Powering Pacemakers With a Nonlinear Hybrid Rotary-Translational Energy Harvester

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kuch ◽  
M. Amin Karami
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Translational Energy ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Energy Harvesting System ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Nonlinear Hybrid

An application of a nonlinear Hybrid Rotary-Translational (HRT) generator is presented. An HRT generator differs from traditional energy harvesting devices in that it has the ability to harvest multi-axis base excitation. The device consists of a pendulum-like system whose rotations are caused by the base excitations. The swinging pendulum is coupled to a direct current micro generator to generate electricity. The considered application is the energy harvesting from heartbeat induced vibrations. The motivation behind studying the effectiveness of this application comes from battery hindrance. The use of relatively large batteries to power pacemakers presents many medical problems, including increasing the size of the device to accommodate the battery causing surgery complications as well as needing periodic battery replacement. An energy harvesting device can eliminate the need for such a battery, relying instead on the power generated by the beating heart. The nonlinearity of the device allows constant power to be generated across a wider range of frequencies (heartbeats per minute). The contractions of the heart are considered to be the base excitations of the device, causing the pendulum to swing. To validate and then optimize the design of the HRT system, the behavior and the power generation of the system will be studied under different parameters: size of generator, mass and length of pendulum components as well as frequency of heart beats (beats per minute). This presents an interesting design problem whose goal is to find the best HRT parameters that would result in generating the sufficient amounts of power required by pacemakers. A method in approximating the nonlinear dynamics of the electro-mechanical energy harvesting system is also presented. By studying the analytical solutions to the nonlinear electromechanical system under a sine wave excitation, we can gain insight into the problem. The extent of this paper will only cover the analytical solution to the vertically excited pendulum. Perturbation methods, specifically the multiple scales method will be employed to study the effects of forcing amplitude and frequency on the system behavior and the energy harvesting system.

Energy Harvesting From Impulsive Loads Using Intentional Essential Nonlinearities

2010 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dane Quinn ◽  
Angela L. Triplett ◽  
Alexander F. Vakakis ◽  
Lawrence A. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Harmonic Excitation ◽  
Frequency Interval ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Nonlinear Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvesting System ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

Energy harvesting devices designed with intentional nonlinearities offer the possibility of increased performance under broadband excitations and realistic environmental conditions. This work considers an energy harvesting system based on the response of an attachment with strong nonlinear behavior. The electromechanical coupling is achieved with a piezoelectric element across a resistive load. When the system is subject to harmonic excitation, the harvested power from the nonlinear system exhibits a wider interval of frequencies over which the harvested power is significant, although an equivalent linear device offers greater efficiency at its design frequency. However, for impulsive excitation, the performance of the nonlinear harvesting system exceeds the corresponding linear system in terms of both magnitude of power harvested and the frequency interval over which significant power can be drawn from the mechanical vibrations.

scholarly journals Power Consideration in a Piezoelectric Generator

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rémi Tardiveau ◽  
Frédéric Giraud ◽  
Adrian Amanci ◽  
Francis Dawson ◽  
Christophe Giraud-Audine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Vibration Excitation ◽  
Piezoelectric Generator ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

A piezoelectric generator converts mechanical energy into electricity and is used in energy harvesting devices. In this paper, synchronisation conditions in regard to the excitation vibration are studied. We show that a phase shift of ninety degrees between the vibration excitation and the bender’s displacement provides the maximum power from the mechanical excitation. However, the piezoelectric material is prone to power losses; hence the bender’s displacement amplitude is optimised in order to increase the amount of power which is converted into electricity. In the paper, we use active energy harvesting to control the power flow, and all the results are achieved at a frequency of 200 Hz which is well below the generator’s resonant frequency.

scholarly journals High-efficiency D-TV energy harvesting system for low-input power

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Moura ◽  
Nuno Borges de Carvalho ◽  
Pedro Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Digital Television ◽  
Radio Frequency Energy ◽  
Television Signal ◽  
Voltage Doubler ◽  
Energy Harvesting System

In this work, a high-efficiency radio-frequency energy-harvesting system that takes use of the Portuguese Digital Television signal (750–758 MHz) to obtain DC power is proposed. To be useful, it is optimized to operate at low-power conditions. For the rectifier, three different solutions are presented: a single-series diode, a single-shunt diode, and a voltage-doubler configuration. The efficiency is similar for the three rectifiers – about 54% with a sine-wave excitation and −10.5 dBm of input power. Field measurements with the voltage-doubler have shown 63% efficiency for the same input power.

Microfluidic Synthesis of Polymer Ionic Liquid Gel Beads for Energy Harvesting Applications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik A. Kudtarkar ◽  
Thomas W. Smith ◽  
Patricia Iglesias ◽  
Michael J. Schertzer
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrostatic Energy ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Carrier Fluid ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

In the operation of many common devices and processes, more than 60% of consumed energy is wasted in many common processes. These loses come in many forms including heat, friction, and vibration. Energy harvesters are devices that can recapture some of this waste energy and convert it into electrical energy. This work will focus on electrostatic energy harvesting devices that recapture vibrational energy. Electrostatic energy harvesters recapture mechanical energy when a conductive mass translates or deforms in an electric field. Polymer ionic liquid gel beads may serve as a useful replacement for fluid droplets in electrostatic energy harvesters. This work uses a recently developed method for reliable synthesis of polymer gel beads. These beads are synthesized using a micro-reactor, which generates monomeric droplets in a silicon oil carrier fluid. The monomer solution also contains a photoinitiator and cross linker, which enables the monomer to polymerize when exposed to UV light. The present work demonstrates a method to rapidly synthesize uniform beads with a variety of chemical compositions. These chemical compositions can be used to tune the electromechanical properties of the beads to improve performance in applications such as energy harvesting devices.

scholarly journals Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting in Ocean: A Review on Application and Hybridization

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5600
Author(s):  
Ali Matin Matin Nazar ◽  
King-James Idala Idala Egbe ◽  
Azam Abdollahi ◽  
Mohammad Amin Hariri-Ardebili
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Natural Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Generators ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerators ◽  
High Level ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

With recent advancements in technology, energy storage for gadgets and sensors has become a challenging task. Among several alternatives, the triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) have been recognized as one of the most reliable methods to cure conventional battery innovation’s inadequacies. A TENG transfers mechanical energy from the surrounding environment into power. Natural energy resources can empower TENGs to create a clean and conveyed energy network, which can finally facilitate the development of different remote gadgets. In this review paper, TENGs targeting various environmental energy resources are systematically summarized. First, a brief introduction is given to the ocean waves’ principles, as well as the conventional energy harvesting devices. Next, different TENG systems are discussed in details. Furthermore, hybridization of TENGs with other energy innovations such as solar cells, electromagnetic generators, piezoelectric nanogenerators and magnetic intensity are investigated as an efficient technique to improve their performance. Advantages and disadvantages of different TENG structures are explored. A high level overview is provided on the connection of TENGs with structural health monitoring, artificial intelligence and the path forward.

Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting From Roadways Based on Pavement Compatible Package

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
He Zhang ◽  
Kangxu Huang ◽  
Zhicheng Zhang ◽  
Tao Xiang ◽  
Liwei Quan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Simple Scaling ◽  
Energy Harvesting System ◽  
Combined Parameters

Scavenging mechanical energy from the deformation of roadways using piezoelectric energy transformers has been intensively explored and exhibits a promising potential for engineering applications. We propose here a new packaging method that exploits MC nylon and epoxy resin as the main protective materials for the piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) device. Wheel tracking tests are performed, and an electromechanical model is developed to double evaluate the efficiency of the PEH device. Results indicate that reducing the embedded depth of the piezoelectric chips may enhance the output power of the PEH device. A simple scaling law is established to show that the normalized output power of the energy harvesting system relies on two combined parameters, i.e., the normalized electrical resistive load and normalized embedded depth. It suggests that the output power of the system may be maximized by properly selecting the geometrical, material, and circuit parameters in a combined manner. This strategy might also provide a useful guideline for optimization of piezoelectric energy harvesting system in practical roadway applications.

scholarly journals Vibration energy harvesting: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 1930001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwesa Mohanty ◽  
Suraj Parida ◽  
Rabindra Kumar Behera ◽  
Tarapada Roy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Portable Power ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Energy Harvesting System ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

This study is based on energy harvesting from vibration and deals with the comparison of different techniques. In the present scenario, energy harvesting has drawn the attention of researchers due to a rapid increase in the use of wireless and small-scale devices. So, there is a huge thirst among scientists to develop permanent portable power sources. In the surroundings, a lot of unutilized energy is wasted which can be collected and used for power generation. Research works have been extensively carried out to develop energy harvesting devices catering to the increasing needs of being efficient and economical. Effective energy harvesting mainly depends on the design of the transducer. Different types of design techniques, material properties, and availability of energy harvesters are reviewed in this paper. The paper aims to explore the advantages and limitations of different energy harvesting principles, advances, and findings of the recent past. This study also discusses some of the key ideas for the enhancement of power output. This paper provides a broad view of the energy harvesting system to the learners, which will facilitate them to design more efficient energy harvesting devices by using different principles.

Influence of restricted operating space on the performance of random vibration energy harvesting

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 352-361
Author(s):  
Ming Xu ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Random Vibration ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Kolmogorov Equation ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvesting System ◽  
Operating Space

The ambition to create self-powered microscale electrical devices motivates scientific and industrial communities to investigate the energy harvesting technique, especially working in random vibration circumstances. The mechanical response of the random vibration system may approach infinity with small probability, and then the restricted operating space of the energy harvesting system will unavoidably induce the occurrence of collision interaction. Here, the random mechanical vibration and electrical output of the vibration energy harvesting system including inelastic collision are investigated, in which the random excitation is described by Gaussian white noise, while the collision interactions are described by the transient impact model and inelastic contact model, respectively. Introducing the generalized harmonic transformation of mechanical states and adopting a slow-varying process assumption of amplitude and averaged frequency, the output voltage can be explicitly expressed as the function of displacement, velocity, and system total energy by directly integrating the linear electrical equation. The transient impact interaction is equivalent to an effective damping with energy-dependent damping coefficient, while the inelastic contact interaction is equivalent to an effective damping and an affiliated potential energy. The averaged equations with respect to mechanical energy are then derived through the stochastic averaging technique. The stationary probabilistic density function of mechanical states is established by solving the reduced Fokker–Plank–Kolmogorov equation, and then the statistical quantities of electrical voltage are obtained by the relation between voltage and mechanical states. The effectiveness and precision of the analytical procedure are validated through the results from Monte Carlo simulations, and the influence of collision interaction on the performance of energy harvesting is discussed in detail. Also, for the energy harvesting system excited by colored noise, the influence of collision interaction on the performance is evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations.

Modeling of a Vibration-Based Piezomagnetoelastic Energy Harvesting System by Using the Duffing Equation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Westermann ◽  
Marcus Neubauer ◽  
Jörg Wallaschek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Duffing Oscillator ◽  
Harmonic Balance Method ◽  
Equation Of Motion ◽  
Duffing Equation ◽  
Restoring Force ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever ◽  
Energy Harvesting System ◽  
Tip Mass

This article illustrates the modeling of a piezomagnetoelastic energy harvesting system. The generator consists of a piezoelectric cantilever with a magnetic tip mass. A second oppositely poled magnet is attached near the free end of the beam. Due to the nonlinear magnetic restoring force the system exhibits two symmetric stable equilibrium positions and one instable equilibrium position. The equation of motion is derived and it is shown that the system can be modeled as Duffing oscillator. An analytical approach is given to derive the Duffing parameters from the system parameters. The Duffing equation is solved for an oscillation around both equilibrium positions by using the harmonic balance method. For small orbit oscillations the equation of motion is solved by applying the fourth-order multiple scales method.

scholarly journals High-k dielectric screen-printed inks for mechanical energy harvesting devices

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah S Leese ◽  
Miroslav Tejkl ◽  
Laia Vilar ◽  
Leopold Georgi ◽  
Hin Chun Yau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
High K ◽  
High K Dielectric ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices ◽  
Screen Printed

There are a range of promising applications for devices that can convert mechanical energy from their local environment into useful electrical energy. Here, mechanical energy harvesting devices have been developed...

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