Design Strategy of a High Pressure Regulator

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir R. Shahani ◽  
Ashkan Aryaei ◽  
Mosayeb Najar ◽  
Sirvan Mohammadi ◽  
Hamid Esmaili
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Mathematical Simulation ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Pressure Regulator ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Spring Force ◽  
Input Pressure ◽  
Good Agreement

The main purpose of this paper is to design a high pressure regulator which reduces an input pressure varying between 400 to 500 bars to 350 bars constant pressure. First of all, for mathematical simulation of regulator’s performance, the related equations were derived. Because of nonlinearity and coupling, these equations were solved by using numerical methods. Also, the effects of different parameters variation on regulator performance were investigated. One of the most important parameters in regulator performance is the preload of control spring. Deriving the maximum and minimum values of the spring force from the mathematical simulation, the proper spring was designed. In the next step, Finite element analysis, considering thermal effects, was performed using commercial software ABAQUS. To achieve sufficient safety factor, thicknesses were specified by trial and error. The results were in good agreement with the analytical solution.

Design of Oxidizer Referenced Fuel Pressure Regulator

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Rousseau ◽  
Jonathan Terry ◽  
R. S. Amano
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Pressure Regulator ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Peak Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Fuel Source

This research involves the development and testing of a pressure regulator designed to maintain a constant pressure and mass flow relationship between the oxidizer and fuel source of a nitrous oxide injection system. Regulator design was accomplished through the exhaustive process of reviewing various fuel control and oxidizer referencing designs coupled with finite element analysis on the oxidizer referenced components to determine whether the selected components could handle the relatively high forces generated by the 1000psi nitrous oxide. The testing phase of the project was done in a dynamometer cell and involved numerous dynamometer tests of an engine supplied with a nitrous oxide kit both with and without the oxidizer referenced fuel pressure regulator. These tests monitored critical areas such as peak cylinder pressure, the location of the peak cylinder pressure, the air/fuel ratio, the nitrous oxide bottle pressure, and the knock intensity. The data collected in each of these areas was used to compare the performance of a regulated and non-regulated system as well as ensure the safe and reliable operation of the engine.

NANOMATERIALS UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HIGH PRESSURE

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (26) ◽  
pp. 2647-2657 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. KUMAR ◽  
UMA D. SHARMA ◽  
MUNISH KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Pressure ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Theory And Experiment ◽  
Good Agreement

Two different approaches to study thermal expansion and compression of nanosystems are unified, which have been treated quite independently by earlier workers. We provide the simple theoretical analysis, which demonstrates that these two approaches may be unified into a single theory, viz. one can be derived from other. It is concluded that there is a single theory in the place of two different approaches. To show the real connection with the nanomaterials, we study the effect of temperature (at constant pressure), the effect of pressure (at constant temperature) as well as the combined effect of pressure and temperature. We have considered different nanomaterials viz. carbon nanotube, AlN , Ni , 80 Ni –20 Fe , Fe – Cu , MgO , CeO 2, CuO and TiO 2. The results obtained are compared with the available experimental data. A good agreement between theory and experiment demonstrates the validity of the present approach.

Mathematical Modeling of a High Pressure Regulator With Safety Valve

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir R. Shahani ◽  
Ashkan Aryaei ◽  
Hamid Esmaili ◽  
Mosayeb Najar ◽  
Sirvan Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Safety Valve ◽  
Equation Of Motion ◽  
Pressure Regulator ◽  
Continuity Equations ◽  
Spring Force

In this article, the mathematical modeling of a high pressure regulator with its safety valve is presented. In the first step, the performance of regulator and safety valve are investigated, separately. After that, the safety valve is connected to the output port of air regulator and the output pressure’s variation is investigated. For analyzing of air regulator and safety valve’s operation, the equation of motion of internal parts, continuity equations for chamber and the equations related to mass flow rate which passing from diverse ducts in regulator are derived, respectively. The motion’s equation consists of inertia, controlling spring force, pressurized air force and coulombs friction terms. Because of nonlinearity and coupling, these equations are solved by using numerical methods and the results are presented. Finally, the results obtained in steady state are validated by testing.

Computer Modeling of a Tire under Cornering Loads

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gardner ◽  
M. Theves
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Geometric Approach ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Slip Angle ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Slip Effects ◽  
Improved Accuracy ◽  
Nonlinear Geometric ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract During a cornering maneuver by a vehicle, high forces are exerted on the tire's footprint and in the contact zone between the tire and the rim. To optimize the design of these components, a method is presented whereby the forces at the tire-rim interface and between the tire and roadway may be predicted using finite element analysis. The cornering tire is modeled quasi-statically using a nonlinear geometric approach, with a lateral force and a slip angle applied to the spindle of the wheel to simulate the cornering loads. These values were obtained experimentally from a force and moment machine. This procedure avoids the need for a costly dynamic analysis. Good agreement was obtained with experimental results for self-aligning torque, giving confidence in the results obtained in the tire footprint and at the rim. The model allows prediction of the geometry and of the pressure distributions in the footprint, since friction and slip effects in this area were considered. The model lends itself to further refinement for improved accuracy and additional applications.

scholarly journals Discrete Element Analysis of High-Pressure Zones of Sea Ice on Vertical Structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Xue Long ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Shewen Liu ◽  
Shunying Ji
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Marine Structures ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Ice Pressure

In cold regions, ice pressure poses a serious threat to the safe operation of ship hulls and fixed offshore platforms. In this study, a discrete element method (DEM) with bonded particles was adapted to simulate the generation and distribution of local ice pressures during the interaction between level ice and vertical structures. The strength and failure mode of simulated sea ice under uniaxial compression were consistent with the experimental results, which verifies the accuracy of the discrete element parameters. The crushing process of sea ice acting on the vertical structure simulated by the DEM was compared with the field test. The distribution of ice pressure on the contact surface was calculated, and it was found that the local ice pressure was much greater than the global ice pressure. The high-pressure zones in sea ice are mainly caused by its simultaneous destruction, and these zones are primarily distributed near the midline of the contact area of sea ice and the structure. The contact area and loading rate are the two main factors affecting the high-pressure zones. The maximum local and global ice pressures decrease with an increase in the contact area. The influence of the loading rate on the local ice pressure is caused by the change in the sea ice failure mode. When the loading rate is low, ductile failure of sea ice occurs, and the ice pressure increases with the increase in the loading rate. When the loading rate is high, brittle failure of sea ice occurs, and the ice pressure decreases with an increase in the loading rate. This DEM study of sea ice can reasonably predict the distribution of high-pressure zones on marine structures and provide a reference for the anti-ice performance design of marine structures.

scholarly journals Comparison of Experimental and Numerical Transient Drop Deformation during Transition through Orifices in High-Pressure Homogenizers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Benedikt Mutsch ◽  
Peter Walzel ◽  
Christian J. Kähler
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Extensional Flow ◽  
Droplet Breakup ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Drop Deformation ◽  
Droplet Deformation ◽  
Shadow Imaging ◽  
Good Agreement

The droplet deformation in dispersing units of high-pressure homogenizers (HPH) is examined experimentally and numerically. Due to the small size of common homogenizer nozzles, the visual analysis of the transient droplet generation is usually not possible. Therefore, a scaled setup was used. The droplet deformation was determined quantitatively by using a shadow imaging technique. It is shown that the influence of transient stresses on the droplets caused by laminar extensional flow upstream the orifice is highly relevant for the droplet breakup behind the nozzle. Classical approaches based on an equilibrium assumption on the other side are not adequate to explain the observed droplet distributions. Based on the experimental results, a relationship from the literature with numerical simulations adopting different models are used to determine the transient droplet deformation during transition through orifices. It is shown that numerical and experimental results are in fairly good agreement at limited settings. It can be concluded that a scaled apparatus is well suited to estimate the transient droplet formation up to the outlet of the orifice.

A Study of the Sealing Performance of a New High-Pressure Cone Valve for Deep-Sea Gas-Tight Water Samplers

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Jun Wu ◽  
Can-Jun Yang ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Yan-Qing Xie
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluid ◽  
Contact Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Sea Trial ◽  
Sealing Performance ◽  
Pressure Cone ◽  
Gas Tight

The cone valve plays an important role in high-pressure sealing applications. In this paper, a new high-pressure cone valve, based on the titanium alloy poppet-to-polyetheretherketone seat sealing structure, is proposed for deep-sea gas-tight water samplers. In order to study the sealing performance of the new valve, both the conforming poppet-seat contact model and the nonconforming poppet-seat contact model were evaluated. Finite element analysis based on the two models was performed and validated by experiments. The results indicate that the nonconforming poppet-seat contact model has a better sealing performance than the conforming poppet-seat contact model. The new cone valve also was applied in a gas-tight hydrothermal fluid sampler and successfully tested in a sea trial during the KNOX18RR cruise from 9 July to 12 August 2008.

Thermo-Mechanical Modeling and Analysis of Equal Channel Angular Pressing

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Xiang Pei ◽  
B.H. Hu ◽  
C. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Die Geometry ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Good Agreement

Thermo-mechanical finite element analysis was carried out to study the deformation behavior and temperature distribution during equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). The material model used is the Johnson-Cook constitution model that can consider the multiplication effect of strain, strain rate, and temperature on the flow stress. The effects of pressing speed, pressing temperature, workpiece material and die geometry on the temperature rise and flow behavior during ECAP process were investigated. The simulated temperature rise due to deformation heating was compared with published experimental results and a good agreement was obtained. Among the various die geometries studied, the two-turn die with 0° round corner generates the highest and most uniform plastic strain in the workpiece.

Simulating the behaviour of folded cartons during complex packing operations

2006 ◽  
Vol 220 (12) ◽  
pp. 1797-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Sirkett ◽  
B J Hicks ◽  
C Berry ◽  
G Mullineux ◽  
A J Medland
Keyword(s):  
End Users ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Machine Material ◽  
Packaging Machine ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fine Tune ◽  
Responsiveness To Change ◽  
Lower Production ◽  
Good Agreement

The folding carton is a widely used packaging solution. Recent European Union packaging legislation has forced carton manufacturers to use lighter-weight grades of carton board. This typically results in a reduction in board stiffness, which can lead to decreased process efficacy or even prevent successful processing. In order to overcome this, end-users lower production rates and fine-tune packaging machine settings for each pack and material. This trial-and-error approach is necessary because the rules relating machine set-up to pack design and material properties are not generally well known. The present study addresses this fundamental issue through the creation of a finite-element computer simulation of carton processing. Mechanical testing was performed to ascertain the key mechanical properties of the carton walls and creases. The carton model was validated against the experimental results and was then subjected to the machine-material interactions that take place during complex packaging operations. The overall approach was validated and the simulation showed good agreement with the physical system. The results of the simulation can be used to determine guidelines relating machine set-up criteria to carton properties. This will improve responsiveness to change and will ultimately allow end-users to process thinner lighter-weight materials more effectively.

scholarly journals CO2 Induced Foaming Behavior of Polystyrene near the Glass Transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Salah Al-Enezi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Dissolved Gas ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Foaming Behavior ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Model C ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper examines the effect of high-pressure carbon dioxide on the foaming process in polystyrene near the glass transition temperature and the foaming was studied using cylindrical high-pressure view cell with two optical windows. This technique has potential applications in the shape foaming of polymers at lower temperatures, dye impregnation, and the foaming of polystyrene. Three sets of experiments were carried out at operating temperatures of 50, 70, and 100°C, each over a range of pressures from 24 to 120 bar. Foaming was not observed when the polymer was initially at conditions below Tg but was observed above Tg. The nucleation appeared to occur randomly leading to subsequent bubble growth from these sites, with maximum radius of 0.02–0.83 mm. Three models were applied on the foaming experimental data. Variable diffusivity and viscosity model (Model C) was applied to assess the experimental data with the WLF equation. The model shows very good agreement by using realistic parameter values. The expansion occurs by diffusion of a dissolved gas from the supersaturated polymer envelope into the bubble.

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