In-Situ Experimental Validation of THERM Finite Element Analysis for a High R-Value Wall Using Vacuum Insulation Panels

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Schiedel ◽  
Cynthia A. Cruickshank ◽  
Christopher Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Test Specimen ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Vacuum Insulation ◽  
R Value

Team Ontario is one of twenty collegiate teams selected to design and build a solar powered, net positive home for the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2013. One aspect of Team Ontario’s competition design entry is a high R-value wall using vacuum insulation panels. This paper details the method used for theoretical evaluation of the high R-value wall, stating all simplifying assumptions made. Theoretical simulations were performed in THERM, a two dimensional finite element heat transfer modelling program. Following a weighted average method used by industry experts, the whole-wall thermal resistance value was calculated. To verify the modelling results, an in-situ experimental validation was conducted. An 8′ × 8′ wall test specimen was built to the specifications of Team Ontario’s wall design. Experimental heat flux and temperature readings were collected from the test specimen in Carleton University’s Vacuum Insulation Test Facility located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, with the test specimen exposed to exterior weather elements. The experimental and theoretical results are compared and conclusions drawn to determine the effective thermal resistance of the vacuum insulation panels installed in the wall assembly. Finally the theoretical model is refined based on the previous study and a more accurate whole-wall thermal resistance of Team Ontario’s wall design is determined.

In Situ Experimental Validation of therm Finite Element Analysis for a High R-Value Wall Using Vacuum Insulation Panels

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Schiedel ◽  
Cynthia A. Cruickshank ◽  
Christopher M. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Evaluation ◽  
Vacuum Insulation ◽  
R Value

This paper details the method used for a theoretical evaluation of Team Ontario's, U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2013 entrant, high R-value wall using vacuum insulation panels (VIPs). The purpose is to determine a theoretical whole-wall thermal resistance to be used for energy modeling. Theoretical simulations are performed in therm, a two-dimensional finite element heat transfer modeling program, and an in situ experimental validation is conducted in Carleton University's Vacuum Insulation Test Facility located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The theoretical model is refined based on the experimental study, and a whole-wall thermal resistance of Team Ontario's wall design is determined to be 9.4 m2·K/W (53 h·ft2·°F/Btu) at an exterior design temperature of −18 °C (0 °F).

scholarly journals Analysis of Convergence Characteristics of Average Method Regulated by ISO 9869-1 for Evaluating In Situ Thermal Resistance and Thermal Transmittance of Opaque Exterior Walls

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doo Sung Choi ◽  
Myeong Jin Ko
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Average Method ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Thermal Transmittance ◽  
The Third ◽  
U Value ◽  
R Value

In the last few decades, an average method which is regulated by ISO 9869-1 has been used to evaluate the in situ thermal transmittance (U-value) and thermal resistance (R-value) of building envelopes obtained from onsite measurements and to verify the validity of newly proposed methods. Nevertheless, only a few studies have investigated the test duration required to obtain reliable results using this method and the convergence characteristics of the results. This study aims to evaluate the convergence characteristics of the in situ values analyzed using the average method. The criteria for determining convergence (i.e., end of the test) using the average method are very strict, mainly because of the third condition, which compares the deviation of two values derived from the first and last periods of the same duration. To shorten the test duration, environmental variables should be kept constant throughout the test or an appropriate period should be selected. The convergence of the in situ U-value and R-value is affected more by the length of the test duration than by the temperature difference if the test environment meets literature-recommended conditions. Furthermore, there is no difference between the use of the U-value and R-value in determining the end of the test.

Deep Hole Drill Residual Stress Measurement Technique Experimental Validation

2006 ◽  
Vol 524-525 ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R. Mabe ◽  
W.J. Koller ◽  
A.M. Holloway ◽  
P.R. Stukenborg
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Test Specimen ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Reference Solution ◽  
Deep Hole ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Validation Test

This paper presents the results of an experimental validation of the deep hole drill residual stress measurement method. A validation test specimen was fabricated and plastically loaded to impose a permanent residual stress field within the specimen. The validation test specimen was designed to provide a variety of stress profiles as a function of location within the specimen. A finite element analysis of the validation test specimen was performed in order to provide a reference solution for comparison to the deep hole drill experimental results. Results from experimental testing of the validation test specimen agree well with the finite element analysis reference solution, thereby providing further validation of the deep hole drill method to measure residual stresses.

scholarly journals Comparison of Steady-state and In-situ Testing of High Thermal Resistance Walls Incorporating Vacuum Insulation Panels

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 3246-3251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Baldwin ◽  
Cynthia A. Cruickshank ◽  
Matthew Schiedel ◽  
Brock Conley
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
In Situ Testing ◽  
Vacuum Insulation ◽  
High Thermal Resistance

Mechanical integrity of gas turbine enclosure doors under fire test conditions for A0 fire rating

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
Prabhakar Sathujoda ◽  
Paul Arnell ◽  
Andrew Deans
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Test Specimen ◽  
Fire Test ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Fire Testing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mechanical Integrity ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
The Doors

PurposeAs fire doors are passive fire protection parts, the doors have to be certified through standard fire tests. It is usual practice to perform the standard fire testing on the components which require the fire certification. However, some gas turbine enclosure doors are too large to test at the test facility and hence the fire resistance test is practically not possible. The purpose of this paper is to develop a reliable finite element model, validate the model using the specimen door test results and extend the method to actual gas turbine enclosure doors to support the fire certification.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the standard fire testing on enclosure door test specimen was carried out. Second, the finite element analysis model was built and tuned to match the standard fire test deflections, and finally, the same modelling technique was extended to model the actual gas turbine enclosure door to verify the results for fire certification process.FindingsGap analysis, a method of post processing is suggested for result analysis. It was found suitable to verify the gap openings which are required for A0 rated fire certification according to fire test procedure code and also to check the mechanical integrity of the enclosure door frame assembly.Originality/valueThe method presented in this work could be used as support information along with the test specimen results for A0 class fire rating certification of the doors according to International Maritime Organization Resolution MSC.307 (88) Annexure 1: Part 3.

Cold expansion of rail-end-bolt holes: finite element predictions and experimental validation by DIC and strain gauges

2021 ◽  
pp. 106275
Author(s):  
Giovanni Pio Pucillo ◽  
Alessandro Carrabs ◽  
Stefano Cuomo ◽  
Adam Elliott ◽  
Michele Meo
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Cold Expansion ◽  
Bolt Holes

scholarly journals An Improved Algorithm for Measuring Nitrate Concentrations in Seawater Based on Deep-Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry: A Case Study of the Aoshan Bay Seawater and Western Pacific Seawater

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 965
Author(s):  
Xingyue Zhu ◽  
Kaixiong Yu ◽  
Xiaofan Zhu ◽  
Juan Su ◽  
Chi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Deep Ultraviolet ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrometer ◽  
Seawater Samples ◽  
Reflection Probe

Nowadays, it is still a challenge for commercial nitrate sensors to meet the requirement of high accuracy in a complex water. Based on deep-ultraviolet spectral analysis and a regression algorithm, a different measuring method for obtaining the concentration of nitrate in seawater is proposed in this paper. The system consists of a deuterium lamp, an optical fiber splitter module, a reflection probe, temperature and salinity sensors, and a deep-ultraviolet spectrometer. The regression model based on weighted average kernel partial least squares (WA-KPLS) algorithm together with corrections for temperature and salinity (TSC) is established. After that, the seawater samples from Western Pacific and Aoshan Bay in Qingdao, China with the addition of various nitrate concentrations are studied to verify the reliability and accuracy of the method. The results show that the TSC-WA-KPLS algorithm shows the best results when compared against the multiple linear regression (MLR) and ISUS (in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer) algorithms in the temperatures range of 4–25 °C, with RMSEP of 0.67 µmol/L for Aoshan Bay seawater and 1.08 µmol/L for Western Pacific seawater. The method proposed in this paper is suitable for measuring the nitrate concentration in seawater with higher accuracy, which could find application in the development of in-situ and real-time nitrate sensors.

Determining the thermal resistance of a highly insulated wall containing vacuum insulation panels through experimental, calculation and numerical simulation methods

2020 ◽  
pp. 174425912098003
Author(s):  
Travis V Moore ◽  
Cynthia A. Cruickshank ◽  
Ian Beausoleil-Morrison ◽  
Michael Lacasse
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Effective Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Edge Effect ◽  
3D Simulation ◽  
Simulation Methods ◽  
Zone Method ◽  
Vacuum Insulation ◽  
Thermal Bridges ◽  
Wall Assembly

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential for calculation methods to determine the thermal resistance of a wall system containing vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) that has been experimentally characterised using a guarded hot box (GHB) apparatus. The VIPs used in the wall assembly have not been characterised separately to the wall assembly, and therefore exact knowledge of the thermal performance of the VIP including edge effect is not known. The calculations and simulations are completed using methods found in literature as well as manufacturer published values for the VIPs to determine the potential for calculation and simulation methods to predict the thermal resistance of the wall assembly without the exact characterisation of the VIP edge effect. The results demonstrate that disregarding the effect of VIP thermal bridges results in overestimating the thermal resistance of the wall assembly in all calculation and simulation methods, ranging from overestimates of 21% to 58%. Accounting for the VIP thermal bridges using the manufacturer advertised effective thermal conductivity of the VIPs resulted in three methods predicting the thermal resistance of the wall assembly within the uncertainty of the GHB results: the isothermal planes method, modified zone method and the 3D simulation. Of these methods only the 3D simulation can be considered a potential valid method for energy code compliance, as the isothermal planes method requires too drastic an assumption to be valid and the modified zone method requires extrapolating the zone factor beyond values which have been validated. The results of this work demonstrate that 3D simulations do show potential for use in lieu of guarded hot box testing for predicting the thermal resistance of wall assemblies containing both VIPs and steel studs. However, knowledge of the VIP effective thermal conductivity is imperative to achieve reasonable results.

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