A New Device Preventing Air Embolism During the Angiography, Air Trap Device: An In-Vitro Experimental Air Emboli Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haluk Un
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Air Embolism ◽  
Percutaneous Intervention ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
New Device ◽  
Air Embolus

Air embolism occurs when an air bubble enters the arterial system through the catheters. This can happen due to different reasons such as lack of attention, connection failure, or inexperience. This situation results in tissue damage in vital organs such as the heart and brain which may lead to death. To our knowledge, there is no technology preventing an air embolus from happening. Doctors try to prevent this complication with their attention and catheter control. In this project, a new air-trap device that prevents air embolus was tested in-vitro in air embolism model. Experimental results with a prototype showed that the new design was successful. Air embolism was blocked at various pressure-speed ranges. Air Trap device can be used to prevent air embolism by cardiologists, interventional radiologists and cardiovascular surgeons that perform a percutaneous intervention.

scholarly journals Establishment of a New Device for Electrical Stimulation of Non-Degenerative Cartilage Cells In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Simone Krueger ◽  
Alexander Riess ◽  
Anika Jonitz-Heincke ◽  
Alina Weizel ◽  
Anika Seyfarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
New Device ◽  
Alternating Electric Fields ◽  
Cartilage Cells ◽  
Stimulation Of

In cell-based therapies for cartilage lesions, the main problem is still the formation of fibrous cartilage, caused by underlying de-differentiation processes ex vivo. Biophysical stimulation is a promising approach to optimize cell-based procedures and to adapt them more closely to physiological conditions. The occurrence of mechano-electrical transduction phenomena within cartilage tissue is physiological and based on streaming and diffusion potentials. The application of exogenous electric fields can be used to mimic endogenous fields and, thus, support the differentiation of chondrocytes in vitro. For this purpose, we have developed a new device for electrical stimulation of chondrocytes, which operates on the basis of capacitive coupling of alternating electric fields. The reusable and sterilizable stimulation device allows the simultaneous use of 12 cavities with independently applicable fields using only one main supply. The first parameter settings for the stimulation of human non-degenerative chondrocytes, seeded on collagen type I elastin-based scaffolds, were derived from numerical electric field simulations. Our first results suggest that applied alternating electric fields induce chondrogenic re-differentiation at the gene and especially at the protein level of human de-differentiated chondrocytes in a frequency-dependent manner. In future studies, further parameter optimizations will be performed to improve the differentiation capacity of human cartilage cells.

scholarly journals Effect of cannulation site on emboli travel during cardiac surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Puthettu ◽  
Stijn Vandenberghe ◽  
Stefanos Demertzis
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Cannulation Site ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background During cardiac surgery, micro-air emboli regularly enter the blood stream and can cause cognitive impairment or stroke. It is not clearly understood whether the most threatening air emboli are generated by the heart-lung machine (HLM) or by the blood-air contact when opening the heart. We performed an in vitro study to assess, for the two sources, air emboli distribution in the arterial tree, especially in the brain region, during cardiac surgery with different cannulation sites. Methods A model of the arterial tree was 3D printed and included in a hydraulic circuit, divided such that flow going to the brain was separated from the rest of the circuit. Air micro-emboli were injected either in the HLM (“ECC Bubbles”) or in the mock left ventricle (“Heart Bubbles”) to simulate the two sources. Emboli distribution was measured with an ultrasonic bubble counter. Five repetitions were performed for each combination of injection site and cannulation site, where air bubble counts and volumes were recorded. Air bubbles were separated in three categories based on size. Results For both injection sites, it was possible to identify statistically significant differences between cannulation sites. For ECC Bubbles, axillary cannulation led to a higher amount of air bubbles in the brain with medium-sized bubbles. For Heart Bubbles, aortic cannulation showed a significantly bigger embolic load in the brain with large bubbles. Conclusions These preliminary in vitro findings showed that air embolic load in the brain may be dependent on the cannulation site, which deserves further in vivo exploration.

Excimer, Ho:YAG, and Q-switched Ho:YAG ablation of aorta: a comparison of temperatures and tissue damage in vitro

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Duco Jansen ◽  
Tuong H. Le ◽  
Ashley J. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage

Bio-Medico-Mechanical Behavior of Natural Artery Blood Vessel Under Constant and Variable Internal Pulsatile Pressure Flow Test In Vitro

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Yokobori ◽  
T. Maeyama ◽  
T. Ohkuma ◽  
T. Yokobori ◽  
H. Ohuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Pressure Amplitude ◽  
Constant Amplitude ◽  
Pressure Flow ◽  
Fluctuating Pressure ◽  
Pulsatile Pressure

Studies have been carried out on the bio-medico-mechanical behavior in vitro of natural blood vessel (dogs) under constant and variable internal pulsatile pressure flow. The apparatus designed by us well simulated the arterial system. The studies were made for the case of pressure amplitude kept as constant, of the two-step-multi-duplicated pulsatile pressure and of the fluctuating pressure. For the case of the fluctuating pressure, the strength of the artery becomes considerably lower than those under constant amplitude and two-step-multi-duplicated pulsatile pressure. SEM observations of the inner walls of the artery shows that collagen fibers are more elongated under fluctuating pulsatile pressure flow. In conclusion, in order to avoid the mechanical deterioration of the artery strength, it is useful to keep the pulsatile blood pressure at constant amplitude. Even for the case of the blood pressure fluctuation, it is necessary to manage to keep the blood pressure as near a regular wave as possible, the total number of repeated pulse being equal.

Needle Insertion Control Method for Minimizing Both Deflection and Tissue Damage

2019 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 1842005
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Tsumura ◽  
Yusuke Takishita ◽  
Hiroyasu Iwata
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Insertion Force ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Needle Deflection ◽  
Hole Area ◽  
Insertion Method

Because fine needles can easily be deflected, accurate needle insertion is often difficult. Lower abdominal insertion is particularly difficult because of less imaging feedback; thus, an approach for allowing a straight insertion path by minimizing deflection is beneficial in cases of lower abdominal insertion. Although insertion with axial rotation can minimize deflection, the rotational insertion may cause tissue damage. Therefore, we established a novel insertion method for minimizing both deflection and tissue damage by combining rotation and vibration. Using layered tissues, we evaluated the effect of a combination of rotation and vibration in terms of deflection and tissue damage, which were measured by the insertion force and torque, and the area of the hole created by the needle using histological tissue sections to measure tissue damage. The experimental results demonstrated that insertion with unidirectional rotation is risky in terms of tissue wind-up, while insertion with bidirectional rotation can decrease deflection and avoid wind-up. We also found that insertion with vibration can decrease the insertion force and torque. Therefore, insertion with a combination of bidirectional rotation and vibration can minimize needle deflection and tissue damage, including the insertion force and torque and the hole area.

scholarly journals Head-down tilt position successfully prevent severe brain air embolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2050313X1880926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaku Yamaguchi ◽  
Hiroyuki Miura ◽  
Eiji Nakajima ◽  
Norihiko Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Air Embolism ◽  
Cardiac Massage ◽  
Open Chest ◽  
Successful Recovery ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Margin Detection ◽  
Air Embolus

Air embolisms are rare life-threatening complications that develop under various conditions, including surgery. During segmentectomy for thoracic surgery, air is blown into the selected bronchus for segment margin detection. This may result in the formation of an air embolus. Herein, we report a case of successful recovery from sudden intraoperative cardiac arrest due to an air embolism in a patient undergoing left superior division segmentectomy via open thoracotomy. Intraoperatively, the patient was positioned head-down. Upon blowing air into the bronchus, the patient suddenly developed cardiac arrest. Open-chest cardiac massage and low-temperature therapy were commenced and the patient recovered. The head-down position prevents the air embolus from reaching the brain and thus prevents severe brain damage, whereas continuous open-chest massage and low temperature prevents severe body damage from anticipated cardiac air embolism. Thus, operation in the head-down position is useful in preventing severe brain damage from brain air embolisms.

scholarly journals The effective use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the management of air embolism – rare and potentially fatal acute complication of hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kade ◽  
Sebastian Spaleniak ◽  
Artur Maliborski ◽  
Jacek Siewiera ◽  
Stefan Antosiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Air Embolism ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Sensor Failure ◽  
Acute Complication

Introduction: Air embolism is a rare and potentially fatal acute complication. Its causes are mainly iatrogenic. It requires rapid diagnostics and treatment, including hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Aim: The main aim was to present the potential causes of air embolism during hemodialysis (HD) and show the importance of quick clinical diagnosis and therapy – on the base of clinical case. Case study: 65-years old male patient with diabetic nephropathy was treated with HD. The permanent dialysis catheters were used as vascular access due to the difficulties with formation of arteriovenous fistula. The massive air embolism occurred during one of the dialysis sessions. The clinical suspicion was confirmed by CT scan which showed the presence of gas bubbles in abdominal arteries. The cause of air embolism was sensor failure. The presence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) with reversed leakage caused the air ingress into arterial system. Patient was qualified for the immediate hyperbaric therapy. The quick improvement in the condition of the patient took place. Results and discussion: The massive air embolism may occur in HD patients, particularly in those who are dialyzed with use of catheters as vascular access. This rare complication should be considered in the case of sudden worsening of patient condition during HD procedure. The use of CT scan to confirm the air embolism suspicion and availability of HBOT are necessary for successful management of this complication. Conclusions: HBOT is a safe and effective method of air embolism treatment in HD patients.

scholarly journals The Roball

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Inverted Pendulum ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Flat Plates ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
New Device ◽  
System A ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
User Friendly

Robinson Seismic's latest developments in seismic isolation includes a new device, the RoballTM, for seismically isolating structures during earthquakes. This advance is a new concept for seismic isolation based on the principle of the inverted pendulum. It consists of 'friction balls' or 'Roballs' moving between upper and lower spherical like cavities or flat plates. The Roballs are filled with a material which is able to provide the friction forces required to absorb the energy from numerous earthquakes while supporting the structure. The Roball technique is expected to enable light and in the future possibly heavy structures to be more economically seismically isolated. As part of a program to develop a user friendly 'seismic isolation system' a series of full-scale tests have been carried out on a number of possible designs including three approaches for vertical pressures of -1 MPa resulting in coefficients of friction of -0.1 to -0.4. In this paper we present the preliminary experimental results.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document