from the CFD models. The proposed models are validated and self-correcting behavior is demonstrated through experimental testing.

Progressive Clearance Labyrinth Seal for Turbo-Machinery Applications

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binayak Roy ◽  
Hrishikesh V. Deo ◽  
Xiaoqing Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Labyrinth Seal ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Labyrinth Seals ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Transients ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
Packing Ring ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Large Rotor

Turbomachinery sealing is a challenging problem due to the varying clearances caused by thermal transients, vibrations, bearing lift-off etc. Leakage reduction has significant benefits in improving engine efficiency and reducing emissions. Conventional labyrinth seals have to be assembled with large clearances to avoid rubbing during large rotor transients. This results in large leakage and lower efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel Progressive Clearance Labyrinth Seal that is capable of providing passive fluidic feedback forces that balance at a small tip-clearance. A modified packing ring is supported on flexures and employs progressively tighter teeth from the upstream to the downstream direction. When the tip-clearance reduces below the equilibrium clearance, fluidic feedback forces cause the packing ring to open. Conversely, when the tip-clearance increases above the equilibrium clearance, the fluidic feedback forces cause the packing ring to close. Due to this self-correcting behavior, the seal provides high differential pressure capability, low leakage and non-contact operation even in the presence of large rotor transients. Theoretical models for the feedback phenomenon have been developed and validated by experimental results.

scholarly journals Designing and Testing Cold-Formed Rounded Connections Made on a Prototype Station

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Rejek ◽  
Nikodem Wróbel ◽  
Jolanta Królczyk ◽  
Grzegorz Królczyk
Keyword(s):  
Strength Test ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Tensile Strength Test ◽  
Leakage Test ◽  
Fea Simulation ◽  
Forming Tools ◽  
Non Destructive

This paper presents the design of cold-formed rounded connections between a tube and a connecting block and the analysis of test results that were carried out with six fabricated samples. The joints manufactured on a specially designed prototype station were made by forming tools that were adjusted to connecting elements regarding the diameter and the shape. All of the samples prepared for this study were of the same diameters relating to the diameter of a hole in a connecting block and the outer diameter of a pipe flange. However, they were different concerning the height of the connecting block flange. The article presents features of joints that were manufactured with a designed forming tool on the prototype station. The achieved connections were examined in destructive testing (Micrography, Tensile Strength Test) and in non-destructive testing (Leakage Test). The research project aims were to state the differences in energy consumption of made connections and extend the concept of cold-formed rounded connections. Furthermore, this article presents the effects of FEA simulation of the cold-formed joint based on the results of destructive and non-destructive tests.

Defects and Fracture Strength of Large Rotor Forgings for Steam Turbines

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kumeno ◽  
M. Nishimura ◽  
K. Mitsuda ◽  
T. Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crack Growth Rate ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Large Rotor

Engineering criterion for brittle fracture of turbine rotors has been established based on the fracture mechanics and test results of fracture toughness and crack growth rate. From two typical large rotor forgings which contain defects in the region of center bore, the reliable KIC data and crack growth rate data were obtained by various types of test specimens. The strength evaluation method of the rotor in the presence of defects has been completed as a form of allowable flaw size diagrams considering the loading conditions in service life of steam turbines.

Modified Earpieces and CROS for High Frequency Hearing Losses

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Dodds ◽  
Earl Harford
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Test Results ◽  
High Frequency Hearing Loss ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Difficult Cases

Persons with a high frequency hearing loss are difficult cases for whom to find suitable amplification. We have experienced some success with this problem in our Hearing Clinics using a specially designed earmold with a hearing aid. Thirty-five cases with high frequency hearing losses were selected from our clinical files for analysis of test results using standard, vented, and open earpieces. A statistical analysis of test results revealed that PB scores in sound field, using an average conversational intensity level (70 dB SPL), were enhanced when utilizing any one of the three earmolds. This result was due undoubtedly to increased sensitivity provided by the hearing aid. Only the open earmold used with a CROS hearing aid resulted in a significant improvement in discrimination when compared with the group’s unaided PB score under earphones or when comparing inter-earmold scores. These findings suggest that the inclusion of the open earmold with a CROS aid in the audiologist’s armamentarium should increase his flexibility in selecting hearing aids for persons with a high frequency hearing loss.

High Frequency Vibration Analysis of Automotive Body Panels with Damping Materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 293-296
Author(s):  
Yoshio Kurosawa ◽  
Takao Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Viscoelastic Damping ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Automotive Body ◽  
Modal Damping ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Damping Materials

We have developed a technique for estimating vibrations of an automotive body structures with viscoelastic damping materials using large-scale finite element (FE) model, which will enable us to grasp and to reduce high-frequency road noise（200～500Hz）. In the new technique, first order solutions for modal loss factors are derived applying asymptotic method. This method saves calculation time to estimate modal damping as a practical tool in the design stages of the body structures. Frequency responses were calculated using this technique and the results almost agreed with the test results. This technique can show the effect of the viscoelastic damping materials on the automotive body panels, and it enables the more efficient layout of the viscoelastic damping materials. Further, we clarified damping properties of the automotive body structures under coupled vibration between frames and panels with the viscoelastic damping materials.

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