Bats Versus Bugs: Collective Behavior of Prey Decreases Predation in a Biologically-Inspired Multi-Agent System

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Lin ◽  
Nicole Abaid
Keyword(s):  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biologically Inspired ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Big Brown Bats ◽  
Hunting Success ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

In this paper, we establish an agent-based model to study the impact of collective behavior of a prey species on the hunting success of predators inspired by insectivorous bats and swarming insects, called “bugs”. In the model, we consider bats preying on bugs in a three-dimensional space with periodic boundaries. The bugs follow one of the two regimes: either they swarm randomly without interacting with peers, or they seek to align their velocity directions, which results in collective behavior. Simultaneously, the bats sense their environment with a sensing space inspired by big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and independently prey on bugs. We define order parameters to measure the alignment and cohesion of the bugs and relate these quantities to the cohesion and the hunting success of the bats. Comparing the results when the bugs swarm randomly or collectively, we find that collectively behaving bugs tend to align, which results in relatively more cohesive groups. In addition, cohesion among bats is induced since bats may be attracted to the same localized bug group. Due to the fact that bats need to hunt more widely for groups of bugs, collectively behaving bugs suffer less predation compared to their randomly swarming counterparts. These findings are supported by the biological literature which cites protection from predation as a primary motivator for social behavior.

The problem of conflicting reference frames when investigating three-dimensional space in surface-dwelling animals

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Savelli ◽  
James J. Knierim
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Local Reference ◽  
Surface Dwelling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Strategies ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

AbstractIn a surface-dwelling animal like the rat, experimental strategies for investigating the hippocampal correlates of three-dimensional space appear inevitably complicated by the interplay of global versus local reference frames. We discuss the impact of the resulting confounds on present and future empirical analysis of the “bicoded map” hypothesis by Jeffery and colleagues.

Localization Algorithm for Three-Dimensional Space of Building Based on ZigBee Wireless Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 1546-1549
Author(s):  
Yun Hong Liu ◽  
Tong Wei Niu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Localization Algorithm ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

ZigBee wireless networks can be used for locating the objects monitored inside the building, in which the location method based on RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) has a broad range of application. For the complex spatial environment of the building, a three-dimensional localization algorithm will be proposed in this paper which can achieve high accuracy of location, meanwhile mitigate the impact of the RSSI error on the location results efficiently. This method is applicable to the NLOS environment in condition of multi-barrier.

An Impact Dynamics Modeling Method with Tangential Impulse in Three-Dimensional Space

2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 1618-1623
Author(s):  
Gang Chen ◽  
Ji Liang ◽  
Qing Xuan Jia ◽  
Han Xu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

This paper studies the impact of two rigid bodies considering tangential friction in three dimensional space. It extends Stronge’s spring-based planar contact structure to three dimensions by introducing three orthogonal virtual springs. Impact analysis is carried out using normal impulse rather than time as the only independent variable, unlike previous work on tangential impulse. This makes the algorithm more compact. At last, collision is governed by a system of differential equations. Modularity of the impact model makes it easy to be integrated into a multi-body system.

Extension of the Spatial PDI Model to Three Dimensions

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Frank O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Finite Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The author's population density index ( PDI) model is extended to three-dimensional distributions. A derived formula is presented that allows for the calculation of the lower and upper bounds of density in three-dimensional space for any finite lattice.

A Peptoid with Extended Shape in Water

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei Morimoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Fukuda ◽  
Takumu Watanabe ◽  
Daisuke Kuroda ◽  
Kouhei Tsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomolecular Recognition ◽  
Biological Application ◽  
New Class ◽  
Proteolytic Resistance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<div> <div> <div> <p>“Peptoids” was proposed, over decades ago, as a term describing analogs of peptides that exhibit better physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties than peptides. Oligo-(N-substituted glycines) (oligo-NSG) was previously proposed as a peptoid due to its high proteolytic resistance and membrane permeability. However, oligo-NSG is conformationally flexible and is difficult to achieve a defined shape in water. This conformational flexibility is severely limiting biological application of oligo-NSG. Here, we propose oligo-(N-substituted alanines) (oligo-NSA) as a new peptoid that forms a defined shape in water. A synthetic method established in this study enabled the first isolation and conformational study of optically pure oligo-NSA. Computational simulations, crystallographic studies and spectroscopic analysis demonstrated the well-defined extended shape of oligo-NSA realized by backbone steric effects. The new class of peptoid achieves the constrained conformation without any assistance of N-substituents and serves as an ideal scaffold for displaying functional groups in well-defined three-dimensional space, which leads to effective biomolecular recognition. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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