Development of an Advanced Microturbine System Using Humid Air Turbine Cycle

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Dodo ◽  
Susumu Nakano ◽  
Tomoaki Inoue ◽  
Masaya Ichinose ◽  
Manabu Yagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Load Tests

A prototype machine for a next generation microturbine system applying a simple humid air turbine system (design target of electrical output: 150 kW, electrical efficiency: 35% LHV) was developed for its laboratory evaluation. A low NOx combustor which applied a lean-lean zone combustion concept and water lubricated bearings were developed for the prototype machine. Operation using two water lines for the humid air turbine (HAT) was proposed as an effective way to obtain rated electric output to ambient temperature of 40 deg C. Tests for the main components were done successfully. Motoring tests, full speed test with no load, 50% load and 70% load tests as preliminary tests for rated load tests were also carried out successfully. Low NOx emission of 7.6 ppm and high efficiency of 95.6% for the power conversion system were achieved in the partial load tests. At the first rated load test without HAT and Water atomizing inlet air cooling (WAC) that followed those partial load tests, 150.3 kW electric output with electrical efficiency of 32% was obtained.

Development of a 150kW Microturbine System Which Applies the Humid Air Turbine Cycle

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Nakano ◽  
Tadaharu Kishibe ◽  
Hidefumi Araki ◽  
Manabu Yagi ◽  
Kuniyoshi Tsubouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Electrical Output

A prototype machine for a next generation microturbine system incorporating a simplified humid air turbine cycle has been developed for laboratory evaluation. Design targets of electrical output were 150 kW and of electrical efficiency, 35% LHV. The main feature of this microturbine system was utilization of water for improved electrical output, as lubricant for bearings and as coolant for the cooling system of the generator and the power conversion system Design specifications without WAC (Water Atomizing inlet air Cooling) and HAT (Humid Air Turbine) were rated output of 129 kW and efficiency of 32.5% LHV. Performance tests without WAC and HAT were done successfully. Electrical output of 135 kW with an efficiency of more than 33% was obtained in the rated load test. Operation tests for WAC and HAT were carried out under the partial load condition as preliminary tests. Water flow rates of WAC were about 0.43 weight % of inlet air flow rate of the compressor and of HAT, about 2.0 weight %. Effects of WAC and HAT were promptly reflected on electrical output power. Electrical outputs were increased 6 kW by WAC and 11kW by HAT, and efficiencies were increased 1.0 pt % by WAC and 2.0 pt % by HAT. Results of WAC and HAT performance tests showed significant effects on the electrical efficiency with an increase of 3.0 point % and electrical output with an increase of 20% by supplying just 2.4 weight % water as the inlet air flow rate of the compressor.

scholarly journals An Advanced Microturbine System with Water-Lubricated Bearings

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Nakano ◽  
Tadaharu Kishibe ◽  
Tomoaki Inoue ◽  
Hiroyuki Shiraiwa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Operation Test ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Electrical Output

A prototype of the next-generation, high-performance microturbine system was developed for laboratory evaluation. Its unique feature is its utilization of water. Water is the lubricant for the bearings in this first reported application of water-lubricated bearings in gas turbines. Bearing losses and limitations under usage conditions were found from component tests done on the bearings and load tests done on the prototype microturbine. The rotor system using the water-lubricated bearings achieved stable rotating conditions at a rated rotational speed of 51,000 rpm. An electrical output of 135 kW with an efficiency of more than 33% was obtained. Water was also utilized to improve electrical output and efficiency through water atomizing inlet air cooling (WAC) and a humid air turbine (HAT). The operation test results for the WAC and HAT revealed the WAC and HAT operations had significant effects on both electrical output and electrical efficiency.

Three Spool High Efficiency Small Scale Gas Turbine Concept

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Malkamäki ◽  
Ahti Jaatinen-Värri ◽  
Antti Uusitalo ◽  
Aki Grönman ◽  
Juha Honkatukia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Reciprocating Engines

Decentralized electricity and heat production is a rising trend in small-scale industry. There is a tendency towards more distributed power generation. The decentralized power generation is also pushed forward by the policymakers. Reciprocating engines and gas turbines have an essential role in the global decentralized energy markets and improvements in their electrical efficiency have a substantial impact from the environmental and economic viewpoints. This paper introduces an intercooled and recuperated three stage, three-shaft gas turbine concept in 850 kW electric output range. The gas turbine is optimized for a realistic combination of the turbomachinery efficiencies, the turbine inlet temperature, the compressor specific speeds, the recuperation rate and the pressure ratio. The new gas turbine design is a natural development of the earlier two-spool gas turbine construction and it competes with the efficiencies achieved both with similar size reciprocating engines and large industrial gas turbines used in heat and power generation all over the world and manufactured in large production series. This paper presents a small-scale gas turbine process, which has a simulated electrical efficiency of 48% as well as thermal efficiency of 51% and can compete with reciprocating engines in terms of electrical efficiency at nominal and partial load conditions.

Design Study of a Humidification Tower for the Advanced Humid Air Turbine System

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidefumi Araki ◽  
Shinichi Higuchi ◽  
Shinya Marushima ◽  
Shigeo Hatamiya
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Water Atomization ◽  
Air Cooler ◽  
Compressor Work

The AHAT (advanced humid air turbine) system, which can be equipped with a heavy-duty, single-shaft gas turbine, aims at high efficiency equal to that of the HAT system. Instead of an intercooler, a WAC (water atomization cooling) system is used to reduce compressor work. The characteristics of a humidification tower (a saturator), which is used as a humidifier for the AHAT system, were studied. The required packing height and the exit water temperature from the humidification tower were analyzed for five virtual gas turbine systems with different capacities (1MW, 3.2MW, 10MW, 32MW and 100MW) and pressure ratios (π = 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24). Thermal efficiency of the system was compared with that of a simple cycle and a recuperative cycle with and without the WAC system. When the packing height of the humidification tower was changed, the required size varied for the three heat exchangers around the humidification tower (a recuperator, an economizer and an air cooler). The packing height with which the sum total of the size of the packing and these heat exchangers became a minimum was 1m for the lowest pressure ratio case, and 6m for the highest pressure ratio case.

Rotating bending load tests of wheels. Methodological errors

Trudy NAMI ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
V. G. Chelnokov ◽  
B. V. Savel'ev
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
Methodological Errors ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Rotating Bending ◽  
Design Characteristics

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Wheels are components that ensure the safety of vehicles. One of the main ways to test the fatigue strength of wheels is a rotating bending load test. The methodology of these tests, regulated by international and national regulatory documents, allows an indirect method for measuring the normalized force effect on the wheels, in which there are always risks of methodological errors.The purpose of the study was to identify potential sources of methodological errors when testing wheels in the bending-rotating mode.Methodology and research methods. Analytical research methods from the field of practical vibration theory were used in the article, considering the critical state of rotating shafts and rotors. Scientific novelty and results. The sources of potential methodological errors and their relationship with the design characteristics of the bench equipment and the wheel itself were determined.Practical significance. Practical recommendations have been given on the change and control of the stand components design characteristics aimed at minimizing errors. The high-speed test modes were determined, in which the error of the test effect on the wheel did not go beyond the normative limits.

System Optimization of Humid Air Turbine Cycle

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhan Xiao ◽  
Rumou Lin ◽  
Ruixian Cai
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Air Turbine

The humid air turbine (HAT) cycle, proposed by Mori et al. and recently developed by Rao et al. at Flour Daniel, has been identified as a promising way to generate electric power at high efficiency, low cost and simple system relative to combined cycle and steam injection gas turbine cycle. It has aroused considerable interest. Thermodynamic means, such as intercooling, regeneration, heat recovery at low temperature and especially non-isothermal vaporisation by multi-phase and multi-component, are adopted in HAT cycle to reduce the external and internal exergy losses relative to the energy conversion system. In addition to the parameter analysis and the technical aspect of HAT cycle, there is also a strong need for “systems” research to identify the best ways, of configuring HAT cycle to integrate all the thermodynamic advantages more efficiently to achieve high performance. The key units in HAT cycle are analyzed thermodynamically and modelled in this paper. The superstructure containing all potentially highly efficient flowsheeting alternatives is also proposed. The system optimization of the HAT cycle is thus represented by a nonlinear programming problem. The problem is solved automatically by a successive quadratic algorithm to select the optimal configuration and optimal design parameters for the HAT cycle. The results have shown that the configuration of the HAT cycle currently adopted is not optimal for efficiency and/or specific power, and the current pressure ratio are too high to be favorable for highest performance. Based on the current technical practice, the optimal flowsheeting for thermal efficiency can reach 60.33% when TIT=1533K, while the optimal flowsheeting for specific power can achieve 1300kW/kg/s air for TIT at 1533K. The optimal flowsheeting configuration is compared favorably with the other existing ones.

scholarly journals Is There a Future for Small-Scale Cogeneration in Europe? Economic and Policy Analysis of the Internal Combustion Engine, Micro Gas Turbine and Micro Humid Air Turbine Cycles

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Montero Carrero ◽  
Irene Rodríguez Sánchez ◽  
Ward De Paepe ◽  
Alessandro Parente ◽  
Francesco Contino
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Air Turbine

If more widely deployed, small-scale cogeneration could increase energy efficiency in Europe. Of the two main commercially available technologies—the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and the micro Gas Turbine (mGT)—the ICE dominates the market due to its higher electrical efficiency. However, by transforming the mGT into a micro Humid Air Turbine (mHAT), the electrical efficiency of this cycle can increase, thus enhancing its operational flexibility. This paper presents an in-depth policy and economic assessment of the the ICE, mGT and mHAT technologies for dwellings based in Spain, France and Belgium. The hourly demands of average households, the market conditions and the subsidies applicable in each region are considered. The aim is twofold: to evaluate the profitability of the technologies and to assess the cogeneration policies in place. The results show that only the ICE in Brussels is economically viable, despite all units providing positive energy savings in all locations (except mHAT in Spain). Of the three different green certificate schemes offered in Belgium, Brussels is the one leading to the best outcome. Spain awards both capital and operational helps, although auto-consumption is not valued. The same applies to the complex French feed-in tariff. Conclusively, with the current policies, investing in small-scale cogeneration is in general not attractive and its potential efficiency gains remain unveiled.

Performance Analysis of a Humid Air Turbine Cycle With an Aero-Derivative Gas Turbine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwei Chen ◽  
Di Huang ◽  
Huisheng Zhang ◽  
Shilie Weng
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Saturation Curve ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Air Turbine

Nowadays, the issues of the energy and environment become more and more serious with the demand of energy increasing drastically. The advanced gas turbine cycles provide the opportunities to solve these issues. Humid air turbine (HAT) cycle, which is one of the most promising cycles with high efficiency, low emissions and low unit investment costs, is a prominent representation of the advanced gas turbine cycles. In this paper, an aero-derivative three-shaft gas turbine was converted to the HAT cycle. The aero-derivative is one of the most efficient simple cycles, whose system efficiency can reach 40%. And it is an effective solution to transform the advanced technology from the aeronautical filed to the industrial application. In order to investigate the performance of the HAT cycle, the saturator model was established based on the saturation curve and the saturator working line. Additionally, it was validated that the saturator model was consistent with the steady state experimental results very well. The maximum error of the outlet air temperature is less than 0.8% and the maximum error of the outlet air humidity is less than 1.9%. Three different HAT cycle systems were designed and simulated on the MATLAB platform. The thermodynamic performance of the three HAT systems on the design point shows that case 2 is the better one, which means that the aftercooler does not have obvious benefits for system performance and NOx emissions. Then, the effects of the ambient temperature on the case 2 and simple cycle were investigated. The results show that the HAT cycle has the more favorable off-design performance than the simple cycle when the ambient temperature is changed.

Transient Simulations of a T100 Micro Gas Turbine Converted Into a Micro Humid Air Turbine

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Montero Carrero ◽  
Mario Luigi Ferrari ◽  
Ward De Paepe ◽  
Alessandro Parente ◽  
Svend Bram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Static Performance

Micro Gas Turbines (mGTs) have arisen as a promising technology for Combined Heat and Power (CHP) thanks to their overall energy efficiencies of 80% (30% electrical + 50% thermal) and the advantages they offer with respect to internal combustion engines. The main limitation of mGTs lies in their rather low electrical efficiency: whenever there is no heat demand, the exhaust gases are directly blown off and the efficiency of the unit is reduced to 30%. Operation in such conditions is generally not economical and can eventually lead to shutdown of the machine. To address this issue, the mGT cycle can be modified so that in moments of low heat demand the heat in the exhaust gases is used to warm up water which is then re-injected in the cycle, thereby increasing the electrical efficiency. The introduction of a saturation tower allows for water injection in mGTs: the resulting cycle is known as a micro Humid Air Turbine (mHAT). The static performance of the mGT Turbec T100 working as an mHAT has been characterised through previous numerical and experimental work at Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB). However, the dynamic behaviour of such a complex system is key to protect the components during transient operation. Thus, we have modelled the Turbec T100 mHAT with the TRANSEO tool in order to simulate how the cycle performs when the demanded power output fluctuates. Steady-state results showed that when operating with water injection, the electrical efficiency of the unit is incremented by 3.4% absolute. The transient analysis revealed that power increase ramps higher than 4.2 kW/s or power decrease ramps lower than 3.5 kW/s (absolute value) lead to oscillations which enter the unstable operation region of the compressor. Since power ramps in the controller of the Turbec T100 mGT are limited to 2kW/s, it should be safe to vary the power output of the T100 mHAT when operating with water injection.

Modeling and Simulation of Saturator Temperature Control in Humid Air Turbine Cycle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Huang ◽  
T. T. Wei ◽  
H. C. Han ◽  
D. J. Zhou ◽  
H. S. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Important Position

Humid Air Turbine (HAT) cycle is one of the most advanced gas turbine cycles in the world. It has drawn great attention due to its high efficiency and good environmental compatibility. The saturator is the key component in the HAT cycle, which utilizes liquid water to humidify compressed air to improve the system performance and make it possible to recover low temperature waste heat in the HAT cycle system. Therefore, saturator temperature control occupies very important position in HAT cycle, and it is essential to study the control logic in saturator. Saturator temperature control is a control strategy that adjusts the water flow rate to fit the designed temperature. In this paper, the HAT cycle test rig of Shanghai Jiao Tong University is taken as research object and a complete HAT cycle model using global heat and mass transfer coefficient is built to analyze the influence of saturator temperature control on both steady-state and dynamic performance of HAT cycle system. The system efficiency increases by 0.071% after considering saturator temperature control on 75% load. The dynamic response of output power changes little, while the saturator component can achieve stable faster. The research in this paper can lay the foundation for operation and control of the HAT cycle demonstration plants.

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