Automated Heuristic Induction From Human Design Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Puentes ◽  
Jonathan Cagan ◽  
Christopher McComb
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Induction Process ◽  
Induction Technique ◽  
Applied Design ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
Aid Decision

Abstract Through experience, designers develop guiding principles, or heuristics, to aid decision-making in familiar design domains. Generalized versions of common design heuristics have been identified across multiple domains and applied by novices to design problems. Previous work leveraged a sample of these common heuristics to assist in an agent-based design process, which typically lacks heuristics. These predefined heuristics were translated into sequences of specifically applied design changes that followed the theme of the heuristic. To overcome the upfront burden, need for human interpretation, and lack of generality of this manual process, this paper presents a methodology that induces frequent heuristic sequences from an existing timeseries design change dataset. Individual induced sequences are then algorithmically grouped based on similarity to form groups that each represent a shared general heuristic. The heuristic induction methodology is applied to data from two human design studies in different design domains. The first dataset, collected from a truss design task, finds a highly similar set of general heuristics used by human designers to that which was hand selected for the previous computational agent study. The second dataset, collected from a cooling system design problem, demonstrates further applicability and generality of the heuristic induction process. Through this heuristic induction technique, designers working in a specified domain can learn from others’ prior problem-solving strategies and use these strategies in their own future design problems.

Data-Driven Heuristic Induction From Human Design Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Puentes ◽  
Jonathan Cagan ◽  
Christopher McComb
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Design Heuristics ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Induction Process ◽  
Induction Technique ◽  
Applied Design ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
Aid Decision

Abstract Through experience, designers develop guiding principles, or heuristics, to aid decision-making in familiar design domains. Generalized versions of common design heuristics have been identified across multiple domains and applied by novices to design problems. Previous work leveraged a sample of these common heuristics to assist in an agent-based design process, which typically lacks heuristics. These predefined heuristics were translated into sequences of specifically applied design changes that followed the theme of the heuristic. To overcome the upfront burden, need for human interpretation, and lack of generality of this manual process, this paper presents a methodology that induces frequent heuristic sequences from an existing timeseries design change dataset. Individual induced sequences are then algorithmically grouped based on similarity to form groups that each represent a shared general heuristic. The heuristic induction methodology is applied to data from two human design studies in different design domains. The first dataset, collected from a truss design task, finds a highly similar set of general heuristics used by human designers to that which was hand-selected for the previous computational agent study. The second dataset, collected from a cooling system design problem, demonstrates further applicability and generality of the heuristic induction process. Through this heuristic induction technique, designers working in a specified domain can learn from others’ prior problem-solving strategies and use these strategies in their own future design problems.

scholarly journals Design Principles: Literature Review, Analysis, and Future Directions

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine K. Fu ◽  
Maria C. Yang ◽  
Kristin L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Design Science ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Future Design ◽  
The Future ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Archival Practices

Design principles are created to codify and formalize design knowledge so that innovative, archival practices may be communicated and used to advance design science and solve future design problems, especially the pinnacle, wicked, and grand-challenge problems that face the world and cross-cutting markets. Principles are part of a family of knowledge explication, which also include guidelines, heuristics, rules of thumb, and strategic constructs. Definitions of a range of explications are explored from a number of seminal papers. Based on this analysis, the authors pose formalized definitions for the three most prevalent terms in the literature—principles, guidelines, and heuristics—and draw more definitive distinctions between the terms. Current research methods and practices with design principles are categorized and characterized. We further explore research methodologies, validation approaches, semantic principle composition through computational analysis, and a proposed formal approach to articulating principles. In analyzing the methodology for discovering, deriving, formulating, and validating design principles, the goal is to understand and advance the theoretical basis of design, the foundations of new tools and techniques, and the complex systems of the future. Suggestions for the future of design principles research methodology for added rigor and repeatability are proposed.

scholarly journals Enabling Product Design Reuse by Long-term Preservation of Engineering Knowledge

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Brunsmann ◽  
Wolfgang Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Product Lifecycle Management ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Engineering Knowledge ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Long Term Preservation

In the highly competitive engineering industry, product innovations are created with the help of a product lifecycle management (PLM) tool chain. In order to support fast-paced product development, a major company goal is the reuse of product designs and product descriptions. Due to the product’s complexity, the design of a product not only consists of geometry data but also of valuable engineering knowledge that is created during the various PLM phases. The need to preserve such intellectual capital leads engineering companies to introduce knowledge management and archiving their machine-readable formal representation. However, archived knowledge is in danger of becoming unusable since it is very likely that knowledge semantics and knowledge representation will evolve over long time periods, for example during the 50 operational years of some products. Knowledge evolution and knowledge representation technology changes are crucial issues since a reuse of the archived product information can only be ensured if its rationale and additional knowledge are interpretable with future software and technologies. Therefore, in order to reuse design data fully, knowledge about the design must also be migrated to be interoperable with future design systems and knowledge representation methods. This paper identifies problems, issues, requirements, challenges and solutions that arise while tackling the long-term preservation of engineering knowledge.

Quantity Dimension Indexing for Design Knowledge Management

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamotsu Murakami ◽  
Yasushi Suehisa
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
International System ◽  
Design Knowledge ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Similarity Estimation ◽  
System Of Units ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Physical Quantities

Although many knowledge management techniques based on text expression have been developed, they are not necessarily sufficient for managing engineering design knowledge. In this paper, we propose quantity dimension indexing of design knowledge as a fundamental method for design knowledge management. Physical quantities describing physical phenomena can be represented as vectors in a seven-dimensional space where the orthogonal axes are the seven base units of the SI (The International System of Units). Because of the generality, objectivity and universality of the SI, this space covers all physical quantities that appear in the past, present and future design knowledge and design problems, and the same quantities are represented as the same vectors regardless of the differences in people, products, domains, organizations, nations and languages. We assume that the similarities of physical phenomena lead to similarities in the dimensions of quantities describing the phenomena, and propose to use this seven-dimensional vector for estimating the similarity of design knowledge from the viewpoint of physical phenomena. Based on this basic idea, we mathematically define similarity between two quantities using quantity dimensions. We prepared design knowledge examples and retrieval keys and conducted design knowledge retrieval and design knowledge similarity estimation by quantity dimension indexing and confirmed that we obtained adequate results without using a concept dictionary or thesaurus elaborated in advance, which are indispensable in the text approach.

FIDOE: A Framework for Intelligent Distributed Ontologies in Engineering

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Witherell ◽  
Sundar Krishnamurty ◽  
Ian R. Grosse ◽  
Jack Wileden
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Distributed Environment ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Pcb Design ◽  
Common Domain ◽  
Distributed Process ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Future Work

This paper presents FIDOE, a Framework for Intelligent Distributed Ontologies in Engineering. FIDOE consists of a suite of logic rules and templates for interactively developing relationships between properties of linked ontologies. The logical rules embedded in FIDOE automatically operate on various discipline-specific ontologies to systematically identify influences, direct and indirect, of proposed design modifications on other aspects of the design through common domain concepts. Once potential influences are identified, FIDOE enables the user to precisely define the domain relationships, using predefined templates, between the identified domain concepts that enumerate influence types. This tool, thus, provides a pervasive, real time awareness of the implications of design changes during the design process in a distributed environment. The application of FIDOE to distributed and multidisciplinary design problems is detailed with the aid of an industry-provided printed circuit board (PCB) design. Here, commonalities among indirectly connected domain ontologies (electrical, mechanical and thermal domains) are identified using the developed query method and subsequent relationships are defined. These relationships are then applied to provide a collaborative understanding and awareness of the distributed process, all while demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach. This awareness was successfully able to address some previously identified industry concerns, returning promising results while laying a solid foundation for future work.

Aerodynamic Loads Prediction in an Integrated Computer-Based Conceptual Design Environment

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Goldstraw ◽  
C. Bil ◽  
C. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Aerodynamic Load ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Conceptual Design Phase ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Step Over

An important aspect of successful aircraft design is the concept of ‘right first time’, as any design changes downstream can be costly and may cause project delays. This is most applicable to the conceptual design phase. However, in the early stages of aircraft design, data is limited and prone to inaccuracies. Consequently, a design will typically traverse through a number of iterations, improving and refining with each step. Over the past 15 years, computer-based tools have become commonplace in aircraft design [1]. In general, most computer-based tools have been developed for the more advanced stages of the design process. For these tools to be useful in conceptual design, they must be user-friendly, interactive, and provide quick return times. A classic example is the aerodynamic load data required for structural design. Both are dependent on geometric parameters, which may still be subject to change. To complete the analysis within practical time constraints, a highly integrated and automated system is required [2, 3]. This paper presents such a system, developed using industry accepted software components including AutoCAD, VSAERO and MSC Nastran. This system allows an automatic, structured topology mesh to be generated from a basic three-view aircraft drawing, which inputs directly into VSAERO for loads calculations. The loads are subsequently transferred to MSC Patran as a pre-processor for structural analysis using MSC Nastran. If the result is unsatisfactory, the geometry or placement of structural components can easily be changed and the process repeated. The design environment was developed using FORTRAN90. The results of an application of this system to a simple wing, as well as a regional transport aircraft, are also presented.

Solving Design Problems for Cathodic Protection of Glass-Lined Domestic Water Heaters

CORROSION ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
H. C. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Cathodic Protection System

Abstract Factors important in designing” a cathodic protection system for glass lined domestic hot water heaters are considered. Method by which bare areas of single coated glass lined tanks can be calculated is explained, and comparisons are made between calculated values and those obtained by tests on tanks under protection. Instruments for making these tests and techniques are illustrated and described. Design data relevant to required current densities are considered with respect to platinum clad tantalum and platinum plated titanium anodes. Regulations of Underwriters’ Laboratories concerning accumulated gas from cathodic protection systems are weighed against test results and the volume of gas actually produced is measured and analyzed. Design criteria and details for rectified current used in systems applied to electrically heated tanks are given. Details of a thermoelectric generator for use with gas fired tanks are given. This generator produces sufficient current to protect a well-lined tank in the highest resistivity water likely to be encountered. 5.2.3

Towards Orthogonal Turbomachinery Design

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome P. Jarrett ◽  
Theo A. Bell ◽  
P. John Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Global Optimum ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Surge Margin ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Engine Compressor ◽  
Turbomachinery Design

The aviation industry is under significant commercial and environmental pressure to produce a revolution in design. However, despite the significant advances in automatic design optimization made over the last 30 years, the industry is still largely conducting design by evolution. The complexity of a modern aeroengine encourages the separation of its conceptual from its detailed design: this limits the utility of powerful design optimization tools solving the “classical” optimization problem (of design space search for the global optimum) to the detailed designer who is more usually tasked with reaching a specification. One of the principal difficulties of modifying the design to reach a particular specified goal is that, though the desired improvement might be achieved, it often comes at unacceptable detriment to other performance indicators. We present results of our orthogonal design technique (that assists the designer in producing improvements in specific attributes of the design without penalty in other aspects) applied to the redesign of a generic core engine compressor for two “real-world” design problems: reducing the part count without aerodynamic penalty and increasing the efficiency without reduction in surge margin, pressure rise or mass flow. The two resulting designs, while meeting their constraints, exhibit a reduction in blading equivalent to two rotor rows and an increase in adiabatic efficiency of 1.0 percentage point respectively. The design changes which produce these improvements, together with how these compare with design rationale, are discussed.

scholarly journals Commercial Aircraft Electrification—Current State and Future Scope

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8381
Author(s):  
Liya Tom ◽  
Muhammad Khowja ◽  
Gaurang Vakil ◽  
Chris Gerada
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Current State ◽  
Electric Aircraft ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Drive Systems

Electric and hybrid-electric aircraft propulsion are rapidly revolutionising mobility technologies. Air travel has become a major focus point with respect to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The electrification of aircraft components can bring several benefits such as reduced mass, environmental impact, fuel consumption, increased reliability and quicker failure resolution. Propulsion, actuation and power generation are the three key areas of focus in more electric aircraft technologies, due to the increasing demand for power-dense, efficient and fault-tolerant flight components. The necessity of having environmentally friendly aircraft systems has promoted the aerospace industry to use electrically powered drive systems, rather than the conventional mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic systems. In this context, this paper reviews the current state of art and future advances in more electric technologies, in conjunction with a number of industrially relevant discussions. In this study, a permanent magnet motor was identified as the most efficient machine for aircraft subsystems. It is found to be 78% and 60% more power dense than switch-reluctant and induction machines. Several development methods to close the gap between existing and future design were also analysed, including the embedded cooling system, high-thermal-conductivity insulation materials, thin-gauge and high-strength electrical steel and integrated motor drive topology.

scholarly journals The influence of efficiency of the cooling system on the thermodynamic parameters and performance of a two - stage VC 20.96 reciprocating compressor designed to serve as a marine engine starter

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Mateusz Grzelczak
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Reciprocating Compressor ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Ratio Distribution ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Marine Engine ◽  
Type Series ◽  
Basic Task ◽  
Applied Design

ABSTRACT The paper presents results of the research related to the analysis of the thermodynamic and flow processes occurring in a prototype VC 20.96 two-stage liquid-cooled reciprocating compressor. The compressor has been developed and manufactured by H. Cegielski Poznan metal works in collaboration with the Poznan University of Technology. The research related to the VC compressor was realized within the KBN 3127/C.T07-6/2002 project titled “Development of design of type-series of reciprocating compressors and their implementation in production”. The basic task of the project was to develop two type-series of liquid- and air- cooled reciprocating compressors of the V- and W- arrangement, designed to serve as marine engine starters. The result of the design work was the manufacturing of two compressors: the VC 20.96 liquid-cooled compressor and the WP 18.80 air-cooled one. The main aim of the research described in this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of the cooling system which uses inter-coolers integrated with the compressing stages and the cooperation of the compressing stages in terms of pressure ratio distribution. Owing to the cooling method, the applied design assumptions enabled to develop a compact compressor fulfilling the assumed operating parameters.

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