Review, Categorization and Comparison of 1 DOF Static Balancers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asthor T. Steinthorsson ◽  
Milton E. Aguirre ◽  
Gerard Dunning ◽  
Just L. Herder
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
System Size ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Static Balancer

A static balancer is a mechanism used to force compensate mechanical systems and has been used in applications such as improving haptic feedback in surgical instruments and lowering motor loads in robotic systems. Currently no complete overview exists of all SB methods, this paper can be seen as an extension to earlier work by introducing more static balancing categories and methods. The goal is to have a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art to aid designers in selecting the appropriate static balancer technology for mechanical systems. Existing designs are categorized based on the energy storage mechanism, e.g. elastic energy storage mechanisms. Critical design parameters are extracted from published literature to form the basis of comparison of the different categories. A performance criterium is defined to illustrate balancing capabilities as a function of system size. The three comparison parameters are: CompensatedForceVolume,SBStrokeVolume,EnergyVolume The comparison results show that compliant flexure balancers are the best selection for balancing systems while keeping minimal size. Theoretical calculations show that there is still ample room to improve current balancers with regard to the chosen balancer criteria.

scholarly journals Gravitricity based on solar and gravity energy storage for residential applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwole K. Bowoto ◽  
Omonigho P. Emenuvwe ◽  
Meysam N. Azadani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Priority List

AbstractThis study proposes a design model for conserving and utilizing energy affordably and intermittently considering the wind rush experienced in the patronage of renewable energy sources for cheaper generation of electricity and the solar energy potential especially in continents of Africa and Asia. Essentially, the global quest for sustainable development across every sector is on the rise; hence, the need for a sustainable method of extracting energy cheaply with less wastage and pollution is on the priority list. This research, integrates and formulates different ideologies, factors and variables that have been adopted in previous research studies to create an efficient system. Some of the aforementioned researches includes pumped hydro gravity storage system, Compressed air gravity storage system, suspended weight in abandoned mine shaft, dynamic modelling of gravity energy storage coupled with a PV energy plant and deep ocean gravity energy storage. As an alternative and a modification to these systems, this research is proposing a Combined solar and gravity energy storage system. The design synthesis and computational modelling of the proposed system model were investigated using a constant height and but varying mass. Efficiencies reaching up to 62% was achieved using the chosen design experimental parameters adopted in this work. However, this efficiency can be tremendously improved upon if the design parameters are modified putting certain key factors which are highlighted in the limitation aspect of this research into consideration. Also, it was observed that for a test load of 50 × 103 mA running for 10 h (3600 s), the proposed system will only need to provide a torque of 3.27Nm and a height range of 66.1 × 104 m when a mass of 10 kg is lifted to give out power of 48 kwh. Since gravity storage requires intermittent actions and structured motions, mathematical models were used to analyse the system performance characteristics amongst other important parameters using tools like MATLAB Simscape modelling toolbox, Microsoft excel and Sysml Model software.

scholarly journals Surgical Audio Guidance: Feasibility Check for Robotic Surgery Procedures

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-574
Author(s):  
Anna Schaufler ◽  
Alfredo Illanes ◽  
Ivan Maldonado ◽  
Axel Boese ◽  
Roland Croner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Robotic Surgery ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Haptic Interactions ◽  
Visual Clues ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Expected Signal

AbstractIn robot-assisted procedures, the surgeon controls the surgical instruments from a remote console, while visually monitoring the procedure through the endoscope. There is no haptic feedback available to the surgeon, which impedes the assessment of diseased tissue and the detection of hidden structures beneath the tissue, such as vessels. Only visual clues are available to the surgeon to control the force applied to the tissue by the instruments, which poses a risk for iatrogenic injuries. Additional information on haptic interactions of the employed instruments and the treated tissue that is provided to the surgeon during robotic surgery could compensate for this deficit. Acoustic emissions (AE) from the instrument/tissue interactions, transmitted by the instrument are a potential source of this information. AE can be recorded by audio sensors that do not have to be integrated into the instruments, but that can be modularly attached to the outside of the instruments shaft or enclosure. The location of the sensor on a robotic system is essential for the applicability of the concept in real situations. While the signal strength of the acoustic emissions decreases with distance from the point of interaction, an installation close to the patient would require sterilization measures. The aim of this work is to investigate whether it is feasible to install the audio sensor in non-sterile areas far away from the patient and still be able to receive useful AE signals. To determine whether signals can be recorded at different potential mounting locations, instrument/tissue interactions with different textures were simulated in an experimental setup. The results showed that meaningful and valuable AE can be recorded in the non-sterile area of a robotic surgical system despite the expected signal losses.

scholarly journals Design Considerations for Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES): A Review with Emphasis on Convective Heat Transfer

Geofluids ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Skarphagen ◽  
David Banks ◽  
Bjørn S. Frengstad ◽  
Harald Gether
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Thermal Recovery ◽  
Conductive Heat ◽  
Geological Environment

Borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) exploits the high volumetric heat capacity of rock-forming minerals and pore water to store large quantities of heat (or cold) on a seasonal basis in the geological environment. The BTES is a volume of rock or sediment accessed via an array of borehole heat exchangers (BHE). Even well-designed BTES arrays will lose a significant quantity of heat to the adjacent and subjacent rocks/sediments and to the surface; both theoretical calculations and empirical observations suggest that seasonal thermal recovery factors in excess of 50% are difficult to obtain. Storage efficiency may be dramatically reduced in cases where (i) natural groundwater advection through the BTES removes stored heat, (ii) extensive free convection cells (thermosiphons) are allowed to form, and (iii) poor BTES design results in a high surface area/volume ratio of the array shape, allowing high conductive heat losses. The most efficient array shape will typically be a cylinder with similar dimensions of diameter and depth, preferably with an insulated top surface. Despite the potential for moderate thermal recovery, the sheer volume of thermal storage that the natural geological environment offers can still make BTES a very attractive strategy for seasonal thermal energy storage within a “smart” district heat network, especially when coupled with more efficient surficial engineered dynamic thermal energy stores (DTES).

scholarly journals Dynamic Operation Management of a Renewable Microgrid including Battery Energy Storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaozhen Jin ◽  
Zhizhong Mao ◽  
Hongru Li ◽  
Wenhai Qi
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Optimal Control Strategy ◽  
Programming Technique ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Battery Energy

In this paper, a novel dynamic programming technique is presented for optimal operation of a typical renewable microgrid including battery energy storage. The main idea is to use the scenarios analysis technique to proceed the uncertainties related to the available output power of wind and photovoltaic units and dynamic programming technique to obtain the optimal control strategy for a renewable microgrid system in a finite time period. First, to properly model the system, a mathematical model including power losses of the renewable microgrid is established, where the uncertainties due to the fluctuating generation from renewable energy sources are considered. Next, considering the dynamic power constraints of the battery, a new performance index function is established, where the Lagrange multipliers and interior point method will be presented for the equality and inequality operation constraints. Then, a feedback control scheme based on the dynamic programming is proposed to solve the model and obtain the optimal solution. Finally, simulation and comparison results are given to illustrate the performance of the presented method.

scholarly journals Tuning the Properties of PNIPAm-Based Hydrogel Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3154
Author(s):  
Md Mohosin Rana ◽  
Hector De la Hoz Siegler
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffolds ◽  
Design Variables

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) is a three-dimensional (3D) crosslinked polymer that can interact with human cells and play an important role in the development of tissue morphogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. PNIPAm-based scaffolds possess many desirable structural and physical properties required for tissue regeneration, but insufficient mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and biomimicry for tissue development remain obstacles for their application in tissue engineering. The structural integrity and physical properties of the hydrogels depend on the crosslinks formed between polymer chains during synthesis. A variety of design variables including crosslinker content, the combination of natural and synthetic polymers, and solvent type have been explored over the past decade to develop PNIPAm-based scaffolds with optimized properties suitable for tissue engineering applications. These design parameters have been implemented to provide hydrogel scaffolds with dynamic and spatially patterned cues that mimic the biological environment and guide the required cellular functions for cartilage tissue regeneration. The current advances on tuning the properties of PNIPAm-based scaffolds were searched for on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the scaffolding properties of PNIPAm-based hydrogels and the effects of synthesis-solvent and crosslinking density on tuning these properties. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of considering these two design variables for developing PNIPAm-based scaffolds are outlined.

scholarly journals Design of Combined Stationary and Mobile Battery Energy Storage Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Hayajneh ◽  
Xuewei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Battery Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy

To minimize the curtailment of renewable generation and incentivize grid-scale energy storage deployment, a concept of combining stationary and mobile applications of battery energy storage systems built within renewable energy farms is proposed. A simulation-based optimization model is developed to obtain the optimal design parameters such as battery capacity and power ratings by solving a multi-objective optimization problem that aims to maximize the economic profitability, the energy provided for transportation electrification, the demand peak shaving, and the renewable energy utilized. Two applications considered for the stationary energy storage systems are the end-consumer arbitrage and frequency regulation, while the mobile application envisions a scenario of a grid-independent battery-powered electric vehicle charging station network. The charging stations receive supplies from the energy storage system that absorbs renewable energy, contributing to a sustained DC demand that helps with revenues. Representative results are presented for two operation modes and different sets of weights assigned to the objectives. Substantial improvement in the profitability of combined applications over single stationary applications is shown. Pareto frontier of a reduced dimensional problem is obtained to show the trade-off between design objectives. This work could pave the road for future implementations of the new form of energy storage systems.<br>

scholarly journals A Flywheel Energy Storage and Conversion System for Solar Photovoltaic Applications

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Millner
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Energy Storage And Conversion ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Structural Topology ◽  
Flywheel Energy Storage ◽  
Conversion System ◽  
Control Electronics ◽  
And Control

A low-drag, low-power magnetic bearing and a permanent magnet brushless d-c motor-generator have been developed for a satellite flywheel. These will be combined with a terrestrial flywheel and control electronics to make up a flywheel energy storage and conversion system for use in a stand-alone solar photovoltaic residence. Technical and economic performance analyses indicate that, contrary to general thought, a flywheel system will be competitive if not superior to more conventional systems utilizing either present-day or advanced batteries. This derives from the ability of the flywheel to perform the functions of d-c to a-c inversion and optimal impedance matching between the PV arrays and the load in addition to providing energy storage. The motor-generator design will also be discussed. This paper describes the structural topology, performance data, design parameters, and test measurements of the magnetic bearing and motor-generator as well as a description of the flywheel and control electronics to be used. A preliminary discussion of the economic aspects is also included.

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC/BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE HYBRID SYSTEM: AN HOURLY ESTIMATION BASED APPROACH AND A REAL LIFE CASE STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fehmi Görkem Üçtuğ ◽  
Vedat Can Baltalı
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
System Size ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
Battery Energy

This study has been undertaken to develop a consumer-oriented feasibility method for a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-battery energy storage (BES) system by analyzing a real life house in Istanbul, Turkey, as a case study. The hourly electricity demand of the house was estimated by carrying out a detailed survey of the life style and daily habits of the household. No algorithm of any kind was used for the estimation of the energy demand with the exception of relating the lighting requirement to the daylight hours and the heating and cooling requirements to the seasonal weather changes. The developed method estimates the annual demand with an overall error of 8.68%. The net grid dependency and the feasibility of the PV-BES system was calculated for different combinations of PV and BES system sizes. It was found that when the maximum available roof area is used for PV installation and when the BES system size is increased, it is possible to achieve almost zero net grid dependency, and it is estimated that houses that are in regions with more abundant solar radiation and/or with lower annual electricity consumption, can reach zero net grid dependency. However, the feasibility indicator, which is the payback period, turned out to be no less than 25 years in any of the scenarios. The reasons for the infeasibility are the high prices of PV and BES systems as well as the current restriction in the regulations in Turkey, which prevents BES system owners from participating in unlicensed energy generation schemes and selling excess electricity back to the grid. In order to overcome this situation, regulations should be updated to allow BES system owners to benefit from feed-in-tariff schemes, thereby increasing the popularity of both PV and BES usage in Turkey.

3D printing of cellular materials for advanced electrochemical energy storage and conversion

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 7416-7432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaocong Tian ◽  
Kun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Cellular Materials ◽  
Electrochemical Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Storage And Conversion ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Electrochemical Energy

This article provides a comprehensive overview of 3D-printed cellular materials for advanced electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications.

scholarly journals Parametric Optimisation of a Trigenerative Small Scale Compressed Air Energy Storage System

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Mohamad Cheayb ◽  
Sébastien Poncet ◽  
Mylène Marin-Gallego ◽  
Mohand Tazerout
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Study Results

Recently, major improvement on compressed air energy storage technology has been made by using the heat of compression for heating energy or using it to preheat the compressed air in the expansion phase and by demonstrating its ability to produce cooling energy. Thus, the trigenerative compressed air energy storage has been introduced. In this paper, we introduce a configuration of trigenerative compressed air energy storage system giving the preference to the electric energy production. The study then focuses on undertaking an optimization study via a parametric analysis considering the mutual effects of parameters. This analysis is applied to a micro-scale application including the existing technological aspects. The parametric study results applied on the hot temperature of the thermal energy storage indicate the possibility to find an optimal solution as a trade-off between system performances and other parameters reflecting its cost. On the contrary, the selection of the maximal storage pressure cannot be achieved by finding a compromise between energy density and system efficiency. A complete study of other design parameters will be addressed in a future publication.

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