User Extreme Conditions to Enhance Designer Empathy and Creativity: Applications Using Visual Impairment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujithra Raviselvam ◽  
Katja Hölttä-Otto ◽  
Kristin L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Simulated Population ◽  
The People ◽  
Empathic Design ◽  
Tools And Methods ◽  
Simulated Scenario

Designers often design for people unlike themselves. Many design tools and methods have been developed to support the designers in this task. One area is empathic design, where, simulated scenarios allow the designers to experience a situation that is less likely to be accessed otherwise. These simulated scenarios are widely used and past studies have shown these methods enhance designer creativity or evoke designer empathy. In this paper we investigate to what extent these simulated scenarios help increase designer empathy and creativity and how it compares to only being briefed about the target population. In this study 36 subjects took part in a workshop that included a briefing about the life of people with visual impairments as well as a simulation of such scenarios. Participants’ levels of creativity and empathy were assessed at three different stages during the workshop: (i) Pre-workshop, (ii) Post-briefing and (iii) Post-simulation. The results show that, the participants’ creativity in terms of novelty, quantity and breadth of the ideas was significantly high after the simulation when compared to only being briefed about the situation. There were no differences in the idea feasibility. All ideas were technically feasible. Also participant empathy increased significantly from before the workshop to post-simulation. A further comparison of the workshop reflections from both participants and volunteers with visual impairments were used to understand the extent to which the participants were able to empathize with people with visual impairments. We find the simulated scenario improved the participants’ ability to understand the simulated population compared to the before workshop state, but nevertheless, the participants were unable to match the level of detail given by the people with actual visual impairments.

Demographic Factors and Their Influence on Designer Creativity and Empathy Evoked Through User Extreme Conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujithra Raviselvam ◽  
Roozbeh Sanaei ◽  
Lucienne Blessing ◽  
Katja Hölttä-Otto ◽  
Kristin L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Personal Connection ◽  
User Scenario ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given ◽  
Simulated Scenario

Past work has demonstrated that simulating an extraordinary user scenario could have an impact on increasing designer empathy and creativity. It is likely, however, that an individual’s background could make a difference on how such simulated scenarios influence designers and how well the design method works. In this paper, we study the impact of demography and personal connection of the participants to any given simulated scenario versus their response to different empathic simulation workshops. With a variety of design tools and techniques available, understanding such influencing factors could help designers decide on the appropriate design tool for effective ideation. In this study, we investigated the effect of 81 (49 female and 32 male) users from three different workshops that simulated three different extraordinary user scenarios. Results of the study show that personal connection to a population being simulated significantly affects the impact a simulated scenario has on evoking creativity and empathy. And, for the given set of participants, gender did not show significant impact on the participants’ response.

The Association Between Presenting Visual Impairment, Health, and Employment Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-214
Author(s):  
Michele C. McDonnall ◽  
Zhen S. McKnight
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Labor Force Status ◽  
The People ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual impairment and correctable visual impairment (i.e., uncorrected refractive errors) on being out of the labor force and on unemployment. The effect of health on labor force status was also investigated. Method: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2008 ( N = 15,650) was used for this study. Participants were classified into three vision status groups: normal, correctable visual impairment, and visual impairment. Statistical analyses utilized were chi-square and logistic regression. Results: Having a visual impairment was significantly associated with being out of the labor force, while having a correctable visual impairment was not. Conversely, having a correctable visual impairment was associated with unemployment, while having a visual impairment was not. Being out of the labor force was not significantly associated with health for those with a visual impairment, although it was for those with correctable visual impairments and normal vision. Discussion: Given previous research, it was surprising to find that health was not associated with being out of the labor force for those with visual impairments. Perhaps other disadvantages for the people with visual impairments identified in this study contributed to their higher out-of-the-labor-force rates regardless of health. Implications for practitioners: Researchers utilizing national data sets that rely on self-reports to identify visual impairments should realize that some of those who self-identify as being visually impaired may actually have correctable visual impairments. Current research is needed to understand why a majority of people with visual impairments are not seeking employment and have removed themselves from the labor force.

BIM-Based Material Passport (MP) as an Optimization Tool for Increasing the Recyclability of Buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meliha Honic ◽  
Iva Kovacic ◽  
Helmut Rechberger
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Tool Chain ◽  
Timber Construction ◽  
Recycling Potential ◽  
Building Component ◽  
Flat Roof ◽  
Tools And Methods

Building stocks and infrastructures are representing the largest material stock of industrial economies, whereby the largest fraction of building materials is transformed into waste at the end of the life cycle. In order to optimize the recycling potential of buildings, new design-tools and methods are required, whereby it is of utmost importance to have a documentation of the material composition of buildings. In this paper, the methodology for creating a BIM-based Material Passport, enabling optimization of the design of buildings and serving as a documentation of materials existing in buildings, is described. Therefore, a specific building component - the flat roof - of a residential building is used in order to test the proposed tool-chain and show the recycling potential of the built-in materials. Thereby, the recycling potential of a version in timber construction and a version in concrete construction is assessed. The results show that the two versions have a similar recycling rate. However, concrete has a significantly higher mass in comparison to timber, by what the mass of the total waste materials is less in the timber version.

Computational imaging design tools and methods

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Johnson ◽  
Ash K. Macon ◽  
Goran M. Rauker
Keyword(s):  
Computational Imaging ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Tools And Methods

Custom MOS VLSI design: tools and methods

1989 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 484-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Kleinfelder
Keyword(s):  
Vlsi Design ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Tools And Methods

scholarly journals Relationship between regional food and hypertension in the East of Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2306
Author(s):  
Cihan Önen ◽  
Gülsen Güneş
Keyword(s):  
Target Population ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
City Center ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Regional Food ◽  
The People ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: It is important to focus on behavioral risk factors, such as harmful habits, unhealthy diet, for hypertension. In the study the aim is to examine the hypertension frequency of adults in Bitlis city center, factors affecting this and other related factors.Methods: The target population of the cross-sectional research consists of people aged 30 and higher in Bitlis city center. Face to face interviews were performed with people incorporated to the sample between February 15th and April 15th 2015 time interval in order to collect data from the field.Results: Hypertension frequency was found to be 35.5%. 59.3% of the people with hypertension are aware of the situation. The blood pressure of 26.3% of the people who are aware of their situation is under control. Significant difference was determined between hypertension and consumption frequency of regional foods such as fried fish, local cheese, fish Basma and Kurut. In logistic regression analysis significant relation was determined between hypertension and old age, women, obesity≥30 and Kurut frequent consumption.Conclusions: In the research the hypertension frequency was found to be 35.5%. Significant relation was detected between hypertension and frequent consumption of Kurut which is a regional food.

scholarly journals PROTAGONIST’S ROUND CHARACTERS IN JOHN GREEN’S NOVEL PAPER TOWNS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Feyzar Azhari
Keyword(s):  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Effective Model ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
The People ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Highly Involved

This research was aimed at seeing the protagonist's characters portrayed in the novel Paper Towns by John Green. The research applied the theory of Flat and Round Character proposed by E. M. Forster (1993). This research follows qualitative descriptive method proposed by Creswell (2003), an effective model that occurs in a natural setting that enables the researcher to develop a level of detail from being highly involved in the actual experiences. The result of the analysis shows that the significant protagonist's characters in the novel are distinctive self-disclosure, great ambition and affection. All the distinctive characters drive the protagonist to break the string with the people around her and bring a conflict with her parents.

scholarly journals Assessment of Socioeconomic Problems Facing Returnees Displaced by Boko Haram Insurgency in Gujba Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 20288-20305
Author(s):  
M. Babagana ◽  
Madaki M. J. ◽  
M. Ismail ◽  
B. G. Mohammed ◽  
A. A. Gujja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
The People ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Socioeconomic Problems

The research which studied post insurgency socioeconomic problems with links to Boko Haram insurgency facing residents after their return to the once deserted towns was conducted between the months of November-December, 2018. The study made use of the Descriptive Survey design involving mixed methods. A total of 44,231 people comprising of local inhabitants of the six study locations formed the target population of the study. Slovene’s formular for determining sample size was used to select the 394 respondents who participated in the study. Purposive and Snowball sampling techniques were used to sample the respondents. A researcher made closed ended questionnaire and a structured Interview Guide were also used to collect data. All data collection procedures were self-administered. Quantitative data was analyzed in SPSS Version 20 using Descriptive Statistics while Thematic method was used to analyze the interview responses. Results on respondents’ demographic characteristics indicated that the majority of them were youth not possessing any formal western education. Bulk of them was also found to crop farmers. A lot of social problems such as lack of potable drinking water, lack of power supply, increased fear, epileptic healthcare delivery as well increase in crime rate were found to be facing the communities while economic problems associated with the insurgency among the communities included loss of business places, loss of sources of income, reduced business activities all of which cumulatively led to increased poverty affecting many families. Hence, it was concluded that, if these conditions are left unchecked, anger, frustrations, stigmatization and poverty will continue to escalate among the people. Consequently, factors believed to be the root causes of the insurgency will further be compounded and other unknown civil unrests can ensue. Thus, in order to avoid this, stringent measures should be taken to bring an end to the insurgency in its totality and socioeconomic problems facing the people should be well addressed.

scholarly journals “Illicit Use of Tobacco” - A Street Play to Spread Antitobacco Awareness Among the General Public Attending Tagore Dental and Medical College & Hospitals, Chennai, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 8s-8s
Author(s):  
D.L. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The People ◽  
Illicit Use ◽  
The Impact

Background: Tobacco is the foremost preventable cause of death and disease in the world today, killing half of the people who use it. In the south-east Asia Region (SEAR), smoking prevalence ranges from 29.8% to 63.1% among men and 0.4%–15% among women. The practice of tobacco needs attention. World No Tobacco Day is the event dedicated to call attention toward the impact of tobacco use on public health and reduce individual tobacco dependence. The day is further intended to draw attention to the widespread prevalence of tobacco use and to negative health effects. Aim: · To assess the effectiveness of street play in creating awareness of tobacco hazards among rural population of Chennai.⋅ To evaluate the knowledge gained by the rural population about tobacco hazards from street play using a closed ended questionnaire. Methods: The study was a cross sectional and community based study. The target population for this study was the outpatients attending Tagore Medical and Dental Hospitals, Rathinamangalam, Chennai. The current study was conducted between 19th May 2017 to 26th May 2017, among the outpatients attending Tagore Medical and Dental Hospitals, Rathinamangalam, Chennai. Mainly, the awareness is created by stressing the ill effects and illicit use of any form of tobacco through street play conducted daily for a week in the hospital premises. Result: The preintervention assessment revealed poor knowledge scores on various aspect of harmful effects of tobacco, which significantly improved after intervention. It is conceptual that rural population is not aware of passive smoking or second hand smoke, but our study group accounted to 86% of awareness. Feedback received after street play: after any street play or role play it's good to have feedback from community members to know how effective our play was in spreading the message among them. We were fortunate enough to get good response from community members post play. Overall the feedback of the street play excelled with a score of 96% gaining new knowledge about tobacco hazards, enlightening the thought process in this regard. Conclusion: As a result, the street play in local language and pictorial posters proved to be an effective health educational tool among illiterates and repeated use, before the transition season, for maximum impact.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF WESTERN CHRISTIANITY AND AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION ON CULTURAL AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT IN TRANS NZOIA COUNTY, KENYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1169-1176
Author(s):  
Japheth Barasa Simiyu ◽  
◽  
Ruth Imbuye ◽  
Susan Wandukusi ◽  
Patrick Barasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Traditional Religion ◽  
The People ◽  
In Trans ◽  
African Traditional Religion ◽  
Different Parts

The purpose of this study was to establish effects of Western Christianity and African Traditional Religion on moral and cultural development of the people of Trans Nzoia County. Morals and core values play a very important role in the upbringing of the youth in any given community in any given Geographical part on this planet. The study will be guided by the following objectives: Establish effects of Christianity on moral development, Determine effects of African Traditional Religion on moral development, Compare and contrast effects of moral development of Western Christianity and African Traditional Religion and to determine the role played by morals and core values in both Christianity and African Traditional Religion. Mixed Research method combined both qualitative and quantitative was employed in the study to unearth the hidden truth underlying in the study. The target population was 500 people which gave a sample size of 50Bishops and Pastors of 50 Churches. The researcher employed purposive and simple random sampling techniques. The researcher used two guiding theories in the study: the theory of Atonement on the Christian part and the theory of dual allegiance on the part of African Traditional Religion. Data was collected by use of Questionnaires and Interview schedules. The raw data was analyzed and descriptively availed for facilitation of research objectives and research questions. Computer program SPSS was employed to give the final accurate and precise results of Research findings. The findings indicate that the intrusion of foreign cultures in Trans Nzoia County has helped water down the quality of African morals on one part and the other part there is improvement on cultural and core values of the people of Trans Nzoia County. The conclusion on the same is that since communication and mobility has been so much developed in these resent times, it is easy for people from different parts of the world to meet and interact at any time at any given Geographical zone on the planet. The study recommends that the citizens of Trans Nzoia should be careful enough in considering the kind of morals to be applied in this county since the county is an Agricultural hub where people from different parts of the Earth converge either for commercial purposes or for learning Agri-business techniques.

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