Gas Turbine Power Augmentation Using Fog Inlet Air-Cooling System

Volume 1 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ameri ◽  
Hamid Nabati ◽  
Alireza Keshtgar
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Air Cooling System

Gas turbines are almost constant volume machines at a specific rotating speed, i.e., air intake is limited to a nearly fixed volume of air regardless of ambient air conditions. As air temperature rises, its density falls. Thus, although the volumetric flow rate remains constant, the mass flow rate is reduced as air temperature rises. Power output is also reduced as air temperature rises because power output is proportional to mass flow rate. This power output reduction is from 0.5% to 0.9% of the ISO output power for every 1°C rise in the ambient temperature. The solution of this problem is very important because the peak demand season also happens in the summer. One of the useful methods to overcome this problem is to apply the fog inlet air cooling system for the gas turbines. In this paper the Rey Power Plant site climate conditions in the summer have been studied. The design conditions regarding the dry bulb temperature and relative humidity have been selected. The different inlet air cooling systems have been studied and the Fog system has been chosen. The economical study has shown that this system is very cheap in comparison with the installation of the new gas turbines. The capital cost is estimated to be 40 $/KW. The pay back period is around 1.5 year. The testing of this system has shown that the average power capacity of the power plant is increased by 19 MW and prevented the installation of a new gas turbine.

Gas Turbine-Based Combined Cycle Power Plant Modeling and Effects of Ambient Temperature

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Shaw ◽  
Farshid Zabihian ◽  
Alan S. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Air Cooling System

This paper presents results of the combined cycle power plant (CCPP) modeling when the ambient temperature is varying. The model of the CCPP was developed using a gas turbine and a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) models that had been already developed and validated. The model of the components was developed based on an actual existing power plant and then the operational data of the power plant was used to validate the model. The results of running the model for various ambient temperatures demonstrated that the performance of the gas turbine part of the cycle was heavily affected by the changes in the ambient temperature, particularly the output power of the gas turbines. However, the performance of the steam cycle was almost untouched by the changes of ambient temperature. This suggests that operation of the CCPP is more stable than stand-alone gas turbine in hot summer days especially if the cycle is not equipped with an inlet air cooling system.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Gas Turbine Performance With Different Inlet Air Cooling Techniques

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Pereira dos Santos ◽  
Claudia Regina de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Unit Energy

For geographic regions where significant power demand and highest electricity prices occur during the warm months, a gas turbine inlet air cooling technique is a useful option for increasing output. Inlet air cooling increases the power output by taking advantage of the gas turbine’s feature of higher mass flow rate, due the compressor inlet temperature decays. Industrial gas turbines that operate at constant speed are constant-volume-flow combustion machines. As the specific volume of air is directly proportional to the temperature, the increases of the air density results in a higher air mass flow rate once the volumetric rate is constant. Consequently, the gas turbine power output enhances. Different methods are available for reducing compressor intake air temperature. There are two basic systems currently available for inlet cooling. The first and most cost-effective system is evaporative cooling. Evaporative coolers make use of the evaporation of water to reduce the gas turbine inlet air temperature. The second system employs two ways to cool the inlet air: mechanical compression and absorption. In this method, the cooling medium flows through a heat exchanger located in the inlet duct to remove heat from the inlet air. In the present study, a thermodynamic analysis of gas turbine performance is carried out to calculate heat rate, power output and thermal efficiency at different inlet air temperature and relative humidity conditions. The results obtained with this model are compared with the values of the condition without cooling herein named of Base-Case. Then, the three cooling techniques are computationally implemented and solved for different inlet conditions (inlet temperature and relative humidity). In addition, the gas turbine was performed under different cooling methods applied for two Brazilian sites, the comparison between chiller systems (mechanical and absorption) showed that the absorption chiller provides the highest increment in annual energy generation with lower unit energy costs. On the other hand, evaporative cooler offers the lowest unit energy cost but associated with a limited cooling potential.

scholarly journals Off-Design Performances of an Organic Rankine Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery from Gas Turbines

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Carcasci ◽  
Lapo Cheli ◽  
Pietro Lubello ◽  
Lorenzo Winchler
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Mass

This paper presents an off-design analysis of a gas turbine Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) combined cycle. Combustion turbine performances are significantly affected by fluctuations in ambient conditions, leading to relevant variations in the exhaust gases’ mass flow rate and temperature. The effects of the variation of ambient air temperature have been considered in the simulation of the topper cycle and of the condenser in the bottomer one. Analyses have been performed for different working fluids (toluene, benzene and cyclopentane) and control systems have been introduced on critical parameters, such as oil temperature and air mass flow rate at the condenser fan. Results have highlighted similar power outputs for cycles based on benzene and toluene, while differences as high as 34% have been found for cyclopentane. The power output trend with ambient temperature has been found to be influenced by slope discontinuities in gas turbine exhaust mass flow rate and temperature and by the upper limit imposed on the air mass flow rate at the condenser as well, suggesting the importance of a correct sizing of the component in the design phase. Overall, benzene-based cycle power output has been found to vary between 4518 kW and 3346 kW in the ambient air temperature range considered.

Influence of Steam Injection on Thermal Efficiency and Operating Temperature of GE-F5 Gas Turbines Applying VODOLEY System

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ghazikhani ◽  
Nima Manshoori ◽  
Davood Tafazoli
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

An industrial gas turbine has the characteristic that turbine output decreases on hot summer days when electricity demand peaks. For GE-F5 gas turbines of Mashad Power Plant when ambient temperature increases 1° C, compressor outlet temperature increases 1.13° C and turbine exhaust temperature increases 2.5° C. Also air mass flow rate decreases about 0.6 kg/sec when ambient temperature increases 1° C, so it is revealed that variations are more due to decreasing in the efficiency of compressor and less due to reduction in mass flow rate of air as ambient temperature increases in constant power output. The cycle efficiency of these GE-F5 gas turbines reduces 3 percent with increasing 50° C of ambient temperature, also the fuel consumption increases as ambient temperature increases for constant turbine work. These are also because of reducing in the compressor efficiency in high temperature ambient. Steam injection in gas turbines is a way to prevent a loss in performance of gas turbines caused by high ambient temperature and has been used for many years. VODOLEY system is a steam injection system, which is known as a self-sufficient one in steam production. The amount of water vapor in combustion products will become regenerated in a contact condenser and after passing through a heat recovery boiler is injected in the transition piece after combustion chamber. In this paper the influence of steam injection in Mashad Power Plant GE-F5 gas turbine parameters, applying VODOLEY system, is being observed. Results show that in this turbine, the turbine inlet temperature (T3) decreases in a range of 5 percent to 11 percent depending on ambient temperature, so the operating parameters in a gas turbine cycle equipped with VODOLEY system in 40° C of ambient temperature is the same as simple gas turbine cycle in 10° C of ambient temperature. Results show that the thermal efficiency increases up to 10 percent, but Back-Work ratio increases in a range of 15 percent to 30 percent. Also results show that although VODOLEY system has water treatment cost but by using this system the running cost will reduce up to 27 percent.

Development of Next Generation Gas Turbine Combined Cycle System

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Yamazaki ◽  
Yoshiaki Nishimura ◽  
Masahiro Abe ◽  
Kazumasa Takata ◽  
Satoshi Hada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Air Cooling System ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Cooling Air

Tohoku Electric Power Company, Inc. (Tohoku-EPCO) has been adopting cutting-edge gas turbines for gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) power plants to contribute for reduction of energy consumption, and making a continuous effort to study the next generation gas turbines to further improve GTCC power plants efficiency and flexibility. Tohoku-EPCO and Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd (MHPS) developed “forced air cooling system” as a brand-new combustor cooling system for the next generation GTCC system in a collaborative project. The forced air cooling system can be applied to gas turbines with a turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of 1600deg.C or more by controlling the cooling air temperature and the amount of cooling air. Recently, the forced air cooling system verification test has been completed successfully at a demonstration power plant located within MHPS Takasago Works (T-point). Since the forced air cooling system has been verified, the 1650deg.C class next generation GTCC power plant with the forced air cooling system is now being developed. Final confirmation test of 1650deg.C class next generation GTCC system will be carried out in 2020.

scholarly journals A Numerical Analysis of the Air-Cooling System of a Spark Ignition Aeronautical Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Maria Faruoli ◽  
Annarita Viggiano ◽  
Paolo Caso ◽  
Vinicio Magi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Air Cooling System

It is well known that spark ignition internal combustion engines for aeronautical applications operate within a specific temperature range to avoid structural damages, detonations and loss of efficiency of the combustion process. An accurate assessment of the cooling system performance is a crucial aspect in order to guarantee broad operating conditions of the engine. In this framework, the use of a Conjugate Heat Transfer method is a proper choice, since it allows to estimate both the heat fluxes between the engine walls and the cooling air and the temperature distribution along the outer wall surfaces of the engine, and to perform parametric analyses by varying the engine operating conditions. In this work, the air-cooling system of a 4-cylinder spark ignition engine, designed by CMD Engine Company for aeronautical applications, is analysed in order to evaluate the amount of the air mass flow rate to guarantee the heat transfer under full load operating conditions. A preliminary validation of the model is performed by comparing the results with available experimental data. A parametric study is also performed to assess the influence of the controlling parameters on the cooling system efficiency. This study is carried out by varying the inlet air mass flow rate from 1.0 kg/s to 1.5 kg/s and the temperature of the inner wall surfaces of the engine combustion chambers from 390 K to 430 K.

scholarly journals A New Gas Turbine Cycle for Economical Power Boosting

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoaki Utamura ◽  
Isao Takehara ◽  
Nobuyuki Horii ◽  
Takaaki Kuwahara
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Water Droplet ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Air Cooling System

A Moisture Air Turbine (MAT) cycle is proposed for improving the characteristics of land based gas turbine by injecting atomized water at inlet to compressor. The power boosting mechanism of MAT is understood as composits of those of following existing systems: inlet air cooling system, inter-cooling and steam injection. Experiments using a 15MW class axial flow load compressor have been carried out to reveal that water evaporation in compressor could reduce compressor work in an efficient manner. Moreover, this technology has been demonstrated by means of 130MW class simple cycle gas turbine power plant to show that a small amount of water consumption is sufficient to increase power output. Very efficient evaporation could be achieved provided the size of water droplet is controlled properly. The amount of water consumption is much less than that of conventional inlet air cooling system with cooling tower for heat rejection. Incorporating water droplet evaporation profile into consideration, realistic cycle calculation model has been developed to predict power output with water injection. It has been shown that this technology is economically achievable. It should be stressed that contrary to well known evaporative cooler, MAT cycle could provide power output at a desired value within its capability regardless of ambient humidity condition.

Power Enhancement of Gas Turbine Plant by Intake Air Fog Cooling

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Yadav ◽  
Bharat Raj Singh ◽  
Onkar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Power Enhancement

Although gas turbines are known as constant volume machines, but its performance considerably depends upon the ambient air temperature and mass flow rate. During summer season the density of the air decreases which affects the mass flow rate and ultimately the power output of a gas turbine is reduced. In order to overcome this situation several techniques are already in the practice and one of the most effective and economical is adopting the inlet fog cooling, and this technique basically enhances the power output of the machine. The cooling of ambient air by fog cooling up to wet bulb temperature increases the mass flow rate on account of increase in air density, as a result it ultimately increases the power output of a gas turbine. Fogging is applied with consideration of relative humidity of ambient air not only during summer season but also during dry days of summer season in order to increase the power output of gas turbine. This paper describes the effect on percentage enhancement of power out adopting various fuel options with low and high humidity ambient conditions. The result indicates the potential increase in the power output up to 14%. It is also observed that the total cost of power production increases due to increase in fuel consumption on account of enhanced power output. Thus the best suitable selling cost of power should be selected to compensate the increased investment on fuel cost.

The Study of the Effects of Gas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling on the Heat Recovery Boiler Performance

Volume 1 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ameri ◽  
Hamidreza Shahbaziyan ◽  
Hadi Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Heat Recovery Boiler ◽  
Air Cooling

Heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) are widely used in industrial processes and combined cycle power plants. The quantity and the state of the produced steam depend on the flue gas temperature and its mass flow rate. Two key factors, which affect those parameters, are the ambient temperature and the load of the gas turbines. The output power of the gas turbines degrades considerably in hot days of summer. The use of the inlet air cooling system to eliminate this problem is rapidly increasing. One of the effective methods is cooling the inlet air to the compressor by Evaporative Coolers. The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of the evaporative inlet air cooling system on the performance of a heat recovery boiler in a combined cycle power plant. The heat and mass balance of a typical HRSG and its components including the superheaters, evaporators and economizers were calculated. To analyze the effects of the changes in ambient temperature and the flue gas flow, a numerical software has been used. The results have shown that using the evaporative cooler will increase the flue gas mass flow rate to the HRSG. Nevertheless, the exhaust gas temperature control system holds this temperature almost constant. Also, the results show that the produced steam temperature remains almost constant. However, the steam mass flow rate increases. Therefore the output power of the steam turbine of the combined cycle will increase. The effect of the increase in the humidity ratio is shown to be insignificant. In fact, it has negligible effect on the produced steam flow rate and the sulfuric acid dew point.

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