Modeling Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Customer Preferences in Engineering Design

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youyi Bi ◽  
Jian Xie ◽  
Zhenghui Sha ◽  
Mingxian Wang ◽  
Yan Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Demand Modeling ◽  
Customer Preferences ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity

Customer preferences are found to evolve over time and correlate with geographical locations. Studying spatiotemporal heterogeneity of customer preferences is crucial to engineering design as it provides a dynamic perspective for a thorough understanding of preference trend. However, existing analytical models for demand modeling do not take the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of customer preferences into consideration. To fill this research gap, a spatial panel modeling approach is developed in this study to investigate the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of customer preferences by introducing engineering attributes explicitly as model inputs in support of demand forecasting in engineering design. In addition, a step-by-step procedure is proposed to aid the implementation of the approach. To demonstrate this approach, a case study is conducted on small SUV in China’s automotive market. Our results show that small SUVs with lower prices, higher power, and lower fuel consumption tend to have a positive impact on their sales in each region. In understanding the spatial patterns of China’s small SUV market, we found that each province has a unique spatial specific effect influencing the small SUV demand, which suggests that even if changing the design attributes of a product to the same extent, the resulting effects on product demand might be different across different regions. In understanding the underlying social-economic factors that drive the regional differences, it is found that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, length of paved roads per capita and household consumption expenditure have significantly positive influence on small SUV sales. These results demonstrate the potential capability of our approach in handling spatial variations of customers for product design and marketing strategy development. The main contribution of this research is the development of an analytical approach integrating spatiotemporal heterogeneity into demand modeling to support engineering design.

Railroad Integration and Uneven Development on the European Periphery, 1870–1910

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-289
Author(s):  
Eduard J. Alvarez-Palau ◽  
Alfonso Díez-Minguela ◽  
Jordi Martí-Henneberg
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Railroad Network ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
European Periphery ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between railroad integration and regional development on the European periphery between 1870 and 1910, based on a regional data set including 291 spatial units. Railroad integration is proxied by railroad density, while per capita GDP is used as an indicator of economic development. The period under study is of particular relevance as it has been associated with the second wave of railroad construction in Europe and also coincides with the industrialization of most of the continent. Overall, we found that railroads had a significant and positive impact on the growth of per capita GDP across Europe. The magnitude of this relationship appears to be relatively modest, but the results obtained are robust with respect to a number of different specifications. From a geographical perspective, we found that railroads had a significantly greater influence on regions located in countries on the northern periphery of Europe than in other outlying areas. They also helped the economies of these areas to begin the process of catching up with the continent’s industrialized core. In contrast, the regions on the southern periphery showed lower levels of economic growth, with this exacerbating the preexisting divergence in economic development. The expansion of the railroad network in them was unable to homogenize the diffusion of economic development and tended to further benefit the regions that were already industrialized. In most of the cases, the capital effect was magnified, and this contributed to the consolidation of newly created nation-states.

scholarly journals Corporate Social Responsibility: The Principles and the Process of Integration into the System of Strategic Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyubov Leonidovna Tonysheva ◽  
Darya Vladimirovna Chumlyakova
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Corporate Social

<p>The article deals with corporate social responsibility as part of the formation of the company’s strategy. The problem of linking the strategic management of social responsibility, which is the basis for long-term sustainable development of the organization, have a positive impact on the environment. In this connection, it clarified the essential characteristics of social responsibility of business strategy development reflecting its development, renewal of forms of representation and instruments of regulation of social activity. The principles of social responsibility, aimed at enhancing its integration into the strategic management system (multi-level development, the complexity of the implementation of the functional activities, variability management tools) were offered. The algorithm of the process of integration of social responsibility of business in the strategic management of the organization, which includes management tools for the selection of strategic priorities for the development of corporate social responsibility, was developed. For copyright management toolkit applies the matrix to determine the positioning of the organization in the coordinates of the “level of social responsibility of business - the degree of stakeholder involvement in the implementation of strategic objectives” and the Balanced Scorecard, which provides a link to strategic objectives in the field of social responsibility indicators for their achievement and tactical action based the extent of its integration into the system of strategic management.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of unemployment and income on entrepreneurship in post-apartheid South Africa: 1994–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darma Mahadea ◽  
Irrshad Kaseeram
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
National Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Background: South Africa has made significant progress since the dawn of democracy in 1994. It registered positive economic growth rates and its real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increased from R42 849 in 1994 to over R56 000 in 2015. However, employment growth lagged behind GDP growth, resulting in rising unemployment. Aim and setting: Entrepreneurship brings together labour and capital in generating income, output and employment. According to South Africa’s National Development Plan, employment growth would come mainly from small-firm entrepreneurship and economic growth. Accordingly, this article investigates the impact unemployment and per capita income have on early stage total entrepreneurship activity (TEA) in South Africa, using data covering the 1994–2015 period. Methods: The methodology used is the dynamic least squares regression. The article tests the assertion that economic growth, proxied by real per capita GDP income, promotes entrepreneurship and that high unemployment forces necessity entrepreneurship. Results: The regression results indicate that per capita real GDP, which increases with economic growth, has a highly significant, positive impact on entrepreneurial activity, while unemployment has a weaker effect. A 1% rise in real per capita GDP results in a 0.16% rise in TEA entrepreneurship, and a 1% rise in unemployment is associated with a 0.25% rise in TEA. Conclusion: There seems to be a strong pull factor, from income growth to entrepreneurship and a reasonable push from unemployment to entrepreneurship, as individuals without employment are forced to self-employment as a necessity, survival mechanism. Overall, a long-run co-integrating relationship seems plausible between unemployment, income and entrepreneurship in South Africa.

scholarly journals The impact of health care financing on the economic growth: EU countries analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Samoilikova ◽  
Rosen Kunev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This article generalized modern tendencies and actual peculiarities of health care financing. The key aim of the research is to investigate the dynamics of health care financing as a factor of economic growth based on EU countries analysis. Systematization information sources connected with health care financing and its structure indicate that the EU countries analysis of dynamics of health care financing and its impact on economic growth was conducted fragmentary. This issue is still actual both for scholars and policymakers, especially for Ukraine, based on European trends. Investigation in the article is made according to the following stages: 1) introduction and relevance grounding; 2) literary review and identifying the necessity of research in this scientific area; 3) describing methodology, research methods, and current hypothesis; 4) characteristic of research results and confirming the hypothesis of the positive impact of the health care financing on economic growth; 5) making conclusions. Methodological tools of the research methods were structural and comparative analysis, logical generalization, and scientific abstraction. The methods of cross-country statistical and analytical analysis using the Excel 2010 software package for the sample from 14 EU countries for 2009-2018 (limited number of countries and limited data in 2018 relate to the data availability on open website of the EU statistical office) were applied to analyse the structure of health care financing, in particular financing schemes, main providers, and health care functions. The top countries in health care financing were identified. The methods of empirical analysis using the STATA software package for this data sample were used to confirm the hypothesis about the positive impact of the health care financing on economic growth – the GDP per capita. The nature of the analysed indices distribution was estimated based on results of Shapiro-Wilk test. So, Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient was chosen. The statistical significance and strength of the relationship between the indicators of total expenditure for health care, and in particular government financing and compulsory contributory health care financing, voluntary health care financing, and household out-of-pocket payment for health care and the change of GDP per capita were assessed through a correlation analysis. The time lags of achievement the most statistical significance by this relationship was also identified. The results of the research show that the impact of health care financing on the change of economic growth is very high in 12 from 14 investigated EU countries (with lags of 1–3 years) and high in 2 from 14 countries (with a lag of 1 year). The character of this relationship for the most countries (9 from 14 countries) is direct (positive), and for 5 countries it is inverse (negative). The results of the research will be useful during future fundamental and practical research connected with health care financing and its modelling, for scholars and government officials to reform the health care system and its financial mechanism.

scholarly journals Despesas públicas e o nível de desenvolvimento humano dos estados brasileiros: uma análise do IDHM 2000 e 2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-54
Author(s):  
Taíse Fatima Mattei ◽  
Fernanda Mendes Bezerra ◽  
Gilmar Ribeiro de Mello
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares Method

Resumo: Uma das formas de um governo atuar na economia é na alocação dos gastos públicos. Os gastos públicos têm o objetivo de contribuir para o fornecimento de serviços públicos para a população, e também para a geração de investimentos na economia. Muitas vezes, questiona-se se esses gastos podem, de fato, contribuir para a melhoraria da vida das pessoas. Dessa forma, entender se as despesas públicas têm relação com o nível de desenvolvimento humano é importante para a tomada de decisão dos governantes e para melhorar a gestão dos gastos públicos, principalmente para direcionar em quais áreas devem ser gastos os recursos. Diante disso, o objetivo com este artigo foi verificar qual a contribuição das despesas públicas per capita por funções para o nível de desenvolvimento humano dos estados brasileiros. O método adotado é a regressão múltipla estimada pelo método de mínimos quadrados ordinários utilizando dados em painel. Os dados são provenientes do IBGE, PNUD e IPEA DATA. Os resultados sugerem que algumas despesas possuem contribuição positiva para o desenvolvimento dos estados. Analisando o modelo com todas as despesas na mesma regressão, saúde e educação apresentaram relação positiva para aumentar o IDHM. Analisando os modelos em regressões isoladas, as despesas com assistência e previdência, educação, saúde e segurança e transporte confirmaram impacto positivo sobre o nível de desenvolvimento dos estados. Destaca-se a importância das despesas com saúde e educação, as quais se apresentaram influenciáveis no desenvolvimento nas duas abordagens realizadas.Palavras-chave: Despesas Públicas. Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano. Estados brasileiros. Public expenditure and human development level of Brazilian states: an analysis of IDHM 2000 and 2010 Abstract: One of the ways for a government to act in the economy is in the allocation of public expenditures. Public expenditures aim to contribute to the provision of public services to the population, as well as to the generation of investments in the economy. It is often questioned whether such expenditures can actually contribute to the improvement of people's lives. Thus, understanding whether public expenditures arerelated to the level of human development is important for government decision-making, and to improve the management of public expenditures, mainly to target the areas in which resources should be spent. Therefore, the objective of this article is to verify the contribution of public expenditure per capita by functions to the level of human development of the Brazilian states. The method adopted is the multiple regression estimated by the ordinary least squares method using panel data. The data comes from IBGE, UNDP and IPEA DATA. The results suggest that some expenses have a positive contribution to the development of the states. Analyzing the model with all expenses in the same regression, health and education presented positive relation to increase the HDI. Analyzing the models in isolated regressions, assistance and pension, education, health, safety and transportation expenses confirmed a positive impact on the level of development of the states. It is important to highlight the importance of health and education expenditures, which were influential in the development of the two approaches.Keywords: Public Expenditure. Human Development Index. Brazilian states.

Indigenous Management and Bottom of Pyramid Countries

2016 ◽  
pp. 107-123
Author(s):  
Ron Berger
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Business Research ◽  
Indigenous Management ◽  
National Institutions ◽  
Bottom Of Pyramid ◽  
International Business Research ◽  
Per Capita

Recent research on indigenous management has created the potential for more diverse, and innovative international business research (Holtbrugge, Narayanan and Wang, 2011). In this conceptual chapter, I extend the existing literature on indigenous management, with an integration into, bottom of pyramid country research such as India (Prahalad and Hart, 2004; London and Hart, 2004; Berger, 2014). In the 21st century, eighty percent of the world's population is still considered developing, i.e. having a per capita income of less than U.S. $1,000 dollars per year. Most of these are emerging. This chapter focuses on the importance of national institutions and their potential lessons for, bottom of pyramid countries. I argue that national institutions play a key role in indigenous management research, through their positive impact on the, development of bottom of pyramid countries.

scholarly journals Electricity Usage Efficiency and Electricity Demand Modeling in the Case of Germany and the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branislav Dudic ◽  
Jan Smolen ◽  
Pavel Kovac ◽  
Borislav Savkovic ◽  
Zdenka Dudic
Keyword(s):  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Demand Modeling ◽  
Multiple Variable ◽  
Demand Forecasting Model ◽  
Multiple Variable Regression ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Combined Impact

In this article, monthly and yearly electricity consumption predictions for the German power market were calculated using the multiple variable regression model. This model accounts for several factors that are often neglected when forecasting electricity demand in practice, in particular the role of the higher efficiency of electricity usage from year to year. The analysis performed in this paper helps to explain why no growth in power consumption has been observed in Germany during the last decade. It shows that the electricity efficiency usage dataset is a relevant input for the model, which mitigates the combined impact of other factors on the final electricity consumption. The electricity demand forecasting model presented in this article was built in the year 2013 with forecasts for the future years’ electricity demand in Germany provided until 2020. These forecasts and related findings are also evaluated in this article.

scholarly journals Remittance Status and Contribution to GDP of Nepal

NCC Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Migrant Laborers ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Per Capita

The research paper aims to analyze the status of remittance and its contribution to GDP of Nepal. The study has adopted the descriptive and analytical research design. The study is quantitative in nature. Most of the developing countries like Nepal depend on remittance as the major source of foreign currency earning. Remittance plays an important role in economic development of a country. Nepal has also long history of international labor migration about 200 years ago Nepali migrant laborers are contributing substantial amount as remittance inflows through legal channel which has positive impact on GDP, per-capita income, Capital formation, education etc. The volume of remittance is much more than the records because, migrants are using illegal ways due to ignorance and difficulty in receiving amount from legal ways.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengembangan Ekspor Pala, Lawang, dan Kapulaga Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190
Author(s):  
Ely Nurhayati ◽  
Sri Hartoyo ◽  
Sri Mulatsih
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Economic Distance ◽  
Per Capita

Export is an important component in the economy. The higher export performance, the greater positive impact. From 2012 to 2016, Indonesia’s exports continued to decline, so Indonesia needs to boost its exports. One of the potential commodities to be developed is nutmeg, mace, and cardamoms. This study analyzed the competitiveness of nutmeg, mace, and cardamoms, as well as the factors aecting its exports. The methods used are RCA, EPD, X-Model, and Gravity. The competitiveness analysis showed that the optimistic export markets were Pakistan, Germany, Italy, and USA. The potential export markets were Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, France, and Netherlands. Factors that affecting exports were GDP per capita, price, economic distance, and tariff. -------------------------------- Ekspor merupakan komponen penting dalam perekonomian. Semakin tinggi kinerja ekspor, semakin besar pula dampak positifnya. Sejak 2012 hingga 2016, ekspor Indonesia terus menurun sehingga Indonesia perlu meningkatkan kembali ekspornya. Salah satu komoditas yang potensial dikembangkan adalah pala, lawang, dan kapulaga. Penelitian ini menganalisis daya saing pala, lawang, dan kapulaga, serta faktor yang memengaruhi ekspornya. Metode yang digunakan adalah RCA, EPD, X-Model, dan Gravity. Hasil analisis daya saing menunjukkan bahwa pasar ekspor yang optimis adalah Pakistan, Jerman, Italia, dan Amerika Serikat. Pasar ekspor yang potensial adalah Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, Prancis, dan Belanda. Faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor adalah PDB per kapita, harga, jarak ekonomi, dan tarif.

The Engine or the Caboose? Resource Industries and Twentieth-Century Canadian Economic Performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Keay
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Intensive Production ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
Per Capita

The Canadian economy, already wealthy, diverse, and relatively industrial at the dawn of the twentieth century, had not yet outgrown its reliance on resource-intensive production. Empirical evidence indicates that the exploitation of Canada's natural resource endowment made direct and indirect contributions to the size and efficiency of the twentieth-century domestic economy. I conclude that the concentration of capital and labor in resource industries did not constrain the rate of change of Canadian real GNP per capita between 1900 and 1999, and it appears to have had a substantial positive impact on the level of real GNP per capita.

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