Estimating the Biogas Potential From Colleges and Universities

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Ebner ◽  
Shwe Sin Win ◽  
Swati Hegde ◽  
Scott Vadney ◽  
Anahita Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
New York State ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Rochester Institute Of Technology ◽  
Institute Of Technology

Academic institutions present a unique opportunity for anaerobic digestion (AD) projects in that they have a concentrated population that generates waste, utilizes heat and electrical power, and often are motivated to implement sustainability initiatives. However, implementation of AD on college campuses in the U.S. is only beginning to emerge and data required to size and operate digesters are limited. This paper provides formulae to estimate food waste generated at college and university campuses base upon data collected at the Rochester Institute of Technology. Bottom-up and top-down estimates are presented and results are compared to an extensive review of publicly available data from other colleges and universities. The bottom-up methodology resulted in a lower estimate (18 kg food waste/enrolled student) than the top-down estimate (29 kg/enrolled student). Both were significantly lower than the estimate previously reported in the literature (64 kg/enrolled student). Bench-scale co-digestion experiments of the food waste with dairy manure resulted in a methane yield of 437 ml CH4/g VS. Applying this methodology to only 4-year colleges in New York State has the potential to generate 27 million GJ of energy from food waste.

Top-Down and Bottom-Up Regulation of Communities

Ecology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan B. Shurin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Defensive Strategies ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Entire History ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Strong Contender ◽  
Apparent Association

The dichotomy between top-down and bottom-up forces acting on populations and communities has informed and motivated research in ecology over its entire history. Early practitioners emphasized the importance of bottom-up control because of the apparent association between many species and the supply of resources from the environment. Consumers and predators, the sources of top-down control, were often assumed to exert little influence over the composition of communities or the dynamics of ecosystems. Thomas Huxley’s famous assertion in 1883 that “all the great sea fisheries, are inexhaustible; that is to say, that nothing we do seriously affects the number of the fish” reflects the general impression about the effects of many consumers, including humans, on populations of their prey (“The abundance of the seas,” New York Times, 17 November 1895). Predators were considered to be agents of natural selection, removing unfit individuals but having little impact on the numbers of their prey, which were often thought to be capable of mounting effective defensive strategies and prodigious reproduction. Top-down regulation became a strong contender as an alternative to bottom-up control in the 1960s, when theoretical and empirical evidence began to accumulate that consumers exert considerable influence over the ecosystems they inhabit. Since then a much-richer picture has emerged of how, where, and when top-down and bottom-up forces come into play and of the interaction between the two. This article deals with approaches to disentangling the effects of predators and resources on communities and ecosystems and what they have revealed about the structure and dynamics of nature.

A Statewide Analysis of Student Web Portfolios in New York Colleges and Universities

2008 ◽  
pp. 1655-1665
Author(s):  
John DiMarco
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
New York State ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Student Enrollment ◽  
Research Project ◽  
York State ◽  
Academic Settings

This survey research project investigated the existence of Web portfolios on academic Web sites in New York State. The goal of this project was to promote Web portfolios and the main objective was to provide interpretation of the current level of student Web portfolio usage and activity within all New York colleges and universities. Major findings were that there is a low quantity of Web portfolios in relation to overall student enrollment, thus providing impetus to study a new phenomenon, lack of Web portfolios. The study yielded data providing a breakdown of where and how many Web portfolios were found. This study provides a basis for further research by scholars into Web portfolios within academic settings.

Lahham, Rafiq (1932--)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Ann Rogers
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Founding Member ◽  
Rochester Institute Of Technology ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Arabic Calligraphy

Born in Damascus in 1932, Rafiq Lahham went on to become a pioneer in Jordan’s modern art movement. His body of work is characterized by a diverse approach to choice of style, media, and subject matter. Working in oil, gouache, watercolor, collage, printmaking, and silk screens, Lahham depicts portraits, landscapes and cityscapes, Arabic calligraphy, and semi-abstract compositions. During the 1960s, Lahham was among the first artists in Jordan to incorporate calligraphy into his compositions and also one of the first painters to experiment with complete abstraction. Lahham is considered, along with Muhanna Durra, to be a member of the first generation of Jordanian artists to receive government scholarships to train abroad. He studied at Ente Nationale Addestramento Lavoratori Commercio and St Giacomo Instituto in Rome, graduating in 1962. He continued his studies in painting and etching at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York. Upon his return to Amman, Lahham worked as a cultural advisor for the Ministry of Tourism until his retirement in 1995. He is a founding member of the Artists Association. He lives and works in Amman.

Teaching International Relations: The Model Security Council or General Assembly

1949 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
Robert E. Elder
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
International Relations ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
New York State ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
General Interest ◽  
The United Nations

The model session of an organ of the United Nations, whether it be the Security Council or the General Assembly, is probably the most dramatic method available today for teaching American students the practical problems of postwar international relations. Dormant during the war, model councils and assemblies have been reactivated and are now playing an important rôle in the international relations programs of many colleges and universities. Typical of the model international organizations are the Model General Assembly of the United Nations, sponsored by the American Association for the United Nations, and the Model Security Council of the United Nations, sponsored jointly by the colleges and universities of central New York State. Between forty and forty-five institutions in New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey participate in the model assembly, while eleven send delegates to the model security council.The reaction of students who have participated in sessions of such model international organizations has been enthusiastic. Not only do such sessions stimulate general interest in international relations, but in addition they build a knowledge of procedure and structure of international organizations, a familiarity with reports and documents of the United Nations, an understanding of international problems currently influencing relations of the Great Powers, and a recognition of the difficulties under which the United Nations must labor. The model security council or assembly is not just a rehearsal of past events in the Security Council or General Assembly of the United Nations, although such events must provide the foundation for all action taken by the model group. Instead, the sessions of the model international organs are creative and develop initiative, for they start with what has been done to date and attempt to arrive at new decisions, all the while functioning within the general framework of the over-all foreign policies of the states involved.

scholarly journals Assembling and disassembling

MODOS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Nora Sternfeld
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
21St Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
To Come ◽  
Value Coding ◽  
The Relationship

“Towards the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century”, as Anthony Gardner and Charles Green propose, “biennials became self-conscious.” Increasingly they are reflecting on themselves as "hegemonic machines" (Oliver Marchart), and for this very reason also understand themselves as places of intervention. We have to come to terms with the fact that biennials today are both: "Brands and Sites of Resistance", "Spaces of Capital and Hope" (Panos Kompatsiaris).The article follows withdrawals and protests as well as interventions and strategies of appropriation of biennials in the second decade of the 21st century. Protests in St. Petersburg, Sydney and New York shape the biennials they boycott. In Kochi, Athens, Dhaka, and Kassel we encounter curatorial projects that challenge the apparatus of value coding. The relationship between bottom up and top down often becomes blurred. In Prague, Warsaw, Kiev, and Budapest it is even reversed. Here biennials are used as a means of counter-hegemony and institutional survival.

Analysis of Food Waste Resources Available for Sustainable Energy Production in the Finger Lakes Region of New York State

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Hon Chan ◽  
Jacqueline Ebner ◽  
Rajiv Ramchandra ◽  
Thomas Trabold
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
New York State ◽  
Food Wastes ◽  
York State ◽  
Finger Lakes ◽  
Finger Lakes Region

Prior research conducted by our Institute has revealed the large quantities of food waste available in New York State, particularly in the Upstate corridor extending from Buffalo to Syracuse. The Finger Lakes region is heavily populated with agricultural operations, dairy farms and food processing plants, including those producing milk, yogurt, wine, and canned fruits and vegetables. The diverse supply of organic waste generated by these facilities offers the opportunity for sustainable energy production through one of three primary pathways: • Anaerobic digestion to produce methane • Fermentation to produce alcohols • Transesterification to produce biodiesel. Generally speaking, food wastes are better suited for biochemical conversion instead of thermo-chemical conversion (combustion, gasification, pyrolysis) due to their relatively high moisture content. The current paper provides an initial assessment of food wastes within the 9-County Finger Lakes region around Rochester, New York. Available databases were utilized to first identify all the relevant companies operating in one of four broad industry sectors: agriculture, food processing, food distribution and food services (including restaurants). Our analysis has demonstrated that anaerobic digestion can be a viable method for sustainable energy production from food waste in the Finger Lakes region, due to the dual economic benefits of effective disposal cost reduction and production of methane-rich biogas.

Many-times huge and superhuge cardinals

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius B. Barbanel ◽  
Carlos A. Diprisco ◽  
It Beng Tan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Positive Integer ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Order Type ◽  
Elementary Embedding ◽  
Rochester Institute Of Technology ◽  
Inner Model ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Normal Ultrafilter

In this paper we consider various generalizations of the notion of hugeness. We remind the reader that a cardinal κ is huge if there exist a cardinal λ > κ, an inner model M which is closed under λ-sequences, and an elementary embedding i: V → M with critical point κ such that i(κ) = λ. We shall call λ a target for κ and shall write κ → (λ) to express this fact. Equivalently, κ is huge with target λ if and only if there exists a normal ultrafilter on P=κ(λ) = {X ⊆ λ:X has order type κ}. For the proof and additional facts on hugeness, see [3].We assume that the reader is familiar with the notions of measurability and supercompactness. If κ is γ-supercompact for each γ < λ, we shall say that κ is < λ-supercompact. We note that if κ → (λ), it follows immediately that κ is < λ-supercompact.Throughout the paper, n shall be used to denote a positive integer, the letters α, β, and δ shall denote ordinals, while κ, λ, γ, and η shall be reserved for cardinals. All addition is ordinal addition. V denotes the universe of all sets.All results except for Theorems 6b and 6c and Lemma 6d can be formalized in ZFC.This paper was written while the first named author was at Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York. We wish to thank the department of mathematics at R.I.T. for secretarial time and facilities.

Herstory of Graphic Design: Elaine Lustig Cohen

Collections ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Megan Moltrup
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Graphic Design ◽  
Design History ◽  
Graphic Arts ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Rochester Institute Of Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

The Cary Graphic Arts Collection in Rochester, New York, manages the Graphic Design Archive of the Rochester Institute of Technology which features more than 35 collections documenting the work of many 20th-century Modernist graphic designers. Among these is the work of Elaine Lustig Cohen (1927–2016), a relatively unknown designer from New York City. Upon her marriage to the well-known designer Alvin Lustig, Elaine unknowingly started out on her path as a designer. She seamlessly transitioned from office manager to artist, but it took decades for her to receive recognition for her work. In an attempt to situate Elaine Lustig Cohen and her body of work within graphic design history and to give her body of work greater attention, I researched, handled, and disseminated knowledge of her work and her collection. Specifically, I examined and organized her collection at the Cary Graphic Arts Collection and went on to co-curate an exhibition chronicling her career as part of my capstone of my undergraduate degree in museum studies. I wanted to look at this collection in relation to the bigger picture of women in design and to the relationship between the representation of women in the history of graphic design textbooks and the availability of their work in archives.

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