Gasification of Biomass to Second Generation Biofuels: A Review

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berta Matas Gu¨ell ◽  
Judit Sandquist ◽  
Lars So̸rum
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Heat Power ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Second Generation Biofuels ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Entrained Flow Gasifiers ◽  
Significant Attention

Biomass gasification has gained significant attention in the last couple of decades for the production of heat, power and second generation biofuels. Biomass gasification processes are highly complex due to the large number of reactions involved in the overall process as well as the high sensitivity of the process to changes in the operational conditions. This report reviews the state-of-the-art of biomass gasification by evaluating key process parameters such as gasifying agent, temperature, pressure, particle size, etc., for fluidized bed and entrained flow gasifiers. The pros and cons of each technology and the remaining bottlenecks are also addressed.

Gasification of Biomass to Second Generation Biofuels: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berta Matas Güell ◽  
Judit Sandquist ◽  
Lars Sørum
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Heat Power ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Second Generation Biofuels ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Entrained Flow Gasifiers ◽  
Significant Attention

Biomass gasification has gained significant attention in the last couple of decades for the production of heat, power, and second generation biofuels. Biomass gasification processes are highly complex due to the large number of reactions involved in the overall process as well as the high sensitivity of the process to changes in the operational conditions. This report reviews the state-of-the-art of biomass gasification by evaluating key process parameters such as gasifying agent, temperature, pressure, particle size, etc., for fluidized bed and entrained flow gasifiers. The pros and cons of each technology and the remaining bottlenecks are also addressed.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Production by Fluidized Bed Reactors: A Quantitative Perspective Using the Supervised Machine Learning Approach

J ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-287
Author(s):  
Zheng Lian ◽  
Yixiao Wang ◽  
Xiyue Zhang ◽  
Abubakar Yusuf ◽  
Lord Famiyeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactors ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Carbon Conversion ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Operational Conditions

The current hydrogen generation technologies, especially biomass gasification using fluidized bed reactors (FBRs), were rigorously reviewed. There are involute operational parameters in a fluidized bed gasifier that determine the anticipated outcomes for hydrogen production purposes. However, limited reviews are present that link these parametric conditions with the corresponding performances based on experimental data collection. Using the constructed artificial neural networks (ANNs) as the supervised machine learning algorithm for data training, the operational parameters from 52 literature reports were utilized to perform both the qualitative and quantitative assessments of the performance, such as the hydrogen yield (HY), hydrogen content (HC) and carbon conversion efficiency (CCE). Seven types of operational parameters, including the steam-to-biomass ratio (SBR), equivalent ratio (ER), temperature, particle size of the feedstock, residence time, lower heating value (LHV) and carbon content (CC), were closely investigated. Six binary parameters have been identified to be statistically significant to the performance parameters (hydrogen yield (HY)), hydrogen content (HC) and carbon conversion efficiency (CCE)) by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimal operational conditions derived from the machine leaning were recommended according to the needs of the outcomes. This review may provide helpful insights for researchers to comprehensively consider the operational conditions in order to achieve high hydrogen production using fluidized bed reactors during biomass gasification.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Structural Health Monitoring and Damage Detection through Deep Learning: State-of-the-Art Review

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Azimi ◽  
Armin Eslamlou ◽  
Gokhan Pekcan
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Significant Attention

Data-driven methods in structural health monitoring (SHM) is gaining popularity due to recent technological advancements in sensors, as well as high-speed internet and cloud-based computation. Since the introduction of deep learning (DL) in civil engineering, particularly in SHM, this emerging and promising tool has attracted significant attention among researchers. The main goal of this paper is to review the latest publications in SHM using emerging DL-based methods and provide readers with an overall understanding of various SHM applications. After a brief introduction, an overview of various DL methods (e.g., deep neural networks, transfer learning, etc.) is presented. The procedure and application of vibration-based, vision-based monitoring, along with some of the recent technologies used for SHM, such as sensors, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), etc. are discussed. The review concludes with prospects and potential limitations of DL-based methods in SHM applications.

Blockage Remediation in Deep Water Pipelines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ca´ssio Kuchpil ◽  
Marcelo A. L. Gonc¸alves ◽  
Antoˆnio C. P. Ferreira ◽  
Roberto S. Albernaz ◽  
Cla´udio S. Camerini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Water Pipelines ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
High Production ◽  
Organic Deposit ◽  
Production Losses ◽  
Exothermal Chemical

Flow assurance is an important issue in the design and operation of production systems in deep waters. The implementation of prevention and remediation methods is necessary mainly due to the low temperatures, high production pressures, long tie-ins and oils prone to organic deposit formation. Despite the development and improvement of these prevention and remediation techniques, failures or exceptional operational conditions can lead to the complete blockage of the submarine flowlines, risers or equipment. Although the complete blockage is not frequent, the related production losses generally are high; furthermore, the technical difficulties and the costs involved in the removal of blockages can be high. The steps to the remediation of subsea blockages are the localization, identification and removal methods. Due to the variety of problems, the different subsea layouts and surface facilities, it is not possible to have a general recipe for all problems. This paper presents some blockage remediation cases, including the localization and blockage remediation methods. The blockage localization methods used for the blockage removal cases described in this paper are the following: a) the echo of pressure pulses reflected at the blockage and b) a tool that detects the pipeline diameter variation with the pipeline pressure variations. The field results for these methods and the pros and cons of the methods are discussed. The remediation methods described are the following: external heating, internal intervention and exothermal chemical reaction using gravity.

Boosting the Guerbet Reaction: a cooperative catalytic system for the efficient bio-ethanol refinery to second-generation biofuels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Cesari ◽  
Anna Gagliardi ◽  
Alessandro Messori ◽  
Nicola Monti ◽  
Valerio Zanotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic System ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Second Generation Biofuels ◽  
Guerbet Reaction

Decay Heat Characterization for the European Sodium Fast Reactor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Jiménez-Carrascosa ◽  
Nuria Garcia Herranz ◽  
Jiri Krepel ◽  
Marat Margulis ◽  
Una Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Reactor ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Nuclear Data ◽  
Summation Method ◽  
Heat Power ◽  
Coupled Transport ◽  
Decay Heat ◽  
Sodium Fast Reactor ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Commercial Size

Abstract In this work a detailed assessment of the decay heat power for the commercial-size European Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (ESFR) at the end of its equilibrium cycle has been performed. The summation method has been used to compute very accurate spatial- and time-dependent decay heat by employing state-of-the-art coupled transport-depletion computational codes and nuclear data. This detailed map provides basic information for subsequent transient calculations of the ESFR. A comprehensive analysis of the decay heat has been carried out and interdependencies among decay heat and different parameters characterizing the core state prior to shutdown, such as discharge burnup or type of fuel material, have been identified. That analysis has served as a basis to develop analytic functions to reconstruct the spatial-dependent decay heat power for the ESFR for cooling times within the first day after shutdown.

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