Characterizing Competencies for Human-Centered Design

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Kramer ◽  
Alice M. Agogino ◽  
Celeste Roschuni
Keyword(s):  
Core Competencies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Support Design ◽  
Human Centered Design ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Successful Design ◽  
Research Interviews

Employees and employers alike increasingly value human-centered design, as it can drive innovation across a wide range of industries. With the growing interest in understanding human-centered design processes as they apply in different professions, there is a rising need to recognize the specific competencies necessary to perform these jobs well. Though there is a body of research on how people discover, create, and use design methods, there is a lack of understanding of what core competencies are necessary for people to apply these methods. Previous interactions with target users of theDesignExchange, an interactive community-driven portal to support design researchers and practitioners, have demonstrated a desire for increased awareness of the competencies required for employability and for successful design practice. This paper reports on a portion of an expansive competency-finding project aimed at identifying the core set of competencies that human-centered design practitioners need and employers seek. In this paper, we present our lists of cultivated mindsets, specialized disciplinary skills, contextualized tasks, and basic skills in human-centered design. These lists represent a first pass at identifying the essential and underlying competencies a practicing or aspiring human-centered designer must have in order to perform their current or future design tasks. The work we present in this paper serves as a preliminary starting point for future research interviews with design practitioners and employers, as we seek to understand human-centered design competencies.

scholarly journals Consumer Neuroscience Techniques in Advertising Research: A Bibliometric Citation Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1589
Author(s):  
Juan Sánchez-Fernández ◽  
Luis-Alberto Casado-Aranda ◽  
Ana-Belén Bastidas-Manzano
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Consumer Neuroscience ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Performance Analysis Tools

The limitations of self-report techniques (i.e., questionnaires or surveys) in measuring consumer response to advertising stimuli have necessitated more objective and accurate tools from the fields of neuroscience and psychology for the study of consumer behavior, resulting in the creation of consumer neuroscience. This recent marketing sub-field stems from a wide range of disciplines and applies multiple types of techniques to diverse advertising subdomains (e.g., advertising constructs, media elements, or prediction strategies). Due to its complex nature and continuous growth, this area of research calls for a clear understanding of its evolution, current scope, and potential domains in the field of advertising. Thus, this current research is among the first to apply a bibliometric approach to clarify the main research streams analyzing advertising persuasion using neuroimaging. Particularly, this paper combines a comprehensive review with performance analysis tools of 203 papers published between 1986 and 2019 in outlets indexed by the ISI Web of Science database. Our findings describe the research tools, journals, and themes that are worth considering in future research. The current study also provides an agenda for future research and therefore constitutes a starting point for advertising academics and professionals intending to use neuroimaging techniques.

scholarly journals АНАЛІЗ СУЧАСНОГО СТАНУ РОЗВИТКУ БЕЗПІЛОТНИХ ЛІТАЛЬНИХ МІКРОАПАРАТІВ МУЛЬТИКОПТЕРНОГО ТИПУ

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
О. Г. Гребеніков
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Definition Of

The development of unmanned aerial vehicles is of great interest to both the largest aircraft companies and design enthusiasts, and among the total volume of developments, the volume of multicopter unmanned aerial vehicles occupies one of the leading positions. In this regard, the analysis of existing developments and the definition of future research in this direction is relevant. Multi-helicopter drones have a wide range of functions in both military and civilian use.The paper collects and analyzes statistical data of micro-unmanned aerial vehicles of the multicopter type to determine the achievements in the field of design of micro-unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The current classification of UAVs is considered; as a result of the analysis of statistical data its expansion is offered. The take-off and mass characteristics of the micro UAV are described. The tables showing the existing UAVs are given. In addition, the flight characteristics, aerodynamic schemes and type of engine that are most rationally suited for micro-unmanned aerial vehicles according to their purpose and class are determined.Based on the obtained data, a prototype model of a micro-UAV with improved characteristics was built. The model successfully completed all tasks. This indicates that the new UAV "Fear-1" is a successful project and it has the ability to remotely control by phone or any other equipment designed for this purpose. In addition, the designed device can additionally hang in the specified coordinates."Fear-1" confidently performs tasks in automatic mode, as well as independently decides to return to the starting point of takeoff, if: there is a loss of communication, the battery level has reached a certain level, the UAV has completed its task or used more miles -amperes than specified by the output parameters. The drone has the ability to fly in "Follow me" mode on the selected GPS transmitter. The quadcopter was tested in difficult weather conditions, when the wind force reached 8 points (about 22 m / s). Noise immunity tests were also performed in the industrial frequency range (from 2.4 GHz to 5.8 GHz).

scholarly journals Testing a New Structured Tool for Supporting Requirements’ Formulation and Decomposition

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Fiorineschi ◽  
Niccolò Becattini ◽  
Yuri Borgianni ◽  
Federico Rotini
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Index Method ◽  
General Validity ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Successful Design ◽  
Support Engineering ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index

The definition of a comprehensive initial set of engineering requirements is crucial to an effective and successful design process. To support engineering designers in this non-trivial task, well-acknowledged requirement checklists are available in literature, but their actual support is arguable. Indeed, engineering design tasks involve multifunctional systems, characterized by a complex map of requirements affecting different functions. Aiming at improving the support provided by common checklists, this paper proposes a structured tool capable of allocating different requirements to specific functions, and to discern between design wishes and demands. A first experiment of the tool enabled the extraction of useful information for future developments targeting the enhancement of the tool’s efficacy. Indeed, although some advantages have been observed in terms of the number of proposed requirements, the presence of multiple functions led users (engineering students in this work) to useless repetitions of the same requirement. In addition, the use of the proposed tool resulted in increased perceived effort, which has been measured through the NASA Task Load Index method. These limitations constitute the starting point for planning future research and the mentioned enhancements, beyond representing a warning for scholars involved in systematizing the extraction and management of design requirements. Moreover, thanks to the robustness of the scientific approach used in this work, similar experiments can be repeated to obtain data with a more general validity, especially from industry.

scholarly journals Demystifying online personas of Vietnamese young adults on Facebook: A Q-methodology approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duy Dang-Pham ◽  
Siddhi Pittayachawan ◽  
Mathews Nkhoma
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Common Interests

As online social networking sites (SNS) are becoming a part of many people’s daily life, they have become a topic of interest that attracts the attention of both academics and practitioners. The users’ behaviours on those sites are complex and have important implications. Individuals can use a wide range of SNS’s functionalities, for example, to socialise and promote their online identities or find friends of common interests. Reckless online behaviours on SNS have been shown to result in breaches of privacy and other risks such as cyber-bullying, cyber-stalking, and job loss. As a result, there are many concerns over these problems that prevent SNS from reaching their full potential. Given the vast number of user’s concerns, identified by prior studies, there is a need to explore a typology of users that classifies online personas. This typology would reveal more about the users’ needs and help improve their experience on SNS. To achieve that goal, we collected data from fourteen Vietnamese young adults of different backgrounds who use Facebook, which was then analysed with Q factor analysis. The findings suggested three distinctive online personas that include the Outgoing Connector, the Reserved Trustor, and the Threats Perceiver. Implications for marketing tactics and design of better users’ experiences on social networking sites were discussed, and the proposed typology could serve as a starting point for future research to further explore the different types of social media’s users.

Comparative Effects of High-Tech Visual Scene Displays and Low-Tech Isolated Picture Symbols on Engagement From Students With Multiple Disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Holyfield ◽  
Sydney Brooks ◽  
Allison Schluterman
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Multiple Disabilities ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference

Purpose Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is an intervention approach that can promote communication and language in children with multiple disabilities who are beginning communicators. While a wide range of AAC technologies are available, little is known about the comparative effects of specific technology options. Given that engagement can be low for beginning communicators with multiple disabilities, the current study provides initial information about the comparative effects of 2 AAC technology options—high-tech visual scene displays (VSDs) and low-tech isolated picture symbols—on engagement. Method Three elementary-age beginning communicators with multiple disabilities participated. The study used a single-subject, alternating treatment design with each technology serving as a condition. Participants interacted with their school speech-language pathologists using each of the 2 technologies across 5 sessions in a block randomized order. Results According to visual analysis and nonoverlap of all pairs calculations, all 3 participants demonstrated more engagement with the high-tech VSDs than the low-tech isolated picture symbols as measured by their seconds of gaze toward each technology option. Despite the difference in engagement observed, there was no clear difference across the 2 conditions in engagement toward the communication partner or use of the AAC. Conclusions Clinicians can consider measuring engagement when evaluating AAC technology options for children with multiple disabilities and should consider evaluating high-tech VSDs as 1 technology option for them. Future research must explore the extent to which differences in engagement to particular AAC technologies result in differences in communication and language learning over time as might be expected.

Understanding Limited Use of Amplification in Infants and Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. McCreery ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker ◽  
Meredith Spratford
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Infants And Children

The effectiveness of amplification for infants and children can be mediated by how much the child uses the device. Existing research suggests that establishing hearing aid use can be challenging. A wide range of factors can influence hearing aid use in children, including the child's age, degree of hearing loss, and socioeconomic status. Audiological interventions, including using validated prescriptive approaches and verification, performing on-going training and orientation, and communicating with caregivers about hearing aid use can also increase hearing aid use by infants and children. Case examples are used to highlight the factors that influence hearing aid use. Potential management strategies and future research needs are also discussed.

The Attenuation of Very Low Frequency Brain Oscillations in Transitions from a Rest State to Active Attention

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzannah K. Helps ◽  
Samantha J. Broyd ◽  
Christopher J. James ◽  
Anke Karl ◽  
Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interference Hypothesis ◽  
Mode Interference

Background: The default mode interference hypothesis ( Sonuga-Barke & Castellanos, 2007 ) predicts (1) the attenuation of very low frequency oscillations (VLFO; e.g., .05 Hz) in brain activity within the default mode network during the transition from rest to task, and (2) that failures to attenuate in this way will lead to an increased likelihood of periodic attention lapses that are synchronized to the VLFO pattern. Here, we tested these predictions using DC-EEG recordings within and outside of a previously identified network of electrode locations hypothesized to reflect DMN activity (i.e., S3 network; Helps et al., 2008 ). Method: 24 young adults (mean age 22.3 years; 8 male), sampled to include a wide range of ADHD symptoms, took part in a study of rest to task transitions. Two conditions were compared: 5 min of rest (eyes open) and a 10-min simple 2-choice RT task with a relatively high sampling rate (ISI 1 s). DC-EEG was recorded during both conditions, and the low-frequency spectrum was decomposed and measures of the power within specific bands extracted. Results: Shift from rest to task led to an attenuation of VLFO activity within the S3 network which was inversely associated with ADHD symptoms. RT during task also showed a VLFO signature. During task there was a small but significant degree of synchronization between EEG and RT in the VLFO band. Attenuators showed a lower degree of synchrony than nonattenuators. Discussion: The results provide some initial EEG-based support for the default mode interference hypothesis and suggest that failure to attenuate VLFO in the S3 network is associated with higher synchrony between low-frequency brain activity and RT fluctuations during a simple RT task. Although significant, the effects were small and future research should employ tasks with a higher sampling rate to increase the possibility of extracting robust and stable signals.

Discovery of Antibacterial Agents Inhibiting the Energy-Coupling Factor (ECF) Transporters by Structure-Based Virtual Screening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Diamanti ◽  
Inda Setyawati ◽  
Spyridon Bousis ◽  
leticia mojas ◽  
lotteke Swier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Energy Coupling ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Screening Design ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vitamin Uptake

Here, we report on the virtual screening, design, synthesis and structure–activity relationships (SARs) of the first class of selective, antibacterial agents against the energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporters. The ECF transporters are a family of transmembrane proteins involved in the uptake of vitamins in a wide range of bacteria. Inhibition of the activity of these proteins could reduce the viability of pathogens that depend on vitamin uptake. Because of their central role in the metabolism of bacteria and their absence in humans, ECF transporters are novel potential antimicrobial targets to tackle infection. The hit compound’s metabolic and plasma stability, the potency (20, MIC Streptococcus pneumoniae = 2 µg/mL), the absence of cytotoxicity and a lack of resistance development under the conditions tested here suggest that this scaffold may represent a promising starting point for the development of novel antimicrobial agents with an unprecedented mechanism of action.<br>

What do patients want? A qualitative exploration of patients’ needs and expectations regarding online access to their primary care record

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp20X711245
Author(s):  
Gail Davidge ◽  
Caroline Sanders ◽  
Rebecca Hays ◽  
Rebecca Morris ◽  
Helen Atherton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Primary Care Record ◽  
Online Access ◽  
Qualitative Exploration ◽  
Nhs Health Check ◽  
Patients Wishes

BackgroundPrimary care records have traditionally served the needs and demands of clinicians rather than those of the patient. GP contracts in England state practices must promote and offer registered patients online access to their primary care record and research has shown benefits to both patients and clinicians of doing so. Despite this, we know little about patients’ needs and expectations regarding online access.AimTo explore patients’ views about accessing online primary care records and to find out how patients would like to interact with their records and what support they may need.MethodInterviews and focus groups with a sample of 50 patients from a variety of socio-demographic backgrounds who were either; eligible for the NHS Health Check; had multimorbidities or were carers. Thematic analysis of data identified major themes impacting upon patients’ wishes and needs as well as highlighting population-specific issues.ResultsParticipants highlighted a wide range of views about the benefits and drawbacks of accessing their records online. The majority of participants indicated that they would be more likely to access their online primary care record if improvements were made to the design, reliability and functionality of existing online record services. Carers found accessing online records particularly useful.ConclusionConsultation with patients and carers about their experiences of accessing online records; support needs and preferred functions can provide useful insights to inform the future design of online record services.

COVID-19 Outbreak Prediction with Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Faizollahzadeh Ardabili ◽  
Amir Mosavi ◽  
Pedram Ghamisi ◽  
Filip Ferdinand ◽  
Annamaria R. Varkonyi-Koczy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
High Level

Several outbreak prediction models for COVID-19 are being used by officials around the world to make informed-decisions and enforce relevant control measures. Among the standard models for COVID-19 global pandemic prediction, simple epidemiological and statistical models have received more attention by authorities, and they are popular in the media. Due to a high level of uncertainty and lack of essential data, standard models have shown low accuracy for long-term prediction. Although the literature includes several attempts to address this issue, the essential generalization and robustness abilities of existing models needs to be improved. This paper presents a comparative analysis of machine learning and soft computing models to predict the COVID-19 outbreak as an alternative to SIR and SEIR models. Among a wide range of machine learning models investigated, two models showed promising results (i.e., multi-layered perceptron, MLP, and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system, ANFIS). Based on the results reported here, and due to the highly complex nature of the COVID-19 outbreak and variation in its behavior from nation-to-nation, this study suggests machine learning as an effective tool to model the outbreak. This paper provides an initial benchmarking to demonstrate the potential of machine learning for future research. Paper further suggests that real novelty in outbreak prediction can be realized through integrating machine learning and SEIR models.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document