scholarly journals Synergies or Trade-offs? A New Method to Quantify Synergy Between Different Dimensions of Sustainability

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyrki Luukkanen ◽  
Jarmo Vehmas ◽  
Juha Panula-Ontto ◽  
Francesca Allievi ◽  
Jari Kaivo-oja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Different Dimensions

scholarly journals Integration of various dimensions in food-based dietary guidelines via mathematical approaches Report of a DGE/FENS Workshop in Bonn, Germany, 23-24 September 2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Anne Carolin Schäfer ◽  
Annemarie Schmidt ◽  
Angela Bechthold ◽  
Heiner Boeing ◽  
Bernhard Watzl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Simultaneous Integration ◽  
Joint Workshop ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Diverse Data ◽  
Mathematical Optimisation

Abstract In the past, food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) were derived nearly exclusively by using systematic reviews on diet-health-relationships and translating dietary reference values for nutrient intake into foods. This approach neglects many other implications that dietary recommendations have on society, the economy and environment. In view of pressing challenges, such as climate change and the rising burden of diet-related diseases, the simultaneous integration of evidence-based findings from different dimensions into FBDGs is required. Consequently, mathematical methods and data processing are evolving as powerful tools in nutritional sciences. The possibilities and reasons for the derivation of FBDGs via mathematical approaches were the subject of a joint workshop hosted by the German Nutrition Society (DGE) and the Federation of European Nutrition Societies (FENS) in September 2019 in Bonn, Germany. European scientists were invited to discuss and exchange on the topics of mathematical optimisation for the development of FBDGs and different approaches to integrate various dimensions into FBDGs. We concluded that mathematical optimisation is a suitable tool to formulate FBDGs finding trade-offs between conflicting goals and taking several dimensions into account. We identified a lack of evidence for the extent to which constraints and weights for different dimensions are set and the challenge to compile diverse data that suit the demands of optimisation models. We also found that individualisation via mathematical optimisation is one perspective of FBDGs to increase consumer acceptance, but the application of mathematical optimisation for population-based and individual FBDGs requires more experience and evaluation for further improvements.

scholarly journals GISwaps

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
Goran Milutinovic ◽  
Ulla Ahonen-Jonnarth ◽  
Stefan Seipel
Keyword(s):  
Choice Models ◽  
New Method ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Value Functions ◽  
Aggregation Method ◽  
Decision Space ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Continuous Choice ◽  
Trade Offs

This article describes how continuous GIS-MCDM problems are commonly managed by combining some weighting method based on pairwise comparisons of criteria with an aggregation method. The reliability of this approach may be questioned, though. First, assigning weights to criteria, without taking into consideration the actual consequences or values of the alternatives, is in itself controversial. Second, the value functions obtained by this approach are in most cases linear, which is seldom the case in reality. The authors present a new method for GIS-MCDM in continuous choice models based on Even Swaps. The method is intuitive and easy to use, based on value trade-offs, and thus not relying on criteria weighting. Value functions obtained when using the method may be linear or non-linear, and thereby are more sensitive to the characteristics of the decision space. The performed case study showed promising results regarding the reliability of the method in GIS-MCDM context.

scholarly journals Exploring the Dimensionality of Ethnic Minority Adaptation in Britain: An Analysis across Ethnic and Generational Lines

Sociology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 626-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Lessard-Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Different Dimensions

In this article I explore the dimensionality of the long-term experiences of the main ethnic minority groups (their adaptation) in Britain. Using recent British data, I apply factor analysis to uncover the underlying number of factors behind variables deemed to be representative of the adaptation experience within the literature. I then attempt to assess the groupings of adaptation present in the data, to see whether a typology of adaptation exists (i.e. whether adaptation in different dimensions can be concomitant with others). The analyses provide an empirical evidence base to reflect on: (1) the extent of group differences in the adaptation process, which may cut across ethnic and generational lines; and (2) whether the uncovered dimensions of adaptation match existing theoretical views and empirical evidence. Results suggest that adaptation should be regarded as a multi-dimensional phenomenon where clear typologies of adaptation based on specific trade-offs (mostly cultural) appear to exist.

scholarly journals Managing quality of cost information in clinical costing: evidence across seven countries

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Chapman ◽  
Anja Kern ◽  
Aziza Laguecir ◽  
Gerardine Doyle ◽  
Nathalie Angelé-Halgand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regulatory Guidance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose is to assess the impact of clinical costing approaches on the quality of cost information in seven countries (Denmark, England, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands and Portugal).Design/methodology/approachCosting practices in seven countries were analysed via questionnaires, interviews and relevant published material.FindingsAlthough clinical costing is intended to support a similar range of purposes, countries display considerable diversity in their approaches to costing in terms of the level of detail contained in regulatory guidance and the percentage of providers subject to such guidance for tariff setting. Guidance in all countries involves a mix of costing methods.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors propose a two-dimensional Materiality and Quality Score (2D MAQS) of costing systems that can support the complex trade-offs in managing the quality of cost information at both policy and provider level, and between financial and clinical concerns.Originality/valueThe authors explore the trade-offs between different dimensions of the quality (accuracy, decision relevance and standardization) and the cost of collecting and analysing cost information for disparate purposes.

Development of an Accurate Analysis Method for Predicting Axle Hypoid Gear System Deflection

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinglong Ma ◽  
Hai Xu
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
New Method ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Contact Pattern ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Gear Design ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Trade Offs

Axle hypoid gear design needs axle system deformation data at mesh point under load to evaluate the contact pattern, contact pressure and bending stress of the gear pair. The system deformation data or gear deflection (GD), can be obtained through a standard test procedure defined several decades ago. The testing method has not been improved for data acquisition efficiency and reliability since then. Fundamentally it contains trade-offs that make contact pattern correlation difficult. It also cannot meet urgent axle development timing pressures and cost reduction requirements. Analysis methods have been developed in recent years to replace the testing method of GD calculation. However, published modeling methods have their own limitations, and still do not correlate well loaded contact pattern between testing and analysis. In this paper, existing approaches of GD calculation are first reviewed and compared. Then the development of a new method is outlined, which combines a general finite element software and a special gear bearing contact analysis tool in one process. The validation of the method is illustrated by comparing axle loaded contact pattern. Finally, two case studies are demonstrated. The first one shows the capability of the new method to investigate the compliance contribution of main axle components. The second one shows that during one gear rotation, GD experiences a significant variation which needs to be considered during gear design.

Building enclave-native storage engines for practical encrypted databases

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1032
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Sun ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Huorong Li ◽  
Feifei Li
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Memory Buffer ◽  
Unexplored Area ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Encrypted Database ◽  
High Level ◽  
Trusted Execution Environment

Data confidentiality is one of the biggest concerns that hinders enterprise customers from moving their workloads to the cloud. Thanks to the trusted execution environment (TEE), it is now feasible to build encrypted databases in the enclave that can process customers' data while keeping it confidential to the cloud. Though some enclave-based encrypted databases emerge recently, there remains a large unexplored area in between about how confidentiality can be achieved in different ways and what influences are implied by them. In this paper, we first provide a broad exploration of possible design choices in building encrypted database storage engines, rendering trade-offs in security, performance and functionality. We observe that choices on different dimensions can be independent and their combination determines the overall trade-off of the entire storage. We then propose Enclage , an encrypted storage engine that makes practical trade-offs. It adopts many enclave-native designs, such as page-level encryption, reduced enclave interaction, and hierarchical memory buffer, which offer high-level security guarantee and high performance at the same time. To make better use of the limited enclave memory, we derive the optimal page size in enclave and adopt delta decryption to access large data pages with low cost. Our experiments show that Enclage outperforms the baseline, a common storage design in many encrypted databases, by over 13x in throughput and about 5x in storage savings.

scholarly journals Worst-case hardness suffices for derandomization: a new method for hardness-randomness trade-offs

1999 ◽  
Vol 221 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Andreev ◽  
Andrea E.F. Clementi ◽  
JoséD.P. Rolim
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Trade Offs

A NEW METHOD TO CALCULATE THE INCONCLUSIVE COEFFICIENTS IN THE QUANTUM STATE DISCRIMINATION

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
TATIANE EVANGELISTA ◽  
CARLILE LAVOR ◽  
WILSON R. M. RABELO
Keyword(s):  
Quantum System ◽  
Quantum State ◽  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
The State ◽  
New Method ◽  
Quantum State Discrimination ◽  
State Discrimination ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Roots Of A Polynomial

The problem of determining the state of a quantum system is a central task in any quantum information processing. However, there are limitations imposed by quantum mechanics on the possibilities to determine the state of a quantum system. For example, nonorthogonal states cannot be discriminated perfectly. In this paper, we propose a new method to calculate the inconclusive coefficients based on the solution of a quadratic system, replacing the determination of the roots of a polynomial of degree 8, used in an algorithm to quantum state discrimination previously defined in the literature. The new method simplifies the calculation of the inconclusive coefficients and can be extended very easily to any dimension. The method was written in Matlab and successfully applied to problems with different dimensions.

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