Optimal Control for the Series-Parallel Displacement Controlled Hydraulic Hybrid Excavator

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Zimmerman ◽  
Rohit Hippalgaonkar ◽  
Monika Ivantysynova
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
State Space Model ◽  
Optimal Controls ◽  
Parallel Displacement ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid ◽  
Truck Loading ◽  
System States ◽  
Hybrid Excavator

In this paper a hydraulic hybrid system architecture for multi-actuator displacement controlled systems is analyzed. In particular the problem of optimal control for a hybrid excavator with four actuators is solved. The system states and controls are identified and classified into those which are cycle defined and those which are free to vary during the duty cycle. A state space model is derived for the hybrid system using the free states and controls and an outline of the algorithm used to apply dynamic programming to the system is described. The optimal controls and states for an aggressive truck loading cycle of the excavator are compared with suboptimal controls and states obtained using a rule based control strategy. Finally a comparison is made for the simulated fuel consumption of the system using optimal and suboptimal controls. A comparison is also made between the fuel consumption of the hybrid and non-hybrid excavators.

scholarly journals Energy-Saving Analysis of Hydraulic Hybrid Excavator Based on Common Pressure Rail

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Shen ◽  
Jihai Jiang ◽  
Xiaoyu Su ◽  
Hamid Reza Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid ◽  
Manufacture Process ◽  
Hybrid Excavator ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Common Pressure Rail ◽  
Fast Dynamic

Energy-saving research of excavators is becoming one hot topic due to the increasing energy crisis and environmental deterioration recently. Hydraulic hybrid excavator based on common pressure rail (HHEC) provides an alternative with electric hybrid excavator because it has high power density and environment friendly and easy to modify based on the existing manufacture process. This paper is focused on the fuel consumption of HHEC and the actuator dynamic response to assure that the new system can save energy without sacrificing performance. Firstly, we introduce the basic principle of HHEC; then, the sizing process is presented; furthermore, the modeling period which combined mathematical analysis and experiment identification is listed. Finally, simulation results show that HHEC has a fast dynamic response which can be accepted in engineering and the fuel consumption can be reduced 21% to compare the original LS excavator and even 32% after adopting another smaller engine.

Priority-Based Supervisory Controller for a Displacement-Controlled Excavator With Pump Switching

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Busquets ◽  
Monika Ivantysynova
Keyword(s):  
Production Costs ◽  
Fluid Power ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid ◽  
Supervisory Controller ◽  
Truck Loading ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Hybrid Excavator ◽  
The One

Environmental and economic factors have driven the advancements in fluid power technologies over the last two decades. Gradual development has been made over time on the state-of-the-art fluid power technology; however, there has been no major advancement leading to radical improvement on systems’ efficiencies. Displacement-controlled (DC) actuation has been under investigation by the authors’ group since its conception in 1998 as a highly efficient alternative to its valve controlled counterpart, demonstrating fuel economy improvements of up to 40% and the possibility for engine downsizing of up to 50% for an excavator truck-loading cycle. Through the installation of a variable displacement hydraulic pump/motor per actuator, DC actuation entirely eliminates the losses due to resistive control and allows for the recuperation of energy from overriding loads. The one-pump-per-actuator requirement however represents the technology’s largest obstacle due to the increased machine production costs. For this reason the authors’ group proposed the idea of pump switching wherein a reduced number of hydraulic units is connected to the actuators in a multi-actuator machine through a distributing manifold. The idea relies on proper design of the distributing manifold and enabling controls to realize machine operability. Work by the authors’ group has demonstrated that the pump-switching idea is feasible on the actuator level, achieving seaming-less switching transitions while retaining the basic fuel savings demonstrated for DC actuation. This paper presents the first formal attempt to create a supervisory controller for a DC multi-actuator machine with pump switching. The controller is based on priority levels geared towards the maximization of the number of available actuator combinations. Implementation on a DC hydraulic hybrid excavator prototype show the feasibility of the control approach as well as the limitations and further improvements.

scholarly journals Optimal Control for a Hydraulic Recuperation System Using Endoreversible Thermodynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5001
Author(s):  
Robin Masser ◽  
Karl Heinz Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
Onboard System

Energy savings in the traffic sector are of considerable importance for economic and environmental considerations. Recuperation of mechanical energy in commercial vehicles can contribute to this goal. One promising technology rests on hydraulic systems, in particular for trucks which use such system also for other purposes such as lifting cargo or operating a crane. In this work the potential for energy savings is analyzed for commercial vehicles with tipper bodies, as these already have a hydraulic onboard system. The recuperation system is modeled based on endoreversible thermodynamics, thus providing a framework in which realistic driving data can be incorporated. We further used dissipative engine setups for modeling both the hydraulic and combustion engine of the hybrid drive train in order to include realistic efficiency maps. As a result, reduction in fuel consumption of up to 26% as compared to a simple baseline recuperation strategy can be achieved with an optimized recuperation control.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Analysis of the Battery Model for Model Predictive Control: Implementable to a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Sockeel ◽  
Jian Shi ◽  
Masood Shahverdi ◽  
Michael Mazzola
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Control Solution ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Battery Model ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Developing an efficient online predictive modeling system (PMS) is a major issue in the field of electrified vehicles as it can help reduce fuel consumption, greenhouse gasses (GHG) emission, but also the aging of power-train components, such as the battery. For this manuscript, a model predictive control (MPC) has been considered as PMS. This control design has been defined as an optimization problem that uses the projected system behaviors over a finite prediction horizon to determine the optimal control solution for the current time instant. In this manuscript, the MPC controller intents to diminish simultaneously the battery aging and the equivalent fuel consumption. The main contribution of this manuscript is to evaluate numerically the impacts of the vehicle battery model on the MPC optimal control solution when the plug hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is in the battery charge sustaining mode. Results show that the higher fidelity model improves the capability of accurately predicting the battery aging.

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