scholarly journals Assessment of Photovoltaic Surface Texturing on Transmittance Effects and Glint/Glare Impacts

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Yellowhair ◽  
Clifford K. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Standard Glass ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Pv Modules

Standard glass and polymer covers on photovoltaic modules can partially reflect the sunlight causing glint and glare. Glint and glare from large photovoltaic installations can be significant and have the potential to create hazards for motorists, air-traffic controllers and pilots flying near installations. In this work, the reflectance, surface roughness and reflected solar beam spread were measured from various photovoltaic modules acquired from seven different manufacturers. The surface texturing of the PV modules varied from smooth to roughly textured. Correlations between the measured surface texturing (roughness parameters) and beam spread (subtended angle) were determined. These correlations were then used to assess surface texturing effects on transmittance and ocular impacts of glare from photovoltaic module covers. The results can be used to drive the designs for photovoltaic surface texturing to improve transmittance and minimize glint/glare.

scholarly journals Laser Surface Texturing and Electropolishing of CoCr and Ti6Al4V-ELI Alloys for Biomedical Applications

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5203
Author(s):  
Jesús A. Sandoval-Robles ◽  
Ciro A. Rodríguez ◽  
Erika García-López
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Laser Surface Texturing ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Roughness Parameters ◽  
Materials Used

The interplay between a prosthetic and tissue represents an important factor for the fixation of orthopedic implants. Laser texturing tests and electropolishing were performed on two materials used in the fabrication of medical devices, i.e., CoCr and Ti6Al4V-ELI alloys. The material surface was textured with a diode-pumped solid state (DPSS) laser and its effect on the surface quality and material modification, under different combinations of laser power and marking speed, were investigated. Our results indicate that an increment of energy per unit length causes an incremental trend in surface roughness parameters. Additionally, phase transformation on the surface of both alloys was achieved. Chemical analysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) shows the formation of (Co(Cr,Mo)) phase and the M23C6 precipitate on the CoCr surface; while quantitative analysis of the X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results demonstrates the oxidation of the Ti alloy with the formation of Ti2O and Ti6O from the reduction of the α-Ti phase. The behaviors were both related with an increase of the energy per unit length. Control of the final surface roughness was achieved by an electropolishing post-treatment, minimizing the as-treated values. After polishing, a reduction of surface roughness parameters was obtained in a range between 3% and 44%, while no changes in chemical composition or present phases were observed.

Modeling of Surface Topography for Reduced Friction

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Sedlacˇek ◽  
Bojan Podgornik ◽  
Jozˇe Vizˇintin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Textured Surfaces ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Contact Conditions ◽  
Surface Roughness Parameters ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Texture Size

The aim of the present research was to investigate surface topography in terms of different surface roughness parameters and to correlate surface topography change to friction of contact surfaces. For this purpose, different 100Cr6 plate samples with different surface topography were prepared. Using different grades and combinations of grinding and polishing samples with similar Ra values, but different Rku and Rsk values were obtained. To evaluate influence of roughness parameters on friction and wear, dry and lubricated pin-on-disc tests were carried out under different contact conditions. Test results indicate that high Rku and negative Rsk values lead to decrease in friction. To investigate the effect of surface texturing on surface roughness parameters, real roughness profiles were virtually altered to achieve virtually textured surfaces. Using NIST SMATS softgauge for calculation of surface roughness parameters, virtually altered roughness profiles were investigated in terms of texture size, shape and spacing, and their influence on surface roughness parameters, especially on skewness and kurtosis. Lower diameter, higher spacing and wedge-shaped dimples reflect in higher Rku and more negative Rsk parameters.

scholarly journals The Condition of Photovoltaic Modules under Random Operation Parameters

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8358
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Trzmiel ◽  
Jaroslaw Jajczyk ◽  
Ewa Kardas-Cinal ◽  
Norbert Chamier-Gliszczynski ◽  
Waldemar Wozniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Residual Method ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Operation Parameters

The paper presents an original method underlying an efficient tool for assessing the condition of photovoltaic (PV) modules, in particular, those made of amorphous cells. Significantly random changes in operational parameters characterize amorphous cell operation and cause them to be challenging to test, especially in working conditions. To develop the method, the authors modified the residual method with incorporated histograms. The proposed method has been verified through experiments that show the usefulness of the proposed approach. It significantly minimizes the risk of false diagnostic information in assessing the condition of photovoltaic modules. Based on the proposed methods, the inference results confirm the effectiveness of the concept for evaluating the degree of failure of the photovoltaic module described in the paper.

Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Tools for Selection Photovoltaic Modules

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
Gabriela Demian ◽  
Mihai Demian ◽  
Stefan Radu ◽  
Sandu Dubovan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Decision Methods ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Criteria For Selection

This paper presents aplying a multi-criteria decision methods to evaluate an optimum photovoltaic module for the construction of a solar park. In this work, seven number of alternative of photovoltaic modules and four criteria for selection is used for the optimal solution. The result from the research demonstrate which of the analyzed PV modules is the most convenient to be used for construction of a solar park.

scholarly journals Use of an Indoor Solar Flash Test Device to Evaluate Production Loss Associated to Specific Defects on Photovoltaic Modules

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-646
Author(s):  
Silvia Luciani ◽  
Gianluca Coccia ◽  
Sebastiano Tomassetti ◽  
Mariano Pierantozzi ◽  
Giovanni Di Nicola
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Production Loss ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Class A ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Destructive Methods

During their lifetime, photovoltaic (PV) plants are subject to a normal degradation of their components, and they are consequently characterized by decrease of the expected production. In order to prevent and evaluate failures and loss of production, specific tests can be carried out on the PV modules. Non-destructive methods, such as visual inspection and infrared thermography, can be performed in order to determine production failures or defects on the PV modules. I-V curves allow to estimate the performance of photovoltaic modules and strings, estimating the deviation between the power of the examined module and that declared by the manufacturer. The aim of this work is to evaluate the efficiency loss of photovoltaic modules associated to specific defects, causing in a systematic way some faults on a set of brand-new modules and assessing the relative decrease of power. The set of brand-new photovoltaic modules, after being damaged, was experimentally characterized determining their I-V curves by means of an indoor solar flash test device based on a class A+ AM 1.5 solar simulator. Using the I-V curves as a dataset, it was possible to estimate the incidence of different defects on the power of the photovoltaic module being considered.

scholarly journals An Improved Nonlinear Five-Point Model for Photovoltaic Modules

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakaros Bogning Dongue ◽  
Donatien Njomo ◽  
Lessly Ebengai
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Point Model ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Pv Modules

This paper presents an improved nonlinear five-point model capable of analytically describing the electrical behaviors of a photovoltaic module for each generic operating condition of temperature and solar irradiance. The models used to replicate the electrical behaviors of operating PV modules are usually based on some simplified assumptions which provide convenient mathematical model which can be used in conventional simulation tools. Unfortunately, these assumptions cause some inaccuracies, and hence unrealistic economic returns are predicted. As an alternative, we used the advantages of a nonlinear analytical five-point model to take into account the nonideal diode effects and nonlinear effects generally ignored, which PV modules operation depends on. To verify the capability of our method to fit PV panel characteristics, the procedure was tested on three different panels. Results were compared with the data issued by manufacturers and with the results obtained using the five-parameter model proposed by other authors.

scholarly journals A Review of I–V Tracers for Photovoltaic Modules: Topologies and Challenges

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1283
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Morales-Aragonés ◽  
Miguel Dávila-Sacoto ◽  
Luis G. González ◽  
Víctor Alonso-Gómez ◽  
Sara Gallardo-Saavedra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Electronic Elements ◽  
Topology Selection

Current–voltage (I–V) curve tracers are used for measuring voltage and current in photovoltaic (PV) modules. I–V curves allow identifying certain faults in the photovoltaic module, as well as quantifying the power performance of the device. I–V curve tracers are present in different topologies and configurations, by means of rheostats, capacitive loads, electronic loads, transistors, or by means of DC–DC converters. This article focuses on presenting all these configurations. The paper shows the electrical parameters to which the electronic elements of the equipment are exposed using LTSpice, facilitating the appropriate topology selection. Additionally, a comparison has been included between the different I–V tracers’ topologies, analyzing their advantages and disadvantages, considering different factors such as their flexibility, modularity, cost, precision, speed or rating, as well as the characteristics of the different DC–DC converters.

Planning surface texturing for reduced friction in lubricated sliding using surface roughness parameters skewness and kurtosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 226 (8) ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sedlaček ◽  
B Podgornik ◽  
J Vižintin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Contact Conditions ◽  
Surface Roughness Parameters ◽  
Micro Channels ◽  
Contact Surfaces ◽  
Skewness And Kurtosis ◽  
Lubricated Sliding

The aim of this research was to confirm skewness and kurtosis parameters as two main roughness parameters which describe tribological properties of contact surfaces, especially pointing out their application in surface texturing. Based on our previous virtual texturing findings, steel samples were laser textured in a manner to achieve micro-channels with different spacing and width of the channels. Lubricated tests under different contact conditions were done to evaluate their influence on friction. It was confirmed that higher Sku and more negative Ssk can be used for planning surface texturing.

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