Demographic Factors and Their Influence on Designer Creativity and Empathy Evoked Through User Extreme Conditions

Author(s):  
Sujithra Raviselvam ◽  
Roozbeh Sanaei ◽  
Lucienne Blessing ◽  
Katja Hölttä-Otto ◽  
Kristin L. Wood

Past work has demonstrated that simulating an extraordinary user scenario could have an impact on increasing designer empathy and creativity. It is likely, however, that an individual’s background could make a difference on how such simulated scenarios influence designers and how well the design method works. In this paper, we study the impact of demography and personal connection of the participants to any given simulated scenario versus their response to different empathic simulation workshops. With a variety of design tools and techniques available, understanding such influencing factors could help designers decide on the appropriate design tool for effective ideation. In this study, we investigated the effect of 81 (49 female and 32 male) users from three different workshops that simulated three different extraordinary user scenarios. Results of the study show that personal connection to a population being simulated significantly affects the impact a simulated scenario has on evoking creativity and empathy. And, for the given set of participants, gender did not show significant impact on the participants’ response.

2020 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 00046
Author(s):  
Lenka Kabošová ◽  
Eva Kormaníková ◽  
Stanislav Kmeť ◽  
Dušan Katunský

Building skins are persistently exposed to changes in the weather, including the cases of weather extremes, increasing in frequency due to global climate change. As a consequence of the advancements of digital design tools, the integration of the weather conditions into the design process is much smoother. The impact of the ambient conditions on buildings and their structures can be digitally analyzed as early as in the conceptual design stage. These new design tools stimulate original ideas for shape-changing building skins, actively reacting to the dynamic weather conditions. In the paper, a digital design method is introduced, leading towards the design of a building skin, able of the passive shape adaptation when subjected to the wind. The designed building skin consists of a tensegrity structure where the tensioned elements are substituted by a tensile membrane, creating a self-equilibrated building skin element. In the previous research, a small prototype of this wind-adaptive element was created. The computer simulations are employed to predict the adaptive behavior of a bigger, full-scale building skin element. The before-mentioned building envelope becomes an active player in its surrounding environment, passively reacting to the wind in real-time, thanks to the geometric and material properties. Due to the local shape changes caused by the wind force, the wind can be perceived unconventionally through the adaptive building structure.


Author(s):  
W. Stuart Miller ◽  
Sudhakar Teegavarapu ◽  
Joshua D. Summers

This case study observes the effect of design tool use in engineering courses on subsequent uses of design tools. Students gain a familiarity with design tools as they use them in early engineering classes, and will traditionally implement similar methods to seek future design solutions. Problems arise because design tools are often used inappropriately, which may or may not lead to productive outcomes. Understanding how design tools are incorporated into engineering curriculum will reveal how that particular method was selected, the background information given to the student to facilitate tool use, and the benefit gained from using the specific tool in the given case. This information is valuable to the evaluation of the engineering curriculum of which few performance metrics exist. This case study utilizes a design team enrolled in a capstone design course to collect data on the use of design tools throughout their curriculum. Trends are revealed that relate how the tool use is implemented, how the instruction is delivered to the student, and the beneficial application of those to the given design project. These trends directly apply to the intellectual growth of the student as well as the topical coverage and implementation by the engineering department. Using this information, the engineering curriculum can improve its delivery of design instruction. It can be assumed that by improving the curriculum, the quality of the students will follow; yielding engineers who can study better and conduct design projects with intentional precision.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-154
Author(s):  
Rena Alasgarova

The given action research is aimed at investigating the impact the implementation of CLIL techniques may have on understanding and comprehension of the content in the teaching/learning environment where English is used as a medium of education. The research was conducted in Cambridge department of one of the private schools in Baku, Azerbaijan with two groups of 11-12-year-old learners. CLIL methodology was utilized in History of Azerbaijan classes to check whether the approach can facilitate the understanding of the content matter for the students who are proficient English users. The distinctive feature of this action research is that it allows for viewing CLIL approach from a perspective opposite to the common perspective where the focus is shifted from learning the language through content to learning content through CLIL tools and techniques.


Author(s):  
Sujithra Raviselvam ◽  
Katja Hölttä-Otto ◽  
Kristin L. Wood

Designers often design for people unlike themselves. Many design tools and methods have been developed to support the designers in this task. One area is empathic design, where, simulated scenarios allow the designers to experience a situation that is less likely to be accessed otherwise. These simulated scenarios are widely used and past studies have shown these methods enhance designer creativity or evoke designer empathy. In this paper we investigate to what extent these simulated scenarios help increase designer empathy and creativity and how it compares to only being briefed about the target population. In this study 36 subjects took part in a workshop that included a briefing about the life of people with visual impairments as well as a simulation of such scenarios. Participants’ levels of creativity and empathy were assessed at three different stages during the workshop: (i) Pre-workshop, (ii) Post-briefing and (iii) Post-simulation. The results show that, the participants’ creativity in terms of novelty, quantity and breadth of the ideas was significantly high after the simulation when compared to only being briefed about the situation. There were no differences in the idea feasibility. All ideas were technically feasible. Also participant empathy increased significantly from before the workshop to post-simulation. A further comparison of the workshop reflections from both participants and volunteers with visual impairments were used to understand the extent to which the participants were able to empathize with people with visual impairments. We find the simulated scenario improved the participants’ ability to understand the simulated population compared to the before workshop state, but nevertheless, the participants were unable to match the level of detail given by the people with actual visual impairments.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Huseynova А.А. ◽  
Vashchinnikova K.D.

Turning to the new educational paradigm, the research paper considers the conditions for ensuring the effective-ness of authentic assessment of students ' achievements within the competence approach and the transition from traditional knowledge control to tests developed on the basis of the theory of pedagogical measurements. Special attention is paid to independent assessment as a tool for stimulating learning activities, as well as to the justifica-tion of the pattern design method used in the develop-ment of measurement tools. The experimental basis of the study is based on the results of an independent assess-ment of educational achievements of students of the sen-ior level of secondary vocational education in social studies in several educational organizations. As a result of the survey of participants in independent testing, the formation of a stable positive learning motivation is not-ed. The relationship with the assessment of the impact on educational motivation is confirmed by the respondents ' attitude to the authentic assessment procedure on the part of participants in the assessment process: school-children, teachers, and parents. As a result, it was re-vealed that all subjects of the educational process evalu-ate the impact of the proposed method of assessment on educational motivation from a positive side.


Author(s):  
Alizaman D. Gamon ◽  
Mariam Saidona Tagoranao

This study discusses the penetration of Islam in the Philippines, particularly the third wave of its expansion, which was brought by Sufi missionaries. It reinstates the historical relevance of Sufi ideas and approaches due to its contemporary relevance to the concept of social co-existence. The rational, intellectual and philosophical dimension of Islam is manifested in the cultural and traditional life of Muslim communities. The study also analyzes the impact of Muslim struggle for the development of Islamic institutions in the context of the secular state. The ongoing, unsettled debate between Islamic and government approaches to peace and development in Mindanao and Sulu continues unabated. Over the years, reforms were introduced, but in their midst, evidence of government biases and prejudices with regards to Islamic institutions have surfaced. Muslim leaders and intellectuals responded in the context of historical rights and freedom, but those views were often questioned as they are presumed to be incompatible with the national agenda for national unity. It was very recently that this incompatibility was readdressed giving support to having lasting peace and justice in Mindanao. The study argues that there have been substantial state-sponsored reforms which may contribute to the gradual advancement of Muslim communities. Though the path for the passage of Muslim concerns within the given condition is fragile and open to challenges, the study recognizes the prominence of inter-civilizational dialogue, from which the universal values of humanity will be embraced by both Muslim and non-Muslim policy makers. In addition, Muslim and non-Muslim communities in the Philippines need to embrace the universal principle of humanity and coexistence due to its relevance to the political stability and economic growth in the country.  Keywords: Muslims in the Philippines, Islamic institutions, Islamization, Muslim intellectuals, Reform. Abstrak Kajian ini mengkaji tentang kemasukan Islam, terutamanya gelombang ketiga perkembangannya, yang dibawa oleh para pendakwah sufi. Kajian itu mengembalikan semula sejarah penting tentang idea-idea dan pendekatan Sufi yang boleh digunapakai pada masa kini untuk mewujudkan keharmonian sosial di kalangan rakyat pelbagai agama. Pemahaman tentang Islam mempunyai pengaruh yang jelas terhadap kebudayaan dan tradisi Islam. Kajian ini juga menganalisis kesan perjuangan Muslim untuk pembangunan institusi Islam dalam konteks sebuah negara sekular. Perbahasan yang berterusan yang tidak menemukan penyelesaian antara pendekatan Islam dan pendekatan kerajaan untuk perdamaian serta pembangunan di Mindanao dan Sulu terus berlanjutan. Walaupun  bertahun-tahun pembaharuan telah dilakukan, namun terdapat bukti penolakan dan prasangka buruk kerajaan terhadap institusi Islam. Para pemimpin dan intelektual Muslim bertindak berdasarkan pada fakta sejarah dan hak kebebasan bersuara, namun pandangan mereka sering dipertikaikan kerana mereka dianggap tidak seiring dengan agenda dan perpaduan nasional. Baru-baru ini ketidakserasian ini mulai disuarakan semula untuk mendapat sokongan terhadap keamanan dan keadilan yang berterusan di Mindanao. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa terdapat pembaharuan yang dilakukan oleh pihak kerajaan yang boleh menyumbang ke arah  kemajuan masyarakat Islam secara beransur-ansur. Walaupun pendekatan bagi memenuhi hasrat orang Islam masih dalam keadaan yang rapuh dan penuh cabaran, namun kajian ini mengusulkan peripentingnya dialog antara peradaban dimana nilai-nilai universal manusia akan diperoleh dan dipegang oleh kedua-kedua pihak pembuat dasar iaitu  Islam dan bukan Islam. Di samping itu, umat Islam dan bukan Islam di Filipina perlu mengkaji dan mencontohi model keharmonian sosial Malaysia dan Singapura kerana kaitannya dengan kestabilan politik dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Kata Kunci: Muslim di Filipina, institusi Islam, Islamisasi, intelektual Islam, Pembaharuan.


2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Wigiyanti Masodah

Offering credit is the main activity of a Bank. There are some considerations when a bank offers credit, that includes Interest Rates, Inflation, and NPL. This study aims to find out the impact of Variable Interest Rates, Inflation variables and NPL variables on credit disbursed. The object in this study is state-owned banks. The method of analysis in this study uses multiple linear regression models. The results of the study have shown that Interest Rates and NPL gave some negative impacts on the given credit. Meanwhile, Inflation variable does not have a significant effect on credit given. Keywords: Interest Rate, Inflation, NPL, offered Credit.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliwia Pietrzak ◽  
Krystian Pietrzak

This paper focuses on effects of implementing zero-emission buses in public transport fleets in urban areas in the context of electromobility assumptions. It fills the literature gap in the area of research on the impact of the energy mix of a given country on the issues raised in this article. The main purpose of this paper is to identify and analyse economic effects of implementing zero-emission buses in public transport in cities. The research area was the city of Szczecin, Poland. The research study was completed using the following research methods: literature review, document analysis (legal acts and internal documents), case study, ratio analysis, and comparative analysis of selected variants (investment variant and base variant). The conducted research study has shown that economic benefits resulting from implementing zero-emission buses in an urban transport fleet are limited by the current energy mix structure of the given country. An unfavourable energy mix may lead to increased emissions of SO2 and CO2 resulting from operation of this kind of vehicle. Therefore, achieving full effects in the field of electromobility in the given country depends on taking concurrent actions in order to diversify the power generation sources, and in particular on increasing the share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES).


Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1540
Author(s):  
Qianqian Ji ◽  
Zhe Gao ◽  
Xingyao Li ◽  
Jian’en Gao ◽  
Gen’guang Zhang ◽  
...  

The Loess Hilly–Gully region (LHGR) is the most serious soil erosion area in the world. For the small watershed with high management in this area, the scientific problem that has been paid attention to in recent years is the impact of the land consolidation project on the erosion environment in the gully region. In this study, the 3D simulation method of vegetation, eroded sediment and pollutant transport was innovated based on the principles of erosion sediment dynamics and similarity theory, and the impacts of GLCP were analyzed on the erosion environment at different scales. The verification results show that the design method and the scale conversion relationship (geometric scale: λl = 100) were reasonable and could simulate the transport process on the complex underlying surface of a small watershed. Compared with untreated watersheds, a significant change was the current flood peak lagging behind the sediment peak. There were two important critical values of GLCP impact on the erosion environment. The erosion transport in HMSW had no change when the proportion was less than 0.85%, and increased obviously when it was greater than 3.3%. The above results have important theoretical and practical significance for watershed simulation and land-use management in HMSW.


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