Manufacturing and Construction, Operation of Karita PFBC 360 MW Unit

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Koike ◽  
Shinobu Nakamura ◽  
Hajime Watanabe ◽  
Tsuyoshi Imaizumi
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Commercial Unit ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
The World ◽  
Commercial Operation

Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Combined Cycle Power Generation, namely, PFBC is the clean coal technology, utilizing gas turbine and steam turbine, which is high efficient and friendly to earth. In early 90’s, 70 MW class PFBCs had started demonstration and commercial operation all over the world. Kyushu Electric Power Company (KyEPCO) decided to apply this technology as the real commercial unit, the world largest capacity 360MW, and put into commercial operation in July 2001. To apply PFBC to the large-scale commercial plant, it is essential to demonstrate the higher efficiency than any other conventional coal firing units. In order to achieve this, the gas turbine with higher operation pressure and advanced supercritical steam condition for steam turbine were applied. The reduction by size and weight of the equipment is the vital must to realize large scale PFBC, as 360MW unit. To reduce the pressure vessel size, the unique design of hexagon furnace was applied to install it efficiently in smaller vessel. The plant has started commercial operation in July 2001 and has well demonstrated PFBC’s technology advantages as planned. It achieved the efficiency, 41.8% as net value based on HHV, which is the highest level among existing coal fired power plants. It also verifies smooth operation, 3%L/min of Load following capability, 3 hours of hot start-up, that is comparable to conventional pulverized coal fired unit.

Steam Injected Gas Turbine (STIG) for Load Flexible CHP: Aspects of Dynamic Behaviour, Control and Water Recovery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Lutsch ◽  
Uwe Gampe ◽  
Guntram Buchheim
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
System Response ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Operating Range ◽  
Demand Fluctuations ◽  
Wide Operating

Abstract Industrial combined heat and power (CHP) plants are often faced with highly variable demand of heat and power. Demand fluctuations up to 50% of nominal load are not uncommonly. The cost and revenue situation in the energy market represents a challenge, also for cogeneration of heat and power (CHP). More frequent and rapid load changes and a wide operating range are required for economic operation of industrial power plants. Maintaining pressure in steam network is commonly done directly by a condensation steam turbine in a combined cycle or indirectly by load changes of the gas turbine in a gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator arrangement. Both result in a change of the electric output of the plant. However, operating cost of a steam turbine are higher than a single gas turbine. The steam injected gas turbine (STIG) cycle with water recovery is a beneficial alternative. It provides an equivalent degree of freedom of power and heat generation. High process efficiency is achieved over a wide operating range. Although STIG is a proven technology, it is not yet widespread. The emphasis of this paper is placed on modeling the system behavior, process control and experiences in water recovery. A dynamic simulation model, based on OpenModelica, has been developed. It provides relevant information on system response for fluctuating steam injection and helps to optimize instrumentation and control. Considerable experience has been gained on water recovery with respect to condensate quality, optimum water treatment architecture and water recovery rate, which is also presented.

Effects of Steam Reheat in Advanced Steam Injected Gas Turbine Cycles

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hofstädter ◽  
H. U. Frutschi ◽  
H. Haselbacher
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Back Pressure ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Steam ◽  
Additional Improvement ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust

Steam injection is a well-known principle for increasing gas turbine efficiency by taking advantage of the relatively high gas turbine exhaust temperatures. Unfortunately, performance is not sufficiently improved compared with alternative bottoming cycles. However, previously investigated supplements to the STIG-principle — such as sequential combustion and consideration of a back pressure steam turbine — led to a remarkable increase in efficiency. The cycle presented in this paper includes a further improvement: The steam, which exits from the back pressure steam turbine at a rather low temperature, is no longer led directly into the combustion chamber. Instead, it reenters the boiler to be further superheated. This modification yields additional improvement of the thermal efficiency due to a significant reduction of fuel consumption. Taking into account the simpler design compared with combined-cycle power plants, the described type of an advanced STIG-cycle (A-STIG) could represent an interesting alternative regarding peak and medium load power plants.

scholarly journals Simulation of Producer Gas Fired Power Plants with Inlet Fog Cooling and Steam Injection

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mun Roy Yap ◽  
Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Cycle Systems

Biomass can be converted to energy via direct combustion or thermochemical conversion to liquid or gas fuels. This study focuses on burning producer gases derived from gasifying biomass wastes to produce power. Since the producer gases are usually of low calorific values (LCV), power plant performance under various operating conditions has not yet been proven. In this study, system performance calculations are conducted for 5MWe power plants. The power plants considered include simple gas turbine systems, steam turbine systems, combined cycle systems, and steam injection gas turbine systems using the producer gas with low calorific values at approximately 30% and 15% of the natural gas heating value (on a mass basis). The LCV fuels are shown to impose high compressor back pressure and produce increased power output due to increased fuel flow. Turbine nozzle throat area is adjusted to accommodate additional fuel flows to allow the compressor to operate within safety margin. The best performance occurs when the designed pressure ratio is maintained by widening nozzle openings, even though the turbine inlet pressure is reduced under this adjustment. Power augmentations under four different ambient conditions are calculated by employing gas turbine inlet fog cooling. Comparison between inlet fog cooling and steam injection using the same amount of water mass flow indicates that steam injection is less effective than inlet fog cooling in augmenting power output. Maximizing steam injection, at the expense of supplying the steam to the steam turbine, significantly reduces both the efficiency and the output power of the combined cycle. This study indicates that the performance of gas turbine and combined cycle systems fueled by the LCV fuels could be very different from the familiar behavior of natural gas fired systems. Care must be taken if on-shelf gas turbines are modified to burn LCV fuels.

scholarly journals Vibration Characteristics of 50 Hz, 120 MW Gas Turbine

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuo Okubo ◽  
Yoshitaka Mori ◽  
Yoshikazu Nadai ◽  
Hiroshi Kanki
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Vibration Characteristics ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
General Description ◽  
The World ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Lng Fuel ◽  
Base Load

This paper describes the vibration analysis technology of MW-701D Gas Turbine which was developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. for 50 Hz utilities. MW-701D is the highest performance gas turbine available with a firing temperature of 1,154°C for base load operation. It is employed by the 1,090 MW combined cycle plant, one of the largest of its kind in the world, and the plant began commercial operation at half of the total capacity of 1,090 MW in December, 1984. The plant was designed to supply base load electric power generation by burning imported liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel. This paper describes the general description of the combined cycle plant and the vibration characteristics of MW-701D Gas Turbine.

scholarly journals Effect of Turbine and Compressor Inlet Temperatures and Air Bleeding on the Comparative Performance of Simple and Combined Gas Turbine Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Basharat Salim ◽  
Jamal Orfi ◽  
Shaker Saeed Alaqel
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Turbine Unit ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine Unit ◽  
The World ◽  
Compressor Inlet

The proper utilization of all the available forms of energy resources has become imminent to meet the power requirement and energy demand in both the developed and developing countries of the world. Even though the emphasis is given to the renewable resources in most parts of the world, but fossil fuels will still remain the main resources of energy as these can meet both normal and peak demands. Saudi Arab has number of power plant based on natural gas and fuel that are spread in all its regions. These power plants have aeroderivative gas turbine units supplied by General Electric Company as main power producing units. These units work on dual fuel systems. These units work as simple gas turbine units to meat peak demands and as part of combined cycle otherwise. The subject matter of this study is the performance of one of the units of a power plant situated near Riyadh city of Saudi Arab. This unit also works both as simple gas turbine unit and as a part of combined cycle power plant unit. A parametric based performance evaluation of the unit has been carried out to study both energetic and exergetic performance of the unit for both simple and combined cycle operation. Effect of compressor inlet temperature, turbine inlet temperature, pressure ratio of the compressor, the stage from which bleed off air have been taken and percentage of bleed off air from the compressor on the energetic and exergetic performance of the unit have been studied. The study reveals that all these parameters effect the performance of the unit in both modes of operation.

An Integrated Steam/Gas Turbine-Generator for Combined-Cycle Applications

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Reheat Steam ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature ◽  
Steam Cycle

Combined-cycle power plants have been built with the gas turbine, steam turbine, and generator connected end-to-end to form a machine having a single shaft. To date, these plants have utilized a nonreheat steam cycle and a single-casing steam turbine of conventional design, connected to the collector end of the generator through a flexible shaft coupling. A new design has been developed for application of an advanced gas turbine of higher rating and higher firing temperature and exhaust gas temperature with a reheat steam cycle. The gas turbine and steam turbine are fully integrated mechanically, with solid shaft couplings and a common thrust bearing. This paper describes the new machine, with emphasis on the steam turbine section where the elimination of the flexible coupling created a number of unusual design requirements. Significant benefits in reduced cost and reduced complexity of design, operation, and maintenance are achieved as a result of the integration of the machine and its control and auxiliary systems.

Repowering: An Option for Refurbishment of Old Thermal Power Plants in Latin-American Countries

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Washington Orlando Irrazabal Bohorquez ◽  
Joa˜o Roberto Barbosa ◽  
Luiz Augusto Horta Nogueira ◽  
Electo E. Silva Lora
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Thermal Power Plants

The operational rules for the electricity markets in Latin America are changing at the same time that the electricity power plants are being subjected to stronger environmental restrictions, fierce competition and free market rules. This is forcing the conventional power plants owners to evaluate the operation of their power plants. Those thermal power plants were built between the 1960’s and the 1990’s. They are old and inefficient, therefore generating expensive electricity and polluting the environment. This study presents the repowering of thermal power plants based on the analysis of three basic concepts: the thermal configuration of the different technological solutions, the costs of the generated electricity and the environmental impact produced by the decrease of the pollutants generated during the electricity production. The case study for the present paper is an Ecuadorian 73 MWe power output steam power plant erected at the end of the 1970’s and has been operating continuously for over 30 years. Six repowering options are studied, focusing the increase of the installed capacity and thermal efficiency on the baseline case. Numerical simulations the seven thermal power plants are evaluated as follows: A. Modified Rankine cycle (73 MWe) with superheating and regeneration, one conventional boiler burning fuel oil and one old steam turbine. B. Fully-fired combined cycle (240 MWe) with two gas turbines burning natural gas, one recuperative boiler and one old steam turbine. C. Fully-fired combined cycle (235 MWe) with one gas turbine burning natural gas, one recuperative boiler and one old steam turbine. D. Fully-fired combined cycle (242 MWe) with one gas turbine burning natural gas, one recuperative boiler and one old steam turbine. The gas turbine has water injection in the combustion chamber. E. Fully-fired combined cycle (242 MWe) with one gas turbine burning natural gas, one recuperative boiler with supplementary burners and one old steam turbine. The gas turbine has steam injection in the combustion chamber. F. Hybrid combined cycle (235 MWe) with one gas turbine burning natural gas, one recuperative boiler with supplementary burners, one old steam boiler burning natural gas and one old steam turbine. G. Hybrid combined cycle (235 MWe) with one gas turbine burning diesel fuel, one recuperative boiler with supplementary burners, one old steam boiler burning fuel oil and one old steam turbine. All the repowering models show higher efficiency when compared with the Rankine cycle [2, 5]. The thermal cycle efficiency is improved from 28% to 50%. The generated electricity costs are reduced to about 50% when the old power plant is converted to a combined cycle one. When a Rankine cycle power plant burning fuel oil is modified to combined cycle burning natural gas, the CO2 specific emissions by kWh are reduced by about 40%. It is concluded that upgrading older thermal power plants is often a cost-effective method for increasing the power output, improving efficiency and reducing emissions [2, 7].

Evaluation of Arabian Super Light and Arabian Extra Light Crude Oil for Use in Dry Low NOx (DLN) Combustion Systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Goldmeer ◽  
Paul Glaser ◽  
Bassam Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
The Past ◽  
Commercial Operation

Abstract The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has seen significant transformation in power generation in the past 10 years. There has been an increase in the number of F-class combined cycle power plants being developed and brought into commercial operation. There has also been a shift to the use of natural gas as primary fuel. At the same time, there has been an interest in switching the back-up fuel for new power plants from refined distillates to domestic crude oils. Both Arabian Super Light (ASL) and Arabian Extra Light (AXL) have been proposed for use in new F-class gas turbine combined cycle power plants. This paper provides details on the combustion evaluations of ASL and AXL, as well as the first field usage of ASL in a gas turbine.

Ukraine’s First Large-Scale CFB 200 MWe Anthracite Fired Starobeshevo Power Plant

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor A. Shevtchenko ◽  
Werner Franke ◽  
Peter Gummel ◽  
Marian Kotrus ◽  
George von Wedel
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Design Issues ◽  
Cfb Boiler ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
European Regulations ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

JSC Donbassenergo, a major utility in the Ukraine, is operating power plants of approx. 3500 MW, mostly operated with their local fuel anthracite. As the existing facilities are reaching their age a strategy has been developed to apply state-of-the-art technology for revamping. On this basis the decision has been taken to replace boiler No. 4 of the Starobeshevo Power Plant with a boiler based on CFB technology. The unit is designed for 670 t/h of superheated and 538 t/h of reheated steam with 545 / 543 °C and 13.2 / 2.5 MPa temperature and pressure to account for the existing steam turbine which generates 200 MW electricity. Fuels used are a local anthracite and anthracite sludge left from coal washing and which is available in large quantities. Emissions are designed in accordance with European regulations allowing 200 mg/m3 (STP) for NOX and 200 mg/m3 (STP) for SO2. A basic description of the overall plant will be given. Details on the design of the CFB boiler which is equipped with Lurgi’s patented pant-leg and other design issues will be explained. Operating results from the commissioning and first commercial operation will be presented.

501F/M701F Gas Turbine Uprating

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Akita ◽  
H. Arimura ◽  
Y. Tomita ◽  
M. Kuwabara ◽  
K. Tsukagoshi
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Design Improvement ◽  
Reliability Improvement ◽  
The World ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
Cycle Efficiency ◽  
Reliability And Availability

The share of the gas turbine combined cycle plants tends to increase rapidly in the world of power generation. Under the circumstances, MHI is developing the several kinds of gas turbine to meet each customer’s needs. The ‘F’ series’ engine, which has a firing temperature of 1350–1400 degree C, is predominant in the current market, and the reliability improvement is constantly performed. As a result, the operational hours of 50,000, and the combined cycle efficiency of 55–57% (LHV) is achieved for F-series combined cycle. During the operating experience, any events occurred in field operation is solved. Also, countermeasure was implemented on every machine. Furthermore, robust design improvement is introduced, and commercial operation of the design achieved higher reliability and availability. In this paper, the operating experiences, design improvements and the F series gas turbine uprating program are introduced.

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