Incremental Cost of CO2 Reduction in Power Plants

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram G. Narula ◽  
Harvey Wen ◽  
Kenneth Himes
Keyword(s):  
Incremental Cost ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil-fueled power plants contribute to more than one-third of all CO2 emissions in the U.S. [1]. Any effort to curtail greenhouse gases should therefore include the reduction of this emission source. Methods of CO2 reduction include (1) use of alternative fuels with lower CO2 emissions and (2) CO2 scrubbing and sequestration to prevent its release to the atmosphere. The cost of CO2 reduction varies with the selected technology. This paper compares (1) the cost of electricity (COE) without and with CO2 removal/avoidance and (2) the impact of the incremental cost of CO2 reduction on COE for different technology options, including replacing existing coal plants with natural-gas-fired combined cycle (NGCC), integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) with and without CO2 removal, pulverized coal (PC) with CO2 scrubber, and nuclear plants. Full and partial compliance with the Kyoto Protocol are addressed.

Comparative Analysis of Hydrogen Combustion Power Plants Integrated With Coal Gasification and CO2 Removal

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Vascellari ◽  
Daniele Cocco ◽  
Giorgio Cau
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
High Temperature Steam

Two power generation systems with pre-combustion CO2 capture fuelled with hydrogen from coal gasification are analyzed and compared from a thermodynamic and economic standpoint. The first solution, referred as Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle with CO2 Removal (IGCC-CR), is fuelled with hydrogen produced by the integrated gasification section. The second, referred as Integrated Gasification Hydrogen Cycle (IGHC), is based on the oxycombustion of hydrogen, producing steam that expands through an advanced high temperature steam turbine. The two H2 production sections are similar for both power plants, some minor modifications having been made to achieve better integration with the corresponding power sections. System performance is investigated using coherent assumptions to enable comparative analysis on the same basis. The plants have overall efficiencies of around 39.8% for IGCC-CR and 40.6% for IGHC, slightly lower than conventional IGCCs (without CO2 capture) with a CO2 removal efficiencies of 91% and 100% respectively. Lastly a preliminary economic analysis shows an increase in the cost of electricity compared to conventional IGCCs of about 44% for IGCC-CR and 50% IGHC.

Conventional Power Plants Equipped With Systems for CO2 Emission Abatement

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Gambini ◽  
Michela Vellini
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Atmospheric Discharge ◽  
Pressure Transport ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Cost

This paper presents the results from an evaluation of the performance and cost of Italian power plants (a steam cycle power plants — 500 MW — fed by coal and a combined cycle power plant — 300 MW — fed by natural gas) with CO2 emissions control equipment to achieve a fixed reduction in atmospheric discharge of carbon dioxide (CO2) and so to accomplish the CO2 emission targets established by the Kyoto Protocol. The reduction of the CO2 content in the flue gas is achieved by amine scrubbing (CO2 removal), removal of water from CO2 (drying), compression to pipeline pressure; transport and storage are not considered. The paper presents an economic evaluation of the CO2 abatement cost and compares it with the cost of allowances in the Emission Trading System and with the payment of the penalty for the emissions in excess when there is no CO2 quota available on the market.

Exergoeconomic Evaluation of a KRW-Based IGCC Power Plant

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tsatsaronis ◽  
L. Lin ◽  
T. Tawfik ◽  
D. T. Gallaspy
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Advanced Combustion ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
The Cost

In a study supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, several design configurations of Kellogg-Rust-Westinghouse (KRW)-based Integrated Gasification-Combined-Cycle (IGCC) power plants were developed. One of these configurations was analyzed from the exergoeconomic (thermoeconomic) viewpoint. This design configuration uses an air-blown KRW gasifier, hot gas cleanup, and two General Electric MS7001F advanced combustion turbines. Operation at three different gasification temperatures was considered. The detailed exergoeconomic evaluation identified several changes for improving the cost effectiveness of this IGCC design configuration. These changes include the following: decreasing the gasifier operating temperature, enhancing the high-pressure steam generation in the gasification island, improving the efficiency of the steam cycle, and redesigning the entire heat exchanger network. Based on the cost information supplied by the M. W. Kellogg Company, an attempt was made to calculate the economically optimal exergetic efficiency for some of the most important plant components.

The Environmental and Economic Impact of IGCC in China, With Comparison to Alternative Options

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zupan Hu ◽  
Joseph W. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Business As Usual

The goal of this study is to evaluate the economic and environmental performance of power plants based on integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology, and to compare it with currently relevant renewable and nuclear power generation options in China, until the year 2020. First, electricity demand is predicted, based on up-to-date policies made by Chinese government organizations. From this, a business as usual (BAU) study, in which coal-fired power plant technology is assumed to be unchanged from 2010 to 2020, is carried out as a reference. Different scenarios of IGCC technology adoption are then studied using a newly developed model, and the result show, for example, that there could be 10.05 billion tons of CO2 emission avoided from 2010 to 2020 if 50% of newly built coal-fired plants are based on IGCC technology with CO2 capture. When compared with other options, the cost of avoided CO2 emissions in this scenario is more expensive than hydroelectric, nuclear, and wind, but cheaper than solar (thermal and photovoltaic). The results also show that IGCC, although more expensive, could still be important in China’s coal-dominated electricity industry.

scholarly journals Alternative Fuels for Combined Cycle Power Plants: An Analysis of Options for a Location in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3330
Author(s):  
Guido Marseglia ◽  
Blanca Fernandez Vasquez-Pena ◽  
Carlo Maria Medaglia ◽  
Ricardo Chacartegui
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

The Sustainable Development Goals 2030 Agenda of United Nations raises the need of clean and affordable energy. In the pathway for more efficient and environmentally friendly solutions, new alternative power technologies and energy sources are developed. Among these, the use of syngas fuels for electricity generation can be a viable alternative in areas with high biomass or coal availability. This paper presents the energy, environmental and economic analyses of a modern combined cycle plant with the aim to evaluate the potential for a combined power plant running with alternative fuels. The goal is to identify the optimal design in terms of operating conditions and its environmental impact. Two possible configurations are investigated in the power plant presented: with the possibility to export or not export steam. An economic analysis is proposed to assess the plant feasibility. The effect of the different components in its performance is assessed. The impact of using four different syngases as fuel is evaluated and compared with the natural gas fuelled power cycle. The results show that a better efficiency is obtained for the syngas 1 (up to 54%), in respect to the others. Concerning pollutant emissions, the syngas with a GHG impact and lower carbon dioxide (CO2) percentage is syngas 2.

scholarly journals Novel concepts for near-zero emissions IGCC power plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Kakaras ◽  
Aggelos Doukelis ◽  
Dionysios Giannakopoulos ◽  
Antonios Koumanakos
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

The paper aims in examining and evaluating the state-of-the-art in technological concepts towards zero-emission coal-fired power plants. The discussion is based on the evaluation of a novel concept dealing with the carbonation-calcination process of lime for CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants, compared to the integration of CO2 capture in an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle power plant. Results from thermodynamic simulations dealing with the most important features for CO2 reduction are presented. Preliminary economic considerations are made, taking into account investment and operating costs, in order to assess the electricity cost related to the two different technological approaches. The cycle calculations were performed with the thermodynamic cycle calculation software ENBIPRO (ENergie-BIllanz-PROgram), a powerful tool for heat and mass balance solving of complex thermodynamic circuits, calculation of efficiency, exergetic and exergoeconomic analysis of power plants. The software code models all pieces of equipment that usually appear in power plant installations and can accurately calculate all thermodynamic properties at each node of the thermodynamic circuit, power consumption of each component, flue gas composition etc. [1]. The code has proven its validity by accurately simulating a large number of power plants and through comparison of the results with other commercial software. .

Analysis of the impact of gas turbine modifications in integrated gasification combined cycle power plants

Energy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 977-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Sik Kim ◽  
Sung Ku Park ◽  
Jong Jun Lee ◽  
Do Won Kang ◽  
Tong Seop Kim
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
The Impact

Exergoeconomic analysis of renewable multi-generation system

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Vontas Alfenny Nahan ◽  
Audrius Bagdanavicius ◽  
Andrew McMullan
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
Exergoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Cost

In this study a new multi-generation system which generates power (electricity), thermal energy (heating and cooling) and ash for agricultural needs has been developed and analysed. The system consists of a Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (BIGCC) and an absorption chiller system. The system generates about 3.4 MW electricity, 4.9 MW of heat, 88 kW of cooling and 90 kg/h of ash. The multi-generation system has been modelled using Cycle Tempo and EES. Energy, exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of this system had been conducted and exergy costs have been calculated. The exergoeconomic study shows that gasifier, combustor, and Heat Recovery Steam Generator are the main components where the total cost rates are the highest. Exergoeconomic variables such as relative cost difference (r) and exergoeconomic factor (f) have also been calculated. Exergoeconomic factor of evaporator, combustor and condenser are 1.3%, 0.7% and 0.9%, respectively, which is considered very low, indicates that the capital cost rates are much lower than the exergy destruction cost rates. It implies that the improvement of these components could be achieved by increasing the capital investment. The exergy cost of electricity produced in the gas turbine and steam turbine is 0.1050 £/kWh and 0.1627 £/kWh, respectively. The cost of ash is 0.0031 £/kg. In some Asian countries, such as Indonesia, ash could be used as fertilizer for agriculture. Heat exergy cost is 0.0619 £/kWh for gasifier and 0.3972 £/kWh for condenser in the BIGCC system. In the AC system, the exergy cost of the heat in the condenser and absorber is about 0.2956 £/kWh and 0.5636 £/kWh, respectively. The exergy cost of cooling in the AC system is 0.4706 £/kWh. This study shows that exergoeconomic analysis is powerful tool for assessing the costs of products.

Gas Turbine Combined Cycle With CO2-Capture Using Auto-Thermal Reforming of Natural Gas

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thormod Andersen ◽  
Hanne M. Kvamsdal ◽  
Olav Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Chemical Absorption ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Gas

A concept for capturing and sequestering CO2 from a natural gas fired combined cycle power plant is presented. The present approach is to decarbonise the fuel prior to combustion by reforming natural gas, producing a hydrogen-rich fuel. The reforming process consists of an air-blown pressurised auto-thermal reformer that produces a gas containing H2, CO and a small fraction of CH4 as combustible components. The gas is then led through a water gas shift reactor, where the equilibrium of CO and H2O is shifted towards CO2 and H2. The CO2 is then captured from the resulting gas by chemical absorption. The gas turbine of this system is then fed with a fuel gas containing approximately 50% H2. In order to achieve acceptable level of fuel-to-electricity conversion efficiency, this kind of process is attractive because of the possibility of process integration between the combined cycle and the reforming process. A comparison is made between a “standard” combined cycle and the current process with CO2-removal. This study also comprise an investigation of using a lower pressure level in the reforming section than in the gas turbine combustor and the impact of reduced steam/carbon ratio in the main reformer. The impact on gas turbine operation because of massive air bleed and the use of a hydrogen rich fuel is discussed.

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