scholarly journals Design Requirements for Direct Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Receiver Development and Testing

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus D. Ortega ◽  
Sagar D. Khivsara ◽  
Joshua M. Christian ◽  
Clifford K. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Technical Challenges ◽  
Requirements Document ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

This paper establishes the design requirements for the development and testing of direct supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) solar receivers. Current design considerations are based on the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC). Section I (BPVC) considers typical boilers/superheaters (i.e. fired pressure vessels) which work under a constant low heat flux. Section VIII (BPVC) considers pressure vessels with operating pressures above 15 psig [2 bar] (i.e. unfired pressure vessels). Section III, Division I – Subsection NH (BPVC) considers a more detailed stress calculation, compared to Section I and Section VIII, and requires a creep-fatigue analysis. The main drawback from using the BPVC exclusively is the large safety requirements developed for nuclear power applications. As a result, a new set of requirements is needed to perform detailed thermal-structural analyses of solar thermal receivers subjected to a spatially-varying, high-intensity heat flux. The last design requirements document of this kind was an interim Sandia report developed in 1979 (SAND79-8183), but it only addresses some of the technical challenges in early-stage steam and molten-salt solar receivers but not the use of sCO2 receivers. This paper presents a combination of the ASME BPVC and ASME B31.1 Code modified appropriately to achieve the reliability requirements in sCO2 solar power systems. There are five main categories in this requirements document: Operation and Safety, Materials and Manufacturing, Instrumentation, Maintenance and Environmental, and General requirements. This paper also includes the modeling guidelines and input parameters required in computational fluid dynamics and structural analyses utilizing ANSYS Fluent, ANSYS Mechanical, and nCode Design Life. The main purpose of this document is to serve as a reference and guideline for design and testing requirements, as well as to address the technical challenges and provide initial parameters for the computational models that will be employed for the development of sCO2 receivers.

scholarly journals Design Optimization of Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger in a Gas Turbine and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Combined Cycle with Thermal Oil Loop

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Yue Cao ◽  
Jun Zhan ◽  
Jianxin Zhou ◽  
Fengqi Si
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Pareto Frontier ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Thermal Oil ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

This paper presents an investigation on the optimum design for a plate-fin heat exchanger (PFHE) of a gas and supercritical carbon dioxide combined cycle which uses thermal oil as intermediate heat-transfer fluid. This may promote the heat transfer from low heat-flux exhaust to a high heat-flux supercritical carbon dioxide stream. The number of fin layers, plate width and geometrical parameters of fins on both sides of PFHE are selected as variables to be optimized by a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II), which is a multi-objective genetic algorithm. For the confliction of heat transfer area and pressure drop on the exhaust side, which are the objective indexes, the result of NSGA-II is a Pareto frontier. The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach is applied to choose the optimum solution from the Pareto frontier. Finally, further simulation is performed to analyze the effect of each parameter to objective indexes and confirm the rationality of optimization results.

High Flux Microscale Solar Thermal Receiver for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycles

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L’Estrange ◽  
Eric Truong ◽  
Charles Rymal ◽  
Erfan Rasouli ◽  
Vinod Narayanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Thermal Receiver ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Characterization of a microchannel solar thermal receiver for a supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) is presented. The receiver design is based on conjugate computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer simulations as well as thermo-mechanical stress analysis. Two receivers are fabricated and experimentally characterized — a parallel microchannel design and a microscale pin fin array design. Lab-scale experiments have been used to demonstrate the receiver integrity at the design pressure of 125 bar at 750°C surface temperature. A concentrated solar simulator was designed and assembled to characterize the thermal performance of the lab scale receiver test articles. Results indicate that, for a fixed exit fluid temperature of 650°C, increase in incident heat flux results in an increase in receiver and thermal efficiency. At a fixed heat flux, efficiency decreased with an increase in receiver surface temperature. The ability to absorb flux of up to 100 W/cm2 at thermal efficiency in excess of 90 percent and exit fluid temperature of 650°C using the microchannel receiver is demonstrated. Pressure drop for the pin array at the maximum flow rate for heat transfer experiments is less than 0.64 percent of line pressure.

scholarly journals Experimental study on forced convective heat transfer of supercritical carbon dioxide in a horizontal circular tube under high heat flux and low mass flux conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 168781401983080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhui Wang ◽  
Pengcheng Guo ◽  
Jianguo Yan ◽  
Fengling Zhu ◽  
Xingqi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mass Flux ◽  
High Heat ◽  
High Heat Flux ◽  
Buoyancy Effect ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

This study focuses on the convective heat transfer characteristics of supercritical carbon dioxide flowing in a horizontal circular tube under high heat flux and low mass flux conditions. The influences of thermophysical property, buoyancy effect, and thermal acceleration on the heat transfer characteristics are discussed. The parameters are as follows: system pressure is 7.6–8.4 MPa, mass flux is 400–500 kg/m2 s, heat flux is 30–200 kW/m2, fluid temperature is 20°C −62°C, and Reynolds number is 1.23 × 104 to 4.3 × 104. The wall temperature and heat transfer coefficient of supercritical carbon dioxide are obtained. The results show that, under the condition of high heat flux and low mass flux, heat transfer deterioration would happen, in which thermophysical property and buoyancy effect are the main factors. When the pressure is 7.6 MPa, the buoyancy factor is greater than 10−3 in the whole heat transfer area, and the buoyancy effect cannot be ignored, while the thermal acceleration factor is 9.5 × 10−8 to 4 × 10−6 and the effect of thermal acceleration can be negligible. The experimental data are compared with the predictions using seven empirical correlations, in which the Liao–Zhao correlation shows the best performance.

Development of a Solar Receiver Based on Compact Heat Exchanger Technology for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycles

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeb M. Besarati ◽  
D. Yogi Goswami ◽  
Elias K. Stefanakos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Compact Heat Exchanger ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Supercritical carbon dioxide (s-CO2) can be used both as a heat transfer and working fluid in solar power tower plants. The main concern in the design of a direct s-CO2 receiver is the high operating pressures, i.e., close to 20 MPa. At such high pressures, conventional receivers do not exhibit the necessary mechanical strength or thermal performance. In this paper, a receiver based on compact heat exchanger technology is developed. The receiver consists of a group of plates with square-shaped channels which are diffusion bonded together to tolerate the high operating pressure. A computational model is developed and validated against data in the literature. Inconel 625 is used as the base material because of its superior resistance against corrosion in the presence of s-CO2. The receiver heats s-CO2 with mass flow rate of 1 kg/s from 530 °C to 700 °C under a solar flux density of 500 kW/m2. The influence of different parameters on the performance of the receiver is evaluated by a parametric analysis. Subsequently, a multi-objective optimization is performed to determine the optimal geometry of the heat exchanger considering the tradeoff between objective functions, such as unit thermal resistance and pressure drop. The design variables are hydraulic diameter, number of layers, and distance between the channels. The mechanical strength of the system is the constraint to the problem, which is evaluated using an ASME code for the pressure vessels. Finally, the temperature profiles inside the channels and the surface of the receiver are presented. It is shown that the fluid reaches the desired temperature while the maximum temperature of the surface remains well below the material limit.

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