A Comparison of Hydraulic and Electrical Switch-Mode Converters

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Wiens ◽  
Debdatta Das
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Boost Converters ◽  
Switching Losses ◽  
Switch Mode ◽  
Mode Converters ◽  
Operating Limits ◽  
Physical Limitations

Electrical switched-mode DC-DC converters have become ubiquitous in the last decade, primarily driven by their high energy efficiency. Although considerable academic research has been performed on the analogous hydraulic switched-inertance converters, widespread adoption has lagged. This paper presents a comparison of the two technologies, comparing theoretical and practical limits to their performance. First we develop a simple model for the efficiency and specific power capacities of buck and boost converters in the ideal case, so that critical parameters can be identified as well as their physical limitations. We then expand our analysis to include practical effects such as wave propagation, switching losses and operating limits, in an attempt to identify if there are any reasons to continue or discontinue development of the hydraulic switched-inertance converter.

scholarly journals Green synthesis: Proposed mechanism and factors influencing the synthesis of platinum nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 386-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood S. Jameel ◽  
Azlan Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohammed Ali Dheyab
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Platinum Nanoparticles ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Average Particle

AbstractPlatinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) have attracted interest in catalysis and biomedical applications due to their unique structural, optical, and catalytic properties. However, the conventional synthesis of Pt NPs using the chemical and physical methods is constrained by the use of harmful and costly chemicals, intricate preparation requirement, and high energy utilization. Hence, this review emphasizes on the green synthesis of Pt NPs using plant extracts as an alternative approach due to its simplicity, convenience, inexpensiveness, easy scalability, low energy requirement, environmental friendliness, and minimum usage of hazardous materials and maximized efficiency of the synthesis process. The underlying complex processes that cover the green synthesis (biosynthesis) of Pt NPs were reviewed. This review affirms the effects of different critical parameters (pH, reaction temperature, reaction time, and biomass dosage) on the size and shape of the synthesized Pt NPs. For instance, the average particle size of Pt NPs was reported to decrease with increasing pH, reaction temperature, and concentration of plant extract.

Development and Design of a Cost-Efficient Tire Mechanics Testing Apparatus

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan J. Chan ◽  
Corina Sandu ◽  
Erin Hissong ◽  
Steve Southward
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Test Apparatus ◽  
Current Configuration ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
Tire Testing ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Soil Bin ◽  
Tire Models ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

Most tire models need experimentally obtained data as input for simulation purposes. The study of tire mechanics requires the accuracy and repeatability of a controlled environment. However, the accessibility and cost of tire testing machines make it prohibitive for exploring tire mechanical properties for academic studies. Moreover, most industrial tire testing machines are designed for general tire testing, and would require an extensive amount of time and resources to adapt for academic research. To study tire mechanical behavior for modeling purposes, a tire mechanics test apparatus has been developed at the Center for Vehicle Systems and Safety (CVeSS), Virginia Tech. The tire mechanics test apparatus has been designed as an interchangeable attachment to an existing modular quarter car test rig developed at the Institute for Advanced Learning and Research (IALR) in Danville, Virginia, to save on cost, as well as to maintain repeatability of testing. The physical limitations of maximum tire vertical load for various tire testing machines are also among the main motivations for developing the tire mechanics test apparatus. The current configuration of the tire mechanics test apparatus provides the capability to study the vertical load - deflection characteristics of the tire, as well as the static footprint of the tire under various vertical loads. Future planned enhancements to the setup include the addition of a soil bin and an instrumented rolling drum for tire shear force studies.

Preparation of Activated Carbon Derived from Water Hyacinth as Electrode Active Material for Li-Ion Supercapacitor

2020 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Jagad Paduraksa ◽  
Muhammad Luthfi ◽  
Ariono Verdianto ◽  
Achmad Subhan ◽  
Wahyu Bambang Widayatno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Full Cell ◽  
Lithium Ion Capacitor

Lithium-Ion Capacitor (LIC) has shown promising performance to meet the needs of high energy and power-density-energy storage system in the era of electric vehicles nowadays. The development of electrode materials and electrolytes in recent years has improvised LIC performance significantly. One of the active materials of LIC electrodes, activated carbon (AC), can be synthesized from various biomass, one of which is the water hyacinth. Its abundant availability and low utilization make the water hyacinth as a promising activated carbon source. To observe the most optimal physical properties of AC, this study also compares various activation temperatures. In this study, full cell LIC was fabricated using LTO based anode, and water hyacinth derived AC as the cathode. The LIC full cell was further characterized to see the material properties and electrochemical performance. Water hyacinth derived LIC can achieve a specific capacitance of 32.11 F/g, the specific energy of 17.83 Wh/kg, and a specific power of 160.53 W/kg.

scholarly journals LQR control of interleaved double dual boost converter for electrical vehicles and renewable energy conversion

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
J. S. V. Siva Kumar ◽  
P. Mallikarjunarao
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Boost Converters ◽  
Lqr Control ◽  
Electrical Vehicles

<p>The automobile industry is one of the major industries that are having its new innovations at a great pace according to the requirements of the day-to-day life. Due to the usage of conventional vehicles on a large scale which usually use petroleum products as fuel, is leading to a vast environmental effect, mainly due to the emission of greenhouse gases. So in order to reduce the ill effects of the greenhouse gas emissions great efforts are being put in   manufacturing of electrical vehicles. Among the currently available greenhouse technologies the fuel cell provides high energy density in spite of its expenses. So, in this aspect a required mechanism has to be adopted to make it energy efficient and affordable. In order to overcome the drawback of fuel cell i.e. low output voltage, the boost converters are to be used and to be more precise Non-isolated Interleaved Double Dual Boost (IDDB) converters are recommended which makes it efficient and also the reduction of overall vehicle weight can be achieved. The LQR control technique is applied in this work to make the transient response of the fuel cell powered IDDB converter for various load conditions effective. The verification of results is done with simulation techniques using MATLAB/Simulink.</p>

scholarly journals Advanced and Innovative Optimization Techniques in Controllers: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Aditya Tiwary
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Power Factor Correction ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Boost Converters ◽  
Mode Converters ◽  
Circuit And System ◽  
Switching Mode

New commercial power electronic controllers come to the market almost every day to help improve electronic circuit and system performance and efficiency. In DC–DC switching-mode converters, a simple and elegant hysteretic controller is used to regulate the basic buck, boost and buck–boost converters under slightly different configurations. In AC–DC converters, the input current shaping for power factor correction posts a constraint. But, several brilliant commercial controllers are demonstrated for boost and fly back converters to achieve almost perfect power factor correction. In this paper a comprehensive review of the various advanced optimization techniques used in power electronic controllers is presented.

scholarly journals Suction Feeding by Small Organisms: Performance Limits in Larval Vertebrates and Carnivorous Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 852-863
Author(s):  
Stephen M Deban ◽  
Roi Holzman ◽  
Ulrike K Müller
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Performance Limits ◽  
Elastic Recoil ◽  
Suction Feeding ◽  
Aquatic Vertebrates ◽  
Suction Flow

Abstract Suction feeding has evolved independently in two highly disparate animal and plant systems, aquatic vertebrates and carnivorous bladderworts. We review the suction performance of animal and plant suction feeders to explore biomechanical performance limits for aquatic feeders based on morphology and kinematics, in the context of current knowledge of suction feeding. While vertebrates have the greatest diversity and size range of suction feeders, bladderworts are the smallest and fastest known suction feeders. Body size has profound effects on aquatic organismal function, including suction feeding, particularly in the intermediate flow regime that tiny organisms can experience. A minority of tiny organisms suction feed, consistent with model predictions that generating effective suction flow is less energetically efficient and also requires more flow-rate specific power at small size. Although the speed of suction flows generally increases with body and gape size, some specialized tiny plant and animal predators generate suction flows greater than those of suction feeders 100 times larger. Bladderworts generate rapid flow via high-energy and high-power elastic recoil and suction feed for nutrients (relying on photosynthesis for energy). Small animals may be limited by available muscle energy and power, although mouth protrusion can offset the performance cost of not generating high suction pressure. We hypothesize that both the high energetic costs and high power requirements of generating rapid suction flow shape the biomechanics of small suction feeders, and that plants and animals have arrived at different solutions due in part to their different energy budgets.

scholarly journals Exploring harnessing wind power in moving reference frames with application to vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 168781401986568
Author(s):  
Oleg Goushcha ◽  
Robert Felicissimo ◽  
Amir H Danesh-Yazdi ◽  
Yiannis Andreopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Moving Frames ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions

The possibility of extracting wind power from unique configurations embedded in moving vehicles using microturbine devices has been investigated. In such environments with moving frames or platforms, powered either by humans like bicycles or by chemical reactions like automobiles, the specific power of the air motion is much greater and less intermittent than in stationary wind turbines anchored to the ground in open atmospheric conditions. In a translational frame of reference, the rate of work done by the drag force acting on the wind harnessing device due to the relative motion of air should be taken into account in the overall performance evaluation through an energy balance. A device with a venting tube has been tested that connects a high-pressure stagnating flow region in the front of the vehicle with a low-pressure region at its rear. Our analysis identified two key areas to focus on for potentially significant rewards: (1) vehicles with high energy conversion efficiency, which require a high mass flow rate through the venting duct, and (2) vehicles with low energy conversion efficiency with wakes, which will be globally affected by the introduction of the venting duct device in a manner that reduces their drag so that there is a net gain in power generation.

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