Increased Efficiency of Photovoltaic Module via Groundwater Cooling: Energy and Economic Considerations

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory Budischak ◽  
Keith W. Goossen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Sustainable Energy System

Solar energy will be an important source of energy for a sustainable energy system whether or not it is directly collected (solar thermal, photovoltaics) or indirectly collected (wind, wave, etc). This project focused on increasing the efficiency of the direct conversion of solar energy into electricity, which is also known as photovoltaics (PV). It has long been known that photovoltaic cells perform less efficiently at higher temperatures. In fact, solar modules under concentration are frequently cooled either actively or passively. The current study, however, focused on cooling modules under no concentration. The goal of the current project was to answer the question: Can the energy gained by cooling a photovoltaic module with groundwater be greater than the energy used by the cooling system and is there an economic benefit? A digital simulation of a simple photovoltaic module under groundwater cooling was performed in order to answer the research question. The simulation was performed for Phoenix, AZ and assuming certain control parameters it was found that the overall system produced over 9% more electricity than a system without groundwater cooling. While the groundwater cooled system increased overall electrical production, the economics of the system will also be presented. Recently, an Arizona utility APS introduced time of use pricing for electricity. Because groundwater cooling provides the most benefit during very hot days with high electrical demand, cooling is more economically attractive. A simple economic analysis will be presented including estimated costs of the cooling system and added value of the excess electrical energy produced under different APS rate plans.

Power Converter for Dual-Power PV-Grid Energy System Utilizing Cascaded Multilevel Inverter

2014 ◽  
Vol 925 ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Intan Rahayu Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmad Maliki Omar ◽  
Zakaria Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Multilevel Inverter ◽  
Grid System ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Pv Grid ◽  
Dual Power

The dual-power PV-grid system was introduced to manipulate the lower tariff rate at off-peak period and to reduce the capital installation cost of PV energy system. The power converter in the PV energy system is used to process solar energy captured by PV modules into usable electrical energy. In the dual-power PV-grid system, the power converter component is consists of a boost regulator to boost and regulate PV outputs to fixed voltage of 240V, 50Hz, a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) to derive maximum power from PV panels and a three operation modes of the battery converter to regulate charging current/discharging current under various PV output and load variation. In this project, a reduced switch and increased level of cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter was introduced to convert the direct current (DC) output of the solar energy to alternating current (AC) signal to supply an AC load or to be integrated to the grid system. By adapting selective harmonic elimination (SHE) switching strategy, the inverter produces 21 levels of stepped sinusoidal output signal with resultant total harmonics distortion (THD) of 3.90%.

A Refrigerator without Compressor Powered by Solar Energy

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 06-10
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Rai ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Yadav ◽  
Awdhesh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Aluminum Plate ◽  
Thermoelectric Device ◽  
Thermoelectric Devices ◽  
Cold Side ◽  
Peltier Module ◽  
Very High

Thermoelectric refrigerator with an inner volume of 10 litre (approx.) has been designed and tested, whose cold system is composed of a Peltier and a fan (i.e. heat sink).Analysis of a its performance in different conditions has been carried out with this prototype. Thermoelectric devices are capable of converting electrical energy into thermal heat pumping at a very high efficiency.The cooling system is made up of one thermoelectric device, composed of a Peltier module (40 watt) with its hot side in contact with a heat sink and aluminum plate in contact with the cold side.

scholarly journals Review on Optimising Solar PV Efficiency by Using Tracking and Cooling System

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Anil Khatri ◽  
Prof. Nitin Tenguria
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel

The increasing energy demand, continuous drawback of the existing sources of fossil fuels and increasing concern about environmental pollution pushed researchers to explore new technologies for the production of electricity from clean sources, renewable such as solar, wind etc. Solar energy is the oldest primary source of energy. It is a source of clean, renewable energy and it is found in abundance in every part of the world. Using solar energy is possible to convert it into mechanical energy or electricity with adequate efficiency. In this paper of the present of principal of solar cell and the temperature effect. And the Information about the quality and amount of solar energy available at a specific location is of prime importance for the development of a solar energy system. However, the amount of electricity that is obtained is directly proportional to the intensity of sunlight falling on the photovoltaic panel.

scholarly journals Perhitungan Kebutuhan Daya Listrik untuk Penggerak Perahu Nelayan Bertenaga Surya

CYCLOTRON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radiratu K ◽  
Belly Yan Dewantara
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Fishing Boat ◽  
Body Design

Abstrak - Perahu merupakan salah satu armada yang digunakan para nelayan untuk mencari mata pencaharian. Namun pada umumnya pada saat perahu nelayan beropesi mengandalkan bahan bakar sebagai penggerak kapal, hal ini sangatlah tidak menguntungkan mengingat harga bahan bakar semakin mahal. Pada penelitian ini akan membahas desain dan perhitungan daya listrik penggerak perahu nelayan dimana enegi listrik didapat dari energi surya. Dengan adanya sistem pemanfaatan energi surya ini akan menghemat pengeluaran nelayan bahkan bisa dikatakan bahwa energi ini merupakan energi cuma-cuma atau gratis. Pada penelitian ini akan dihitung desain bodi perahu dengan kapasitas 2-3 orang, perhitungan kebutuhan alat penggerak, perhitungan kebutuhan energi listrik dan perhitungan panel surya yang akan digunakan. Hasil dari penelelitian ini dapat dijadikan kajian untuk pengembangan perahu ramah lingkungan, ekonomis, dan pemanfatan enegi surya yang merupakan energi terbarukan. Kapal yang dirancang mempunyai dimensi 3 meter dan lebar 1,33 meter dengan kecepatan 3-4 knot dan menggunakan panel surya dengan spesifikasi 150Wp sebanyak 3 buah.Kata kunci: perahu nelayan, energi penggerak kapal, panel surya, energi terbarukan, MPPTAbstract—Boat is one of the fleets that fishermen use livelihoods. But in general, when fishing boats oppose relying on fuel as a boat propeller, this is very unprofitable given the increasingly expensive. In this study will discuss the design and calculation of electric power driving a fishing boat where the electric energy is obtained from solar energy. Solar energy system will save fishermen's expenses. It can even be said that this energy is free energy. In this study the boat body design will be design with a capacity of 2-3 people, calculation of propulsion requirements, calculation of electrical energy requirements and calculation of solar panels to be used. The results of this research can be used as a study for the development of environmentally friendly, economical boats and the utilization of solar energy which is renewable energy. The ship was designed to have dimensions of 3 meters and 1.33 meters wide with a speed of 3-4 knots and uses 3 solar panels with capasity 150Wp.Keywords: fishing boat, boat propulsion energy, solar panel, renewable energy, MPPT

scholarly journals Negative CO2 Emissions from Flexible Biofuel Synthesis: Concepts, Potentials, Technologies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Moioli ◽  
Tilman Schildhauer
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Negative Emissions

This review reports the available technologies for the flexible utilization of biomass towards negative CO2 emissions and addresses the possibility to couple biogas production plants with the electrical grid converting excess electrical energy into storable chemical molecules. This changed mind-set towards biomass utilization can lead readily to the implementation of negative CO2 emission along the entire bioenergy supply chain without limiting the potential for Power-to-X applications. First, the technologies for direct conversion of waste and wood into gaseous energy carriers are screened, to highlight the potential for the production of renewable fuels. Second, the processes for the removal of CO2 from biogenic gas streams are analysed in terms of technological performance, cost and further potential for the CO2 recovered. These technologies are the key to pre-combustion CO2 capture and negative emissions. Third, the possibility of coupling biomass conversion and synthetic fuels production is explored, providing an overview on the technical maturity of the various energy storage processes. The flexible use of biomass can be an essential part of the future CO2-free energy systems, as it can directly provide energy carriers all around the year and also large quantities of climate-neutral carbon for the production of synthetic fuels with renewable energy. In turn, when no additional renewable electricity is available, the CO2 by-product from biofuel synthesis can be used for the negative emissions. This opens the way to an efficient strategy for the seasonal storage of electrical energy, realizing a carbon-neutral energy system coupled with the development of carbon-negative energy strategy.

scholarly journals Supporting Europe’s Energy Policy Towards a Decarbonised Energy System: A Comparative Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Papapostolou ◽  
Charikleia Karakosta ◽  
Kalliopi-Anastasia Kourti ◽  
Haris Doukas ◽  
John Psarras
Keyword(s):  
Energy System ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
System A ◽  
Promethee Method ◽  
Sustainable Energy System ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies

The European Union (EU) aims to prepare its strategy and infrastructure for further decarbonisation of its energy system in the longer term towards 2050. Recent political discussions and research interest focus on ways to accelerate the development and deployment of low-carbon technologies with respect to the targets set for 2030 and 2050. However, the diverse options available that are to be implemented, are policy sensitive and need careful comparative assessment. This paper presents a multi-criteria approach based on an extension of the Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) method for group decision-making that incorporates fuzzy set theory in order to evaluate alternative transformation pathways for achieving a sustainable energy system in EU. This assessment aims at providing a direction towards a most preferable pathway concept that should be taken into account by a future model-based analysis of the necessary transformation of our energy sector. The results obtained could support policymakers in drawing effective recommendations based on the findings. The added value of this analysis to policymakers is its contribution to plan climate and energy strategies towards a low-carbon transition pathway by using the information of this approach and prioritizing uncertainties through an environmental and energy perspective.

scholarly journals Optimization of Cooling Utility System with Continuous Self-Learning Performance Models

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron-Hendrik Peesel ◽  
Florian Schlosser ◽  
Henning Meschede ◽  
Heiko Dunkelberg ◽  
Timothy Walmsley
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Part Load

Prerequisite for an efficient cooling energy system is the knowledge and optimal combination of different operating conditions of individual compression and free cooling chillers. The performance of cooling systems depends on their part-load performance and their condensing temperature, which are often not continuously measured. Recorded energy data remain unused, and manufacturers’ data differ from the real performance. For this purpose, manufacturer and real data are combined and continuously adapted to form part-load chiller models. This study applied a predictive optimization algorithm to calculate the optimal operating conditions of multiple chillers. A sprinkler tank offers the opportunity to store cold-water for later utilization. This potential is used to show the load shifting potential of the cooling system by using a variable electricity price as an input variable to the optimization. The set points from the optimization have been continuously adjusted throughout a dynamic simulation. A case study of a plastic processing company evaluates different scenarios against the status quo. Applying an optimal chiller sequencing and charging strategy of a sprinkler tank leads to electrical energy savings of up to 43%. Purchasing electricity on the EPEX SPOT market leads to additional costs savings of up to 17%. The total energy savings highly depend on the weather conditions and the prediction horizon.

Design and Modeling of an Integrated CHP System With Solar Hydrogen/Methane Fueled PEM Fuel Cell for Residential Applications

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajar Amirian ◽  
Farid Sayedin ◽  
Azadeh Maroufmashat
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Cell Efficiency

This paper describes the designing and evaluation of an alternative energy system which consists of PEMFC, PV, PEM electrolyser, methane reformer and hydrogen tank. In order to find out the minimum capacity of the components, a system sizing model is developed in MATLAB based on meteorological and electrical demand data. Three scenarios are considered based on different combinations of solar energy and fossil fuel energy as energy resources. The heating energy produced by the fuel cell is recovered for supplying domestic hot water while the system would supply electrical energy. Results show that system sizing strongly depends on scenarios and unit cost of electricity decreases through the reduction of solar energy contribution in scenarios. CHP analysis indicates that the overall energy efficiency and fuel cell efficiency are increased approximately 3.4% and 40% respectively. Furthermore, the cost benefit ratio of using the fuel cell heat is equivalent to 25% of the total annual cost of the electricity.

Effect of photovoltaic (PV) module mounting angle on PV module power output

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husam Hamdi Alkhatib
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Generating System

Solar energy is a renewable resource that is environmentally friendly. Unlike fossil fuels, solar energy is available just about everywhere on earth. This source of energy is free and immune to rising energy prices. Solar energy can be used in many ways - to provide electricity, heat, lighting, and mechanical power. The objective of this project is to determine the effect of mounting orientation of a photovoltaic panel on power output. Based on the simulation results, the report proposes alternative energy management techniques to characterize the unstable nature of the photovoltaic power generating system. A typical power generating system using photovoltaic technology would have many components. The software used for determining the effects of photovoltaic module mounting angle on the PV module power output is the PV-DesignPro. This software is designed to simulate photovoltaic energy system operation on an hourly basis for one year, based on a user selected climate and system design.

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