An Experimental Approach to Assess the Disparities in the Usage Trends of Domestic Electric Lighting

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toufic Zaraket ◽  
Bernard Yannou ◽  
Yann Leroy ◽  
Stephanie Minel ◽  
Emilie Chapotot
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Technical Solutions

In a country like France, electricity consumption devoted to domestic lighting represents nearly a fifth of the total energy consumption of a building. The use of electric lighting is influenced by several factors such as the building’s structural characteristics, the activities of its occupants, the lighting equipments, and the level of natural light. Designers do take into account, in their energy models, the influence of occupants on the building’s overall energy consumption. However, these models still have some drawbacks regarding the comprehension of real “occupants’ energy behaviors” which play an important role in the discrepancies between predicted and real energy consumptions. The behavioral factors behind occupants’ usage trends of energy are still not thoroughly explored. Therefore, it is assumed that a better comprehension of these behaviors and consumption mechanisms could lead to the identification of technical solutions and energy saving potentials, thus resulting in a more robust building design. The present paper aims to provide an insight into domestic lighting usages. The main objective is to explore the key factors (socio-demographic, economic, technical and behavioral) responsible for the disparities in lighting consumption between one household and another. For this purpose, an experiment is performed concurrently to the proposal of a lighting usage model. A micro level investigation protocol is elaborated and used to conduct in-depth studies on the usage patterns of electric lighting. The survey is conducted on a sample of 8 French households. The methodology for constructing the experimental protocol, its deployment, as well as the results obtained and their analysis are presented in this paper. The need for further qualitative and quantitative studies to better understand the usage trends of electric lighting is discussed.

scholarly journals The influence of design features of housing facilities on energy consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 11019
Author(s):  
Sergei Kolodyazhniy ◽  
Valeriy Mishchenko ◽  
Elena Gorbaneva ◽  
Kristina Sevryukova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
End User ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
Actual Energy Consumption ◽  
The Impact

This article analyzed the impact of the structural characteristics of old apartment buildings on actual energy consumption. The authors reviewed energy consumption in existing apartment buildings in Voronezh in order to determine the need for major repairs and energy efficiency. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of energy consumption in old apartment buildings and in new ones built in accordance with the current regulations was carried out. Three indicators of energy consumption were considered for analysis: total energy consumption by the end-user, heating of premises and electricity consumption depending on the year of construction of apartment buildings. The characteristics considered were used to quantify energy consumption (heating and power supply). Due to the results obtained, a statistical analysis of energy consumption in old apartment buildings and in new ones was carried out. It was noted that old apartment buildings consume more energy than those built at a late stage, in accordance with the current regulatory framework. The results can be useful in identifying priority elements of the building that will help to effectively reduce energy consumption during major repairs and classify existing residential buildings to build energy models.

scholarly journals An analysis of the power demand and electricity consumption of automatic pellet boiler

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (21) ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Pełka ◽  
Wojciech Luboń ◽  
Daniel Malik
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Constant Control ◽  
First Case ◽  
Additional Costs

Pellet boilers are increasingly popular on the market, largely due to the fact that their use does not demand constant control by the user, but is reduced only to replenishing fuel and cleaning the combustion chamber and heat exchanger every few days. However, this functionality creates additional costs in terms of power consumption due to the work of boiler components, such as the pellet igniter, screw conveyors motors, fan, pump and controller. The purpose of this research was the analysis of the power demand and energy consumption of the electricity devices installed on the automatic pellet boiler in two operating modes, determining the total energy consumption and costs of electricity due to heating seasons in each mode. In the first mode, the boiler worked with modulated power, and in the second the boiler was working with nominal power. To carry out the mentioned research, a pellet boiler installed in the AGH UST Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources in Miękinia was used. All the data obtained was used to simulate the total electricity consumption during one standard heating season and the costs involved. In the first case the boiler consumed 623,195 kWh of electricity per heating season and in the second the boiler consumed 304,503 kWh electricity per heating season. Although electricity consumption in the modulated mode is higher, the total cost of heating is lower, due to lower fuel consumption.

scholarly journals Modeling the Total Energy Consumption of Mobile Network Services and Applications

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Yan ◽  
Chien Aun Chan ◽  
André F. Gygax ◽  
Jinyao Yan ◽  
Leith Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Network Services ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
End To End

Reducing the energy consumption of Internet services requires knowledge about the specific traffic and energy consumption characteristics, as well as the associated end-to-end topology and the energy consumption of each network segment. Here, we propose a shift from segment-specific to service-specific end-to-end energy-efficiency modeling to align engineering with activity-based accounting principles. We use the model to assess a range of the most popular instant messaging and video play applications to emerging augmented reality and virtual reality applications. We demonstrate how measurements can be conducted and used in service-specific end-to-end energy consumption assessments. Since the energy consumption is dependent on user behavior, we then conduct a sensitivity analysis on different usage patterns and identify the root causes of service-specific energy consumption. Our main findings show that smartphones are the main energy consumers for web browsing and instant messaging applications, whereas the LTE wireless network is the main consumer for heavy data applications such as video play, video chat and virtual reality applications. By using small cell offloading and mobile edge caching, our results show that the energy consumption of popular and emerging applications could potentially be reduced by over 80%.

scholarly journals A Study of Design Variables in Daylight and Energy Performance in Residential Buildings under Hot Climates

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5836
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammed AL-Dossary ◽  
Daeung Danny Kim
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Shading Devices

In Saudi Arabia, residential buildings are one of the major contributors to total energy consumption. Even though there are abundant natural resources, it is somewhat difficult to apply them to building designs, as design variables, due to slow progress and private issues in Saudi Arabia. Thus, the present study demonstrated the development of sustainable residential building design by examining the daylighting and energy performance with design variables. Focusing on the daylighting system, the design variables were chosen, including window-to-wall ratios (WWR), external shading devices, and types of glazing. The illuminance level by these design variables in a building was evaluated by using daylight metrics, such as spatial daylight autonomy and annual sunlight exposure. Moreover, the building energy consumption with these design variables was analyzed by using energy simulation. As a result, the daylighting was improved with the increase in WWRs and the tinted double glazing, while these design options can cause overheating in a residential building. Among types of glazing, the double pane windows with a low-E coating showed better energy performance. Based on the results, it is necessary to find the proper design variables that can balance the daylighting and energy performance in residential buildings in hot climates.

scholarly journals Direct energy consumption and CO2 emissions in a Finnish broiler house – a case study

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Rajaniemi ◽  
Jukka Ahokas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Direct Energy ◽  
Broiler House

Direct energy (electricity and heating) consumption was measured from one broiler house in southern Finland. CO2 emissions were also calculated. Six broiler flocks were reared per year with an average of 26 000 birds per flock. Heating constituted the major energy input, averaging 1.3 kWh kg-1 of carcass weight. It varied greatly between seasons and was highest during the cold period. Using renewable energy for heating remarkably reduces CO2 emissions compared to fossil energy. Electricity consumption averaged 0.08 kWh kg-1 of carcass weight. The greatest energy saving potential can be found in heating. CO2 emissions can be lowered to similar levels as in warmer countries by using biofuels for heating. Ventilation control is one possibility for direct energy savings in broiler production. Feed production is one of the key elements when total energy consumption is considered.

Current Hydropower Potential in Turkey and Sustainability of Hydropower for Turkey's Energy Demand

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Balat
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Power Markets ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Public Company ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Hydroelectric Plants ◽  
Per Capita

With a young and growing population, low per capita electricity consumption, rapid urbanization and strong economic growth, Turkey for nearly two decades has been one of the fastest growing power markets in the world. Domestic energy consumption accounts for 37% of total energy consumption. For this reason, the renewable sources are very important for Turkey's energy sector. Projections by Turkey's Electricity Generating and Transmission Corporation (TEAS), a public company which owns and operates 15 thermal and 30 hydroelectric plants generating 91% of Turkey's electricity, indicate that rapid (as high as 10% annual) growth in electricity consumption will continue over the next 15 years. Turkey has a total gross hydropower potential of 433 GW, but only 125 GW of the total hydroelectric potential of Turkey can be economically used.

Study on Analysis and Quota of Energy Consumption for Large Comprehensive Hospital Buildings in Shaanxi Province of China

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 2817-2824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jun Li ◽  
Zeng Feng Yan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Medical Quality ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Hospital Building ◽  
Save Energy

As social and economic development in China，building scale and medical devices have greatly improved in hospitals, and patients and medical staff are requiring a more and more comfortable indoor environment. All these lead to rising energy consumption of hospital buildings. How to save energy and reduce consumption on the basis of keeping medical quality? This paper takes studies on energy consumption of hospitals in Shaanxi province. First of all, questionnaires about energy consumption of hospitals were carried out. Total energy consumption and electricity consumption were analyzed and energy consumption law was summarized. Then, quota principle and quota method of energy consumption were explored, and energy consumption quota of hospital buildings in Shaanxi province was established. This research contributes to energy-saving of hospital building and provides reference for other public buildings in Shaanxi province.

scholarly journals Comparing Occupant Self-Assessed Behaviour to Actual Metered Consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Andres Prada
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Statistical Bias ◽  
Performance Review ◽  
Building Management ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Usage Patterns

A post-­‐occupancy evaluation (POE) is a comprehensive building performance review that includes occupant surveys and provides feedback on the overall success of a building design in addressing end-­‐user requirements. In doing so, POE often identifies disparities between expected and actual energy usage patterns. Part of determining the source of these disparities is the evaluation of tenant responses. Since these are heavily dependent on the users’ ability to accurately recall their usage patterns, their potential inaccuracy may misinform building retrofits and future projects. This study seeks to compare occupant self-­‐assessed behaviour to actual metered consumption. A recently retrofit multi-­‐unit residential building (MURB) and Tower Renewal pilot project was selected for the evaluation, and access to the electricity consumption of the pilot was obtained from building management. The project has 146 units, each approximately 20.5m A post-­‐retrofit survey has been carried out, which amongst other factors attempted to collect information on small appliances and electronics and their use. 48 valid samples were obtained. The monthly electricity consumption of each unit has been calculated based on the tenant responses, and these values have been compared to actual consumption values from the electronic meters. The average estimated consumption was found to be 45% more than the average metered consumption, with 46% of the survey-­‐based estimates exceeding their respective metered readings by more than 50%. As many as 86% of tenants whose consumption estimate exceeded 50% of the metered value incurred time overestimation, while 23% incurred statistical bias. It was also found that all tenants who incurred statistical bias also incurred time overestimation. While individual estimates tend to disagree with metered data, large-­‐sample assessments may still be possible. Mode-­‐based assessments help to limit sources of discrepancy by eliminating tenant responses that occur infrequently, thus creating sample cases that resemble the contents of a ‘typical unit’. However, great care must be taken to avoid introducing further bias. To this end, more rigorous statistical analysis is required. It is recommended that future surveys avoid overestimation by arranging time-­‐related questions in a manner that allows quick revision, tightening the ranges for usage questions to minimize assumptions made, and including relevant custom-­‐made questions that either clarify questions for the tenants or minimize ambiguity in the results.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption and GGP in the OECD Countries: A Causality Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mondiu T. Jaiyesimi ◽  
Tokunbo S. Osinubi ◽  
Lloyd Amaghionyeodiwe
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Total Energy Consumption

Abstract This study investigated the nature or direction of causality between GDP, electricity consumption and total energy consumption in the OECD. Secondary data was used while both the ordinary least square (OLS) and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators were employed to test for causality in our model. Our result found the presence of a bi-directional causality between energy consumption and GDP for the total energy demand model and between electricity consumption and GDP for the electricity demand model. By implication, the bi-directional causality in our estimated models suggest that both energy consumption and GDP are important factors in economic development in the OECD. Thus, if misguided policy measures are made to reduce energy consumption it could have a detrimental effect on GDP which will slow down economic growth. A recommendation is for policy makers to concentrate on encouraging energy efficiency as a way to reduce energy and electricity consumption.

scholarly journals PROTOTYPE ALAT PEMBATAS DAN PEMUTUS ARUS LISTRIK PASCABAYAR PADA RUMAH TANGGA BERBASIS SMARTPHONE

Jurnal Teknik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahma Farah Ningrum
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
High Price ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Circuit Component ◽  
Model Circuit

Electricity consumption in the household sector is 37.5% of total energy consumption. In 2017 Basic Electricity Fare (BEF) has increased 4 times. To suppress the high price that must be paid every month from the use of electrical energy and to anticipate the occurrence of energy crisis required a system that can limit the use of electrical energy. Therefore, a system that can control and limit the use of electrical energy. The system uses the arduino as the control center of the model circuit component, then connected to the current-breaker application on the user's smartphone. So with this system people can control and limit the usage of electric current with ease, therefore the savings on electrical energy can be done and also is one way to anticipate the occurrence of energy crisis in the future

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