Computation of Overdrive Gear Ratio in Vehicle Gearbox With Considering Fuel Economy and Gearbox Specifications

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ghafoori Ahangar ◽  
M. R. Meigounpoory ◽  
A. Eskandari
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Effective Velocity ◽  
Vehicle Engine

In this article, the gear ratio of RD (An Iranian made car by Iran Khodro Co.) vehicle gearbox with considering fuel economy and gearbox specifications is evaluated. In the first step, the gearbox advantages and its effects on the engine rotational velocity with considering road load and engine torque are investigated. It is distinguished that in a specified velocity of vehicle, engine speed in overdrive state is very lower than engine speed in fourth gear. It means that noise and fuel consumption and engine wearing and damages will be decreased. The optimized region of engine operation is identified. Using a geometric progression between automotive gear ratios and entering number of effective parameters such as specific fuel consumption, minimum mean effective velocity, and etc., overdrive gear ratio is computed. Finally the overdrive gear ratio is chosen 0.81 for vehicle.

scholarly journals PENGHEMAT BAHAN BAKAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PIPA KATALIS METODE HYDROCARBON CRACK SYSTEM GANDA PADA SEPEDA MOTOR 4 TAK 160 CC

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sena Mahendra ◽  
Fahmy Fatra ◽  
Akhmad Riszal Riszal ◽  
Didik Rohmantoro
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Saving ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
In Series ◽  
High Octane

Motorized vehicles with economical fuel, agile, fast, and practical are some of the main factors consumers determine the choice of buying a motorcycle. People who own motorcycles under 2000 have not been equipped with fuel-saving devices, so they are wasteful of fuel and must be smart to save fuel. Many motorcycle manufacturers release the newest fuel-efficient products, but they affect the engine's performance. The price of premium fuel types is Rp. 6,500.00 per liter, petalite Rp. 7,600.00 per liter, firstly Rp. 8,900.00 per liter, and Pertamax turbo Rp. 10,100.00 per liter. High fuel prices encourage researchers to make various fuel-saving innovations. The purpose of this study is to develop an HCS catalyst pipe design double spiral model arranged in series to save fuel above 67% on a 4 stroke motorcycle without affecting the engine performance. The research method uses independent variables with engine speed, pipe length, pipe diameter, and Pertamax volume. Dependent variable by testing engine torque and power, fuel consumption time, temperature, and noise of the 156.7cc Mega Pro motorcycle. The addition of dual HCS catalyst spiral pipes and Pertamax volumes adds to engine performance time. At a length of 500 mm and 2000 ml, the Pertamax volume for the engine speed of 3500 rpm is only able to save fuel by 52.52%. The most optimal HCS double catalyst spiral pipe design is a 500 cm long pipe with a volume of Pertamax 2000 ml. In addition to engine performance time on the catalyst spiral pipe design can increase engine torque and power by 92.3% at 3500 rpm and reduce the temperature by 12.34% at 6000 rpm, and 1.93% noise at 4000 rpm. Increasing the double HSC catalyst spiral pipe and Pertamax volume can increase the hydrocarbon content of fuel entering the combustion chamber supplied from Pertamax vapor. Premium fuel (C8H18) plus Pertamax vapors. This makes the fuel content has a high octane value, greater engine power, and low fuel consumption. A high octane value affects perfect engine combustion, reduced knocking, low engine temperature, and decreased noise.Kendaraan bermotor dengan bahan bakar yang irit, lincah, cepat, dan praktis merupakan salah satu faktor utama konsumen menentukan pilihan membeli sepeda motor. Masyarakat yang memiliki sepeda motor di bawah tahun 2000 belum dilengkapi dengan alat penghemat bahan bakar, sehingga boros bahan bakar dan harus pintar menghemat bahan bakar. Banyak produsen sepeda motor yang mengeluarkan produk terbarunya paling irit bahan bakar, tetapi mempengaruhi performa mesinnya. Harga bahan bakar jenis premium Rp. 6.500,00 per liter, pertalite Rp. 7.600,00 per liter, pertamax Rp. 8.900,00 per liter, dan pertamax turbo Rp. 10.100,00 per liter. Harga bahan bakar yang tinggi mendorong peneliti melakukan berbagai inovasi penghemat bahan bakar.Tujuan penelitian ini mengembangkan desain pipa katalis HCS model spiral ganda yang disusun seri sehingga mampu menghemat bahan bakar diatas 67% pada sepeda motor 4 tak tanpa mempengaruhi performa mesin. Metode penelitian menggunakan variabel bebas dengan putaran mesin, panjang pipa, diameter pipa, dan volume pertamax. Variabel terikat dengan menguji torsi dan daya mesin, waktu konsumsi bahan bakar, temperatur, dan kebisingan sepeda motor Mega Pro 156,7cc. Penambahan pipa spiral katalis HCS ganda dan volume pertamax menambah waktu performa mesin. Pada panjang 500 mm dan 2000 ml volume pertamax untuk kecepatan putaran mesin 3500  rpm hanya mampu menghemat bahan bakar sebesar  52,52%. Desain pipa spiral katalis HCS ganda  yang paling optimal dari yaitu pipa dengan panjang 500 cm dan volume pertamax 2000 ml. Selain waktu performa mesin pada desain pipa spiral katalis ini dapat meningkatkan torsi dan daya mesin sebesar 92,3% pada putaran 3500 rpm serta mengurangi temperatur 12,34% pada putaran 6000 rpm, dan kebisingan 1,93% pada putaran 4000 rpm. Bertambahnya pipa spiral katalis HSC ganda dan volume pertamax dapat meningkatnya kandungan hidrokarbon bahan bakar yang masuk ke ruang pembakaran disuplay dari uap pertamax. Bahan bakar premium (C8H18) di tambah uap pertamax.menjadikan kandungan bahan bakar memiliki nilai oktan tinggi, daya mesin yang lebih besar dan komsumsi bahan bakar rendah. Nilai oktan tinggi mempengaruhi pembakaran mesin sempurna, knocking berkurang, temperatur mesin rendah, dan kebisingan menurun

An Experimental Study on Fuel Economy Improvement of a Marine Diesel Engine Using a Sequential Turbocharging System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hechun Wang ◽  
Xiannan Li ◽  
Yinyan Wang ◽  
Hailin Li
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Marine Diesel Engine ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
High Torque

Marine diesel engines usually operate on a highly boosted intake pressure. The reciprocating feature of diesel engines and the continuous flow operation characteristics of the turbocharger (TC) make the matching between the turbocharger and diesel engine very challenging. Sequential turbocharging (STC) technology is recognized as an effective approach in improving the fuel economy and exhaust emissions especially at low speed and high torque when a single stage turbocharger is not able to boost the intake air to the pressure needed. The application of STC technology also extends engine operation toward a wider range than that using a single-stage turbocharger. This research experimentally investigated the potential of a STC system in improving the performance of a TBD234V12 model marine diesel engine originally designed to operate on a single-stage turbocharger. The STC system examined consisted of a small (S) turbocharger and a large (L) turbocharger which were installed in parallel. Such a system can operate on three boosting modes noted as 1TC-S, 1TC-L and 2TC. A rule-based control algorithm was developed to smoothly switch the STC operation mode using engine speed and load as references. The potential of the STC system in improving the performance of this engine was experimentally examined over a wide range of engine speed and load. When operated at the standard propeller propulsion cycle, the application of the STC system reduced the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 3.12% averagely. The average of the exhaust temperature before turbine was decreased by 50°C. The soot and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions were reduced respectively. The examination of the engine performance over an entire engine speed and torque range demonstrated the super performance of the STC system in extending the engine operation toward the high torque at low speed (900 to 1200 RPM) while further improving the fuel economy as expected. The engine maximum torque at 900 rpm was increased from 1680Nm to 2361 Nm (40.5%). The average BSFC over entire working area was improved by 7.4%. The BSFC at low load and high torque was significantly decreased. The application of the STC system also decreased the average NOx emissions by 31.5% when examined on the propeller propulsion cycle.

scholarly journals TRACTOR’S ENGINE EFFICIENCY AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS’ RESEARCH IN DRILLING WORK

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antanas Juostas ◽  
Algirdas Janulevičius
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Engine Load

Tis paper provides an overview of possibilities for determining tractor’s engine load, fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in real operating conditions. Theuse of accumulated database in tractor’s electronic control modules for the analysis of engine load, fuel consumption and exhaust emissions is analysed. The methodology for analysis of engine power, speed and exhaust emissions’ dependencies, also for analysis of engine exhaust emissions is presented. Tis paper presents testing results of the unit combined of tractor “Massey Ferguson MF 6499” and drilling machine “Vaderstad Rapid” by engine load, fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. Drilling process time, engine load, fuel consumption and exhaust emission components’ distribution are presented in different engine speed and cyclic fuel injection modes. Test results are analysed separately for technological drilling and work processes at the headland. In the technological process of drilling, if the tractor engine speed and, correspondingly, the transmission gear ratio were reduced to get the set working speed, fuel consumption decreased, CO and CO2 emissions varied slightly, but the NOx increased significantly. Significant part of exhaust emissions occurred at headlands. The conclusion is that the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, including harmful components, can be reduced only by complex optimization of technological processes and tractor operating modes.

Reducing Fuel Usage and Co2 Emissions from Tug Boat Fleets: Sea Trials and Theoretical Modelling

2012 ◽  
Vol 154 (A1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Engine Control System ◽  
Free Running

Sea trials on a harbour tug have been conducted and are explained. The experimental results for fuel consumption per unit transport effort, under free-running (transiting) conditions, are presented and engine speed-propulsor pitch combinations for improved fuel economy are identified. A simplified analytical approach to predict fuel consumption, including the coupled engine-propulsor-hull system, is described. This rationale is combined with experimental observations and, consequently, performance maps present the complete operating envelopes of the harbour tug under both free-running and towing conditions. This combined approach proved to be effective and can be applied to the study of other tug vessels. As a consequence of this research, the engine control system on the harbour tug was modified to permit it to operate fully within the region of best fuel economy during free-running. The results from the bollard-pull predictions provide insight for the design and operation of harbour tugs in the future.

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Electrical Efficiency Improvement of a Micro Combined Heat and Power (m-CHP) System by Modifying Cam Curve of OHVG Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-222
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Goodarzvand-Chegini ◽  
Mohammdreza Habibi ◽  
Saeed Rakhsha ◽  
Leila Samiee ◽  
Meisam Amini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Valve Timing ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Chp System

Background: The purpose of this research is to study the solutions for improving the efficiency of a micro combined heat and power (m-CHP) system based on OHVG (OverHead Valve Gas fueled) engine. Method: In this regard, the effects of valve timing and changing the camshaft on the power and fuel consumption of the engine have been numerically and experimentally investigated. The tests have been performed for engine speed range from 1000 rpm to 3500 rpm, while the engine's fuel was natural gas. The numerical results are found to be in good agreement with experimental ones. The effect of changing the valve timing and camshaft on the performance of the m-CHP has been investigated through the experiments in the test room. The engine speed was 1500 rpm; output hot water was fixed at 55oC; and output electrical power varies from 8 kW to 13 kW in the experiments. Results & Conclusion: The experimental results of the engine test indicate that, by changing the camshaft for full load operation and speed 1500 rpm, engine torque and volumetric efficiency improved by 7.2% and 6.0%, respectively, and fuel consumption decreased by 0.8%. According to the results, the best point for the performance of m-CHP is close to the full load of the electrical power because by increasing the electrical load, electrical efficiency increases from about 25.9% to 32.3%, while the thermal efficiency decreases from about 61.9% to 56.1%.

Series valve speed control system: A new type of spark ignition engine speed control system without throttle

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (5) ◽  
pp. 1345-1351
Author(s):  
Peiyan Sun ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Changzhong Man ◽  
Yunbang Tang ◽  
Yi Wan
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Speed Control System

Spark ignition engines perform with low power efficiency and low fuel economy for which the throttling loss is the main reason. This paper introduces a new kind of intake control system-series valve speed control system that consists of two intake valves connected in series. It is operated without throttle to reduce the engine intake loss and thereby improve fuel economy under medium- and low-load working conditions. Through experiments, we confirm that compared with the basal spark ignition engine, the spark ignition engine with series valve speed control system can reduce fuel consumption, and the maximum fuel consumption rate can be increased up to 12% at the engine speed of 3000 r/min.

scholarly journals Developing Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for Advanced Hybrid System-II Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2033
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Ying Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy

Compared with conventional vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have the advantage of high-energy conversion efficiency, which can have better fuel economy and lower emissions. The main issue of HEVs is how to develop an energy management strategy to achieve significantly better fuel efficiency. In this research, the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) was applied to optimize the performance of fuel consumption in the Advanced Hybrid System-II (AHS-II). Based on FTP-75 Test Procedure defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a backward simulation module was established. The baseline simulation module with the rule-based control strategy was validated with the original fuel consumption data. Then, the module with ECMS followed the same control rules of engine on/off and mode selection, and the fuel consumption of ECMS was compared with the simulation results of the baseline model. The fuel economy improvements of ECMS in urban, highway driving pattern, and composite fuel economy were up to 8.5%, 7.7%, and 8.1%, respectively. The simulation results showed that the difference of motors’ working efficiency was only 1.2% between ECMS and baseline rule-based control strategies. The main reason of fuel consumption improvement was the engine operation chosen by ECMS, which provided better power distribution.

scholarly journals TO THE COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF FUEL ECONOMY OF THE BTR-70 CAR WITH DIFFERENT TRANSMISSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (50) ◽  
pp. 198-209
Author(s):  
Sakhno V ◽  
◽  
Dykich O ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Steady Motion ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Gasoline Engines

The article considers the issue of choosing a gearbox for the modernization of the BTR-70 by replacing two gasoline engines with two diesels. The object of research is the fuel economy of the BTR-70 car with different gearboxes when replacing two gasoline engines with two diesels. The purpose of the work – to determine the type and gear ratio of the transmission, which provides the best fuel efficiency of the car. Research method - mathematical modeling. When replacing a gasoline engine with a diesel of a different power and a different speed range, it is necessary to determine the gear ratio so as to provide the car with the required level of speed properties in the specified operating conditions with minimal fuel consumption. Due to the fact that the modernization of the BTR-70 involves the replacement of the engine and transmission, the further search for the gearbox was carried out on the basis of analysis of existing structures by the maximum torque of the engine. A five-speed and eight-speed MAZ gearbox and a six-speed Mercedes-Benz G 85-6 / 6.7 gearbox were used for analysis. Taking into account the fact that at a given coefficient of drag  = 0.03 the car can move only in direct gear, then for all gearboxes the fuel characteristics of steady motion will be the same as the control fuel consumption, which was 30 l / 100 km. In terms of fuel consumption during the acceleration of the car and the average kilometer fuel consumption when driving on paved roads, preference should be given to a car with a Mercedes-Benz G 85-6 / 6,7 transmission and only when driving in difficult road conditions, preference should be given to the car with 8-speed MAZ-5335 transmission. KEY WORDS: CAR, ENGINE, FUEL ECONOMY, TRANSMISSION, GEAR RATING, SPEED, COMPARATIVE EVALUATION

Experimental Study of Engine Performance and Fuel Consumption Using Various Blends: Ethanol, Naphthalene and Palm Oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 701 ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Mohammad Irfan Hazmi Ismail ◽  
Rusli Othman ◽  
Loke Kean Koay
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
High Engine Speed

The depletion of fossil fuel resource is creating demand for new renewable energy resources. An experimental study was conducted in order to determine effects of various fuel blends including small amount of ethanol, naphthalene and palm oil in petrol on a single cylinder spark ignition engine. Engine performance and fuel consumption were investigated using an engine dynamometer with various loads and engine speed. Engine performance was obtained by recording the engine torque during low, medium and high engine speed from 1200 rpm - 4700 rpm. Fuel consumption of the blends was determined by the brake specific fuel consumption. Palm oil showed about 50% reduction in engine torque for the blends of 3 % and 5 %, while naphthalene showed about 11% reduction for the engine torque when the engine speed is more than 4000 rpm. Ethanol showed a slight improvement of about 1% in engine torque. 20% of ethanol blending fuel gave out the best result in terms of torque. Besides, 20% of ethanol blend found to be decreased in fuel consumption for about 9% when running at 2500 rpm in comparison with 100% petrol.

scholarly journals Influence of engine power and shifting mode on energy-performance parameters of tractor's set

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
J. Čupera ◽  
T. Šmerda
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Performance Category ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Engine Power

The aim of the paper is to assess the impact of engine power and shifting mode on the parameters of a tractor used in transport operation. To meet the objective, measurements were performed with three tractors of the Case IH product line with different maximum power and with the same trailer and load that crossed a track with 21,8 km of distance. The record files saved following values: altitude, time of trip, tractor velocity, hour fuel consumption, engine speed, actual engine torque, fuel temperature, and position. The measurement results clearly show the unsuitability of aggregation of a tractor in higher performance category, resulting in the increase in its fuel consumption does not increase performance. To improve the utilization of powerful tractors, it is necessary to reduce their weight and aggregate them with more axles on the trailers in order to better use the potential power caused by possibility of more load.

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