First Assessment of Biogas Co-Firing on the GE MS9001FA Gas Turbine Using CFD

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lycklama a` Nijeholt ◽  
E. M. J. Komen ◽  
A. J. L. Verhage ◽  
M. C. van Beek
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
The Impact

Replacement of fossil fuel by biomass-derived fuel is currently under study in the Netherlands within the context of CO2 -neutral electricity production. In view of this, co-firing biogas in the natural-gas fired Eems gas turbine power plant is being considered. This would entail extension of the power station with a biomass gasification plant for the production of biogas. The main unit of the Electrabel Eemshaven Power Station consists of five GE MS9001FA-gas turbines. A target is to replace up to 13% of natural gas consumption by biogas. The objective of the current project was to determine the impact of co-firing on the flame behavior. Therefore various options for biogas co-firing using combinations of pilot and premix burners have been studied. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of the combustion process using a geometrical model of the complete combustion chamber have been performed. The flow conditions at the premix burner outlets were determined with a separate, detailed CFD model of the burner, simulating the fuel-air mixing with the required high accuracy. Advanced combustion modeling with help of the detailed GRI 3.0-reaction mechanism was used, as well as simpler models for fast chemical kinetics. A method was devised for calibrating the applied combustion models. Various firing strategies involving the premix and pilot burners were analyzed. Safe ranges for biogas co-firing have been determined in this first feasibility study.

Combustion of Natural Gas, Hydrogen and Bio-Fuels at Ultra-Wet Conditions

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Go¨ke ◽  
Steffen Terhaar ◽  
Sebastian Schimek ◽  
Katharina Go¨ckeler ◽  
Christian O. Paschereit
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Steam Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Flame Flashback

Humidified Gas Turbines promise a significant increase in efficiency compared to the dry gas turbine cycle. In single cycle applications, efficiencies up to 60% seem possible with humidified turbines. Additionally, the steam effectively inhibits the formation of NOx emissions and also allows for operating the gas turbine on hydrogen-rich fuels. The current study is conducted within the European Advanced Grant Research Project GREENEST. The premixed combustion at ultra wet conditions is investigated for natural gas, hydrogen, and mixtures of both fuels, covering lower heating values between 27 MJ/kg and 120 MJ/kg. In addition to the experiments, the combustion process is also examined numerically. The flow field and the fuel-air mixing of the burner were investigated in a water tunnel using Particle Image Velocimetry and Laser Induced Fluorescence. Gas-fired tests were conducted at atmospheric pressure, inlet temperatures between 200°C and 370°C, and degrees of humidity from 0% to 50%. Steam efficiently inhibits the formation of NOx emissions. For all tested fuels, both NOx and CO emissions of below 10 ppm were measured up to near-stoichiometric gas composition at wet conditions. Operation on pure hydrogen is possible up to very high degrees of humidity, but even a relatively low steam content prevents flame flashback. Increasing hydrogen content leads to a more compact flame, which is anchored closer to the burner outlet, while increasing steam content moves the flame downstream and increases the flame volume. In addition to the experiments, the combustion process was modeled using a reactor network. The predicted NOx and CO emission levels agree well with the experimental results over a wide range of temperatures, steam content, and fuel composition.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Thermodynamic Analysis of the Humphrey Cycle for Gas Turbines with Pressure Gain Combustion

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Stathopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pressure Gain Combustion ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Secondary Air ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Conventional gas turbines are approaching their efficiency limits and performance gains are becoming increasingly difficult to achieve. Pressure Gain Combustion (PGC) has emerged as a very promising technology in this respect, due to the higher thermal efficiency of the respective ideal gas turbine thermodynamic cycles. Up to date, only very simplified models of open cycle gas turbines with pressure gain combustion have been considered. However, the integration of a fundamentally different combustion technology will be inherently connected with additional losses. Entropy generation in the combustion process, combustor inlet pressure loss (a central issue for pressure gain combustors), and the impact of PGC on the secondary air system (especially blade cooling) are all very important parameters that have been neglected. The current work uses the Humphrey cycle in an attempt to address all these issues in order to provide gas turbine component designers with benchmark efficiency values for individual components of gas turbines with PGC. The analysis concludes with some recommendations for the best strategy to integrate turbine expanders with PGC combustors. This is done from a purely thermodynamic point of view, again with the goal to deliver design benchmark values for a more realistic interpretation of the cycle.

Passive Control of Combustion Instability in a Low Emissions Aeroderivative Gas Turbine

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Scarinci ◽  
Christopher Freeman ◽  
Ivor Day
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Passive Control ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Air Mixing

This paper describes the conceptual ideas, the theoretical validation, the laboratory testing and the field trials of a recently patented fuel-air mixing device for use in high-pressure ratio, low emissions, gaseous-fueled gas turbines. By making the fuel-air mixing process insensitive to pressure fluctuations in the combustion chamber, it is possible to avoid the common problem of positive feedback between mixture strength and the unsteady combustion process. More specifically, a mixing duct has been designed such that fuel-air ratio fluctuations over a wide range of frequencies can be damped out by passive design means. By scaling the design in such a way that the range of damped frequencies covers the frequency spectrum of the acoustic modes in the combustor, the instability mechanism can be removed. After systematic development, this design philosophy was successfully applied to a 35:1 pressure ratio aeroderivative gas turbine yielding very low noise levels and very competitive NOx and CO measurements. The development of the new premixer is described from conceptual origins through analytic and CFD evaluation to laboratory testing and final field trials. Also included in this paper are comments about the practical issues of mixing, flashback resistance and autoignition.

Use of DME as a Gas Turbine Fuel

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Basu ◽  
Mike Gradassi ◽  
Ron Sills ◽  
Theo Fleisch ◽  
Raj Puri
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Power Development ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

A new, ultra-clean fuel for gas turbines — a blend consisting primarily of dimethyl ether (DME) with lesser amounts of methanol and water — has been identified by BP. This fuel, containing no metals, sulfur or aromatics, burns like natural gas and it can be handled like LPG. The turbine-grade DME fuel can be manufactured from natural gas, coal and other hydrocarbon or biomass feedstocks. High-purity DME, manufactured from methanol, is currently used as an aerosol propellant due to its environmentally benign characteristics. Fuel-grade DME is used commercially as a LPG-substitute in China. BP initiated key programs to test various fuel mixtures containing DME in General Electric test combustors with equivalent electricity production of nearly 16 MW. Later, BP collaborated with EPDC (Electric Power Development Corporation, Japan) to conduct additional follow-up tests. These tests show that DME is an excellent gas turbine fuel with emissions properties comparable to natural gas. BP is currently working with the Indian Oil Corporation (IOCL), the Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) and the Indian Institute of Petroleum to evaluate the potential of DME as a multi-purpose fuel for India. In June 2000, the India Ministry of Power issued a notification permitting the use of DME as a fuel for power generation subject to its meeting all the environmental and pollution regulations. This paper presents key gas turbine combustor test results and discusses how DME can be used as a fuel in gas turbines.

Analysis of the Biomass Integrated Combined Cycles With Two Different Structures of Gas Turbines

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Lepszy ◽  
Tadeusz Chmielniak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
The Impact

Biomass integrated gasification combined cycles (BIGCC) are an interesting solution for electricity production. In relation to other biomass conversion technologies, BIGCC is characterized by relative high energy efficiency. For the sake of high complexity of such systems, one of crucial tasks is evaluation and comparison of the different technological structures of BIGCC. The article shows models and results of simulations of gas steam cycles integrated with biomass gasification. All models and simulations are preformed with Aspen Plus computer program. In the paper the main comparison is made between systems with simple gas turbine and gas turbine with regeneration. Simple gas turbine model based on LM2500 gas turbine parameters, Mercury 50 gas turbine parameters are used for model of gas turbine with regeneration. The model of gas generator consists of two equilibrium reactors. The use of two reactors led to more precise simulations of the flue gas composition, than the model with one reactor. Systems used for study include low-temperature gas cleaning system. Steam cycle consists of 1-pressure heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and a condensing steam turbine. The main results of the work are: comparison of energy efficiency between system with gas turbine with regeneration and simple gas turbine, sensitive analysis of the impact of pressure in HRSG on energy efficiency, comparison of energy efficiency and heat and mass streams for different configurations of heat exchangers.

Influence of Variations in the Natural Gas Properties on the Combustion Process in Terms of Emissions and Pulsations for a Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars O. Nord ◽  
Helmer G. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Combustion Noise ◽  
Combustion Instabilities ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Gas Properties

The natural gas supply can vary significantly on a day-to-day or even hour-to-hour basis for a power plant equipped with gas turbines. The influence of such variations could potentially have an adverse effect on the combustion process in terms of emissions and acoustic pulsations, even if the fuel properties are within the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) guidelines. Since the operation of a gas turbine typically requires steady emissions within the air permit as well as low pulsations to limit mechanical damage on the unit, fuel variations could significantly affect how the unit can be operated. To investigate this matter, data from an ALSTOM GT11N1 gas turbine was collected and studied during a 6-month period. The data acquired included on-line gas chromatograph readings, frequency-analyzed combustion instabilities, various process data, as well as ambient conditions. The collected data shows the magnitude of the changes in the emissions and combustion noise with changes in the fuel. The conclusion is that normal day-to-day variations in the natural gas properties do not have a significant effect on the emissions and combustion instabilities; however, larger sudden changes, as exemplified in the paper, could lead to considerable changes in the combustion behavior of the unit.

scholarly journals Impact of Ethane and Propane Variation in Natural Gas on the Performance of a Model Gas Turbine Combustor

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Flores ◽  
V. G. McDonell ◽  
G. S. Samuelsen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Present System ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Gas Fuel ◽  
Model Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
The Impact

In the area of stationary power generation, there exists a growing interest in understanding the role that gaseous fuel composition plays on the performance of natural gas-fired gas turbine systems. In this study, an atmospherically fired model gas turbine combustor with a fuel flexible fuel/air premixer is employed to investigate the impact of significant amounts of ethane and propane addition into a baseline natural gas fuel supply. The impacts of these various fuel compositions, in terms of the emissions of NOx and CO, and the coupled impact of the degree of fuel/air mixing, are captured explicitly for the present system by means of a statistically oriented testing methodology. These explicit expressions are also compared to emissions maps that encompass and expand beyond the statistically based test matrix to verify the validity of the employed statistical approach.

The Employment of Hydrogenerated Fuels From Natural Gas Reforming: Gas Turbine and Combustion Analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Bozza ◽  
Maria Cristina Cameretti ◽  
Raffaele Tuccillo
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Natural Gas Reforming

An integrated method for power plant analysis, including rotating component matching and CFD simulation of the combustion process, is applied to the study of gas turbines supplied with hydrogenated fuels originating from the natural gas reforming. The method proposed by the authors allows estimation of the power plant performance and emission in the gas turbine operating range. A comparison is then carried out between the plant behavior with conventional fuelling and with decarbonised fuel supply. Attention is also paid to the study of the combustion regimes with either natural gas or fuels with increasing hydrogen contents, in order to achieve a realistic insight of both the temperature distributions and the growth of nitric oxides throughout the combustion chamber.

The Employment of Hydrogenated Fuels From Natural Gas Reforming: Gas Turbine and Combustion Analysis

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Bozza ◽  
Maria Cristina Cameretti ◽  
Raffaele Tuccillo
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Natural Gas Reforming

An integrated method for power plant analysis, including rotating component matching and CFD simulation of the combustion process, is applied to the study of gas turbines supplied with hydrogenated fuels originating from the natural gas reforming. The method proposed by the authors allows estimation of the power plant performance and emission in the gas turbine operating range. A comparison is then carried out between the plant behaviour with conventional fuelling and with decarbonised fuel supply. Attention is also paid to the study of the combustion regimes with either natural gas or fuels with increasing hydrogen contents, in order to achieve a realistic insight of both the temperature distributions and the growth of nitric oxides throughout the combustion chamber.

Decarbonizing Power Generation Through the Use of Hydrogen As a Gas Turbine Fuel

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Welch
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The power generation industry has a major role to play in reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, and carbon dioxide (CO2) in particular. There are two ways to reduce CO2 emissions from power generation: improved conversion efficiency of fuel into electrical energy, and switching to lower carbon content fuels. Gas turbine generator sets, whether in open cycle, combined cycle or cogeneration configuration, offer some of the highest efficiencies possible across a wide range of power outputs. With natural gas, the fossil fuel with the lowest carbon content, as the primary fuel, they produce among the lowest CO2 emissions per kWh generated. It is possible though to decarbonize power generation further by using the fuel flexibility of the gas turbine to fully or partially displace natural gas used with hydrogen. As hydrogen is a zero carbon fuel, it offers the opportunity for gas turbines to produce zero carbon electricity. As an energy carrier, hydrogen is an ideal candidate for long-term or seasonal storage of renewable energy, while the gas turbine is an enabler for a zero carbon power generation economy. Hydrogen, while the most abundant element in the Universe, does not exist in its elemental state in nature, and producing hydrogen is an energy-intensive process. This paper looks at the different methods by which hydrogen can be produced, the impact on CO2 emissions from power generation by using pure hydrogen or hydrogen/natural gas blends, and how the economics of power generation using hydrogen compare with today’s state of the art technologies and carbon capture. This paper also addresses the issues surrounding the combustion of hydrogen in gas turbines, historical experience of gas turbines operating on high hydrogen fuels, and examines future developments to optimize combustion emissions.

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