Development of an Accurate Analysis Method for Predicting Axle Hypoid Gear System Deflection

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinglong Ma ◽  
Hai Xu
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
New Method ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Contact Pattern ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Gear Design ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Trade Offs

Axle hypoid gear design needs axle system deformation data at mesh point under load to evaluate the contact pattern, contact pressure and bending stress of the gear pair. The system deformation data or gear deflection (GD), can be obtained through a standard test procedure defined several decades ago. The testing method has not been improved for data acquisition efficiency and reliability since then. Fundamentally it contains trade-offs that make contact pattern correlation difficult. It also cannot meet urgent axle development timing pressures and cost reduction requirements. Analysis methods have been developed in recent years to replace the testing method of GD calculation. However, published modeling methods have their own limitations, and still do not correlate well loaded contact pattern between testing and analysis. In this paper, existing approaches of GD calculation are first reviewed and compared. Then the development of a new method is outlined, which combines a general finite element software and a special gear bearing contact analysis tool in one process. The validation of the method is illustrated by comparing axle loaded contact pattern. Finally, two case studies are demonstrated. The first one shows the capability of the new method to investigate the compliance contribution of main axle components. The second one shows that during one gear rotation, GD experiences a significant variation which needs to be considered during gear design.

scholarly journals GISwaps

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
Goran Milutinovic ◽  
Ulla Ahonen-Jonnarth ◽  
Stefan Seipel
Keyword(s):  
Choice Models ◽  
New Method ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Value Functions ◽  
Aggregation Method ◽  
Decision Space ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Continuous Choice ◽  
Trade Offs

This article describes how continuous GIS-MCDM problems are commonly managed by combining some weighting method based on pairwise comparisons of criteria with an aggregation method. The reliability of this approach may be questioned, though. First, assigning weights to criteria, without taking into consideration the actual consequences or values of the alternatives, is in itself controversial. Second, the value functions obtained by this approach are in most cases linear, which is seldom the case in reality. The authors present a new method for GIS-MCDM in continuous choice models based on Even Swaps. The method is intuitive and easy to use, based on value trade-offs, and thus not relying on criteria weighting. Value functions obtained when using the method may be linear or non-linear, and thereby are more sensitive to the characteristics of the decision space. The performed case study showed promising results regarding the reliability of the method in GIS-MCDM context.

Use of hygrothermal modeling to validate the application of an open-cell spray-foam insulation application to a high-rise heritage building in Winnipeg, Manitoba

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1021-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Wells ◽  
Robert Spewak
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Data ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Interior Face

The increasing cost of new building construction has made repurposing existing building stock economically more viable compared with a green site new build. In addition to capital cost benefits, increasing urban densification through repurposing existing buildings is one of the solutions for enhancing the urban environment. This paper summarizes the investigative work completed to substantially improve the energy efficiency of a heritage 10 storey building in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The investigative work for the remediation involved hygrothermal modeling to rationalize the introduction of thermal insulation to the interior face of the exterior walls. Based on the modelling, an open-cell spray foam was applied to the interior face of the masonry walls. Temperature, moisture, and relative humidity sensors were placed in various locations throughout the building to monitor the exterior walls, primarily to identify if deleterious levels of moisture were accumulating in the masonry. The results were also used to compare the in-situ performance of the building with the predicted performance from the hygrothermal models. The investigation confirmed that obtaining accurate in-situ moisture readings in masonry products is significantly impacted by initial internal moisture levels, necessitating pre-test calibration. Regardless, moisture sensor data accumulated to date indicate that after six years of monitoring, deleterious levels of moisture in the masonry and plaster are not occurring in the exterior walls, which is in good agreement with hygrothermal model results for open-cell foam. The results of this investigation confirm that the implementation of hygrothermal modeling is an effective and accurate analysis tool in the long-term durability assessment of building envelopes for heritage buildings.

Multi-objective optimization of the manufacture of face-milled hypoid gears on numerical controlled machine tool

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440542097803
Author(s):  
Vilmos V Simon
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Contact Stresses ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
New Method ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Tooth Contact ◽  
Hypoid Gears ◽  
Gear Manufacture

A new method is presented for advanced manufacture of hypoid gears on numerical controlled machine tool. The tool geometry and machine tool settings are determined to introduce the optimal tooth modifications into the teeth of hypoid gears. The goal is to reduce the maximum tooth contact stresses, angular displacement error of the driven gear, and energy losses in the oil film existing between tooth surfaces. The calculation is based on the optimal variation of machine tool settings on the classical machine tool for hypoid gear manufacture. The novelty of the method is that during the machining process of teeth surfaces, the variation of machine tool settings on the cradle-type hypoid generator is conducted by polynomial functions of fifth-order. By an algorithm, this variation of machine tool settings is transferred to the numerical controlled machine tool for hypoid gear manufacture (hypoid generator). The obtained results have shown that by applying the optimal manufacture process, considerable reductions in tooth contact stresses and angular displacement errors of the driven gear, and a moderate reduction in energy losses were obtained. Therefore, by applying this new method in practice, advanced manufacture of hypoid gears on CNC hypoid generator is made possible, resulting improved operating characteristics of the hypoid gear pair.

506 Tooth Contact Pattern of Angular Hypoid Gear

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000.37 (0) ◽  
pp. 171-172
Author(s):  
Yoshio TODA ◽  
Norio ITO ◽  
Akihiro KIRI
Keyword(s):  
Contact Pattern ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Tooth Contact

Fatigue Failure Behaviour Study of Automotive Lower Suspension Arm

2011 ◽  
Vol 462-463 ◽  
pp. 796-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawar A. Kadhim ◽  
Shahrum Abdullah ◽  
Ahmad Kamal Ariffin ◽  
S.M. Beden
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Life Model ◽  
Experimental Process ◽  
Behaviour Study

Fatigue life of automotive lower suspension arm has been studied under variable amplitude loadings. In simulation, the geometry of a sedan car lower suspension arm has been used. To obtain the material monotonic properties, tensile test has been carried out and to specify the material mechanical properties of the used material, a fatigue test under constant amplitude loading has been carried out using the ASTM standard specimens. Then, the results used in the finite element software to predict fatigue life has been evaluated later to show the accuracy and efficiency of the numerical models which they are appreciated. The finite element analysis tool is therefore proved to be a good alternative prior to the further experimental process. The predicted fatigue life from the simulation showed that Smith-Watson-Topper model provides longer life than Morrow and Coffin-Manson models. This is due to the different consideration for each strain-life model during life calculations.

Numerical Investigation of Dry and Lubricated Sheet Metal Forming Processes

2015 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 1029-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Merklein ◽  
Emanuela Affronti ◽  
Jennifer Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Discrete Control ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Dry Forming ◽  
Sustainable Usage

The current global development towards efficient and sustainable usage of resources as well as a stronger environmental awareness motivates lubrication abandonment in metal forming. Dry forming processes accomplish besides a green production technology also a shortage in production steps and time. However, the change of the tribological conditions influences the material flow during the forming operations and has therefore to be taken into account for the design of complex sheet metal forming operations. The aim of this study is a comparison of dry and lubricated processes by numerical as well as experimental investigations. To ensure reliable results a test setup is necessary which provides a discrete control of the process parameters. Furthermore, an analysis of the local material flow by an optical strain measurement system during the whole test procedure should be possible. These requirements are well fulfilled by the so called Nakajima test, which is typically used for the characterisation of the formability of sheet metals. The influence of varying friction coefficients on the material behaviour is discussed based on the numerical model built up in the Finite Element Software LS-Dyna. The numerical results show a good conformity with the experimental outcomes by identifying the strain localisation. Based on the gained knowledge of the investigations an increase of process understanding for dry forming operations will be derived.

scholarly journals Synergies or Trade-offs? A New Method to Quantify Synergy Between Different Dimensions of Sustainability

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyrki Luukkanen ◽  
Jarmo Vehmas ◽  
Juha Panula-Ontto ◽  
Francesca Allievi ◽  
Jari Kaivo-oja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Different Dimensions

scholarly journals Generic Low-Latency Masking in Hardware

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Hannes Gross ◽  
Rinat Iusupov ◽  
Roderick Bloem
Keyword(s):  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Clock Cycle ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Shared Variables ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Protection Order

In this work, we introduce a generalized concept for low-latency masking that is applicable to any implementation and protection order, and (in its most extreme form) does not require on-the-fly randomness. The main idea of our approach is to avoid collisions of shared variables in nonlinear circuit parts and to skip the share compression. We show the feasibility of our approach on a full implementation of a one-round unrolled Ascon variant and on an AES S-box case study. Additionally, we discuss possible trade-offs to make our approach interesting for practical implementations. As a result, we obtain a first-order masked AES S-box that is calculated in a single clock cycle with rather high implementation costs (60.7 kGE), and a two-cycle variant with much less implementation costs (6.7 kGE). The side-channel resistance of our Ascon S-box designs up to order three are then verified using the formal analysis tool of [BGI+18]. Furthermore, we introduce a taint checking based verification approach that works specifically for our low-latency approach and allows us to verify large circuits like our low-latency AES S-box design in reasonable time.

scholarly journals Study on Microscopic Roadbed Grouting Mechanism Based on CFD-DEM Coupling Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changwei Yang ◽  
Jinhao Guo ◽  
Jing Lian ◽  
Zhimeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
New Method ◽  
Discrete Elements ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Grouting Pressure ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Intercity Railway ◽  
Coupling Principle ◽  
Grouting Reinforcement ◽  
Coupling Algorithm

Grouting reinforcement technology gradually has been widely used to repair the subgrade settlement diseases, but the current single application of discrete element software or finite element software cannot effectively simulate the grouting process. Therefore, one new method is put forward in the research of grouting based on the CFD-DEM coupling principle. And then, one typical subgrade section in the Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway is used to simulate the grouting process and diffusion mechanism of slurry from microlevel. Based on the results of site survey, some findings are shown as follows: First, the new method is feasible which integrates the favorable aspects of discrete elements, finite elements, and boundary elements. Second, the greater the grouting pressure, the greater the influence range of grouting, and it shows six petals shape. When the grouting pressure is small, the grouting generally shows penetration or extrusion grouting, and its influence range is small. When the grouting pressure is large enough, it is characterized by splitting grouting, and the influence range of grouting is getting larger and larger. Third, the growth rates of influence range gradually increase with the increasement of grouting pressures, and the reasonable selection of grouting pressures is very important.

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