Copulas for Demand Estimation for Portfolio Reuse Design Decisions

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijitashwa Pandey ◽  
Deborah Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Component Reuse ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Effective Age ◽  
Portfolio Size ◽  
Product Sales ◽  
Computational Intractability

Design for multiple product lifecycles with component reuse potentially improves profitability, customer satisfaction and environmental impact. However, deciding on the scope and the level of detail (granularity) to be considered in the design process can be challenging. Although a comprehensive model that takes into account all important issues would be immensely useful, modeling difficulties and computational intractability prevent their successful implementation. This paper extends the scope of a previously developed design decision tool for determining optimal end-of-lifecycle decisions. The single product case is extended to a product portfolio, which has been shown to capture more demand. Demand is explicitly considered and its modeling is accomplished with the use of copulas. An important result from statistics, Sklar’s theorem, provides a way to use data from existing product sales to estimate demand for currently nonexistent reused products. In addition, effective age calculations are updated. On the computational front, time-continuation and seeding is used for NSGA-II to converge to optima more quickly in the resulting larger problem. A personal computer case study illustrates the effect of different parameters such as portfolio size, the possibility of recycle, and limits on environmental impact (as opposed to mandated take-back).

Variability and Component Criticality in Component Reuse and Remanufacturing Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijitashwa Pandey ◽  
Deborah Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Design Decision ◽  
Component Reuse ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Customer Perception ◽  
Effective Age ◽  
Take Back ◽  
Information Set ◽  
System Variability ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
High System

Different operations, such as take-back, cleaning, and repair, lead to high system variability rendering remanufacturing systems difficult to manage. Even when a product is successfully remanufactured, there remains the problem of customer perception of remanufactured products being not able to perform as well as new ones. The possibility of several different options (reusing, remanufacturing, and recycling) further compound the complexity of the information set that should be considered for effective remanufacturing. This paper develops a method that can be employed for making component level decisions that accounts for aforesaid issues. A metric is proposed that measures the randomness or variability imposed by a reuse alternative. A measure of effective age is also proposed, extending the lines of previous research. A washing machine example illustrates the method and how the two measures can be incorporated into a design decision model.

scholarly journals SUPPORT FOR MANAGING PARTLY CONFIGURABLE MODULAR SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2791-2800
Author(s):  
Jarkko Pakkanen ◽  
Teuvo Heikkinen ◽  
Nillo Adlin ◽  
Timo Lehtonen ◽  
Janne Mämmelä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portfolio Management ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Product Management ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Modular Systems ◽  
Engineer To Order ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe paper studies what kind of support could be applied to the management of partly configurable modular systems. The main tasks of product management, product portfolio management and product variety management are defined. In addition, a partly configurable product structure and modular system are defined. Because the limited support in the literature for managing partly configurable modular systems, the article reviews previous product development cases in which authors have been involved on lessons learnt basis, i.e., if the methods and tools used in the cases could provide support for the research objective. As a result, the existing definition of the modular system should be extended by the concepts of non-module and design decision sequence description when dealing with partly configurable modular systems. This is because engineer-to-order should be made possible in cases where it brings clear added value to the customer compared to completely pre-defined solutions that may limit the customer's interest in the offering. Tools to assess the impact of changes to the product offering are required. These should be taken into account in frameworks that are used in method and tool development.

Design for maintainability tool for nano-façade coating applications on high-rise facades in the tropics

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Conejos ◽  
Aristotle Ubando ◽  
Michael Yit Lin Chew
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Design For Maintainability ◽  
Façade Coatings

PurposeThe self-cleaning properties of nanostructured titanium dioxide facade coatings are useful in Singapore's tropical climate. However, its potential maintenance issues need to be determined right at the design stage. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the development of the design for maintainability tool which is a multicriteria design decision score sheet that evaluates the maintainability potential of nano-facade coating applications on high-rise façades with concrete and stonemasonry finishes and curtain walls.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative methods (expert and practitioner surveys) are conducted in this research study. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and sensitivity analysis were used to develop a robust Design for Maintainability tool.FindingsSafety measures indicator received the highest weighted score by experts, while the maximizing performance, minimizing risk, minimizing negative environmental impact and minimizing consumption of matter and energy were the top ranking main criteria by both experts and practitioners. The top ranked design for maintainability sub-criteria identified by practitioners and experts were risk management, maintenance considerations, climatic conditions, safety measures, lifecycle cost and maintenance access, sun's path, rainfall intensity, biological growth measures and building age profile.Originality/valueMost researches on the maintainability of nano-façade coatings uses experimentation to test the durability of nano-façade coatings, while this study focuses on design based empirical data such as establishing and ranking the list of design for maintainability criteria or indicators to minimize future defects and maintenance issues. The design for maintainability tool contributes to the maintainability of nano-façade coatings leading to maximizing its performance while minimizing cost, risks, resource consumption and negative environmental impact.

scholarly journals Understanding circular economy awareness and practices in manufacturing firms

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Liakos ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Siwarit Pongsakornrungsilp ◽  
Jose Arturo Garza-Reyes ◽  
Bhumika Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Circular economy (CE) has evolved as a result of the growing environmental awareness, environmental legislation and the need for social responsibility. However, awareness levels of CE are not as high as expected and practices are further behind than they should be, with a significant lack of research around the subject in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the current state of awareness levels and the practices around CE in manufacturing firms. Moreover, the study aims to empirically validate one of the earlier proposed CE models. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a quantitative survey questionnaire based approach. More than 500 people from various manufacturing organisations were contacted directly over a 40-day long sampling process through the FAME database, personal contacts and LinkedIn. The survey resulted in 103 completed responses. Given the exploratory nature of the study, the data were mainly analysed using descriptive statistics. To validate the CE model, a correlation analysis was also conducted. Findings The research findings show that with the growing emphasis on CE across the globe by governing bodies, firms are becoming more aware of CE practices. The analysis also shows some useful insights on the state of each of the pillars (economic benefits, environmental impact and resource scarcity) of CE. The findings also indicate that the environmental impact pillar of CE is at a more developed state than the other two pillars which are, mostly, in a research state. Research limitations/implications The study provides manufacturing firms with a thorough understanding of the state of CE practices and importance of its successful implementation. The findings of the study advocates consideration of all three pillars of CE by managers as a guide to plan for an efficient strategy around CE implementation. Moreover, our study adds to existing efforts by the academic community to raise the awareness towards CE practice among all relevant stakeholders. The findings of this study are based on the responses from a limited 103 survey responses from manufacturing firms. Originality/value This study adds to the very limited empirical literature on CE awareness and practices in manufacturing firms. This is also one of the first studies attempting to empirically validate an existing CE model.

scholarly journals A Probabilistic Design Reuse Index for Engineering Designs

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokula Vasantha ◽  
Jonathan Corney ◽  
Struan Stuart ◽  
Andrew Sherlock ◽  
John Quigley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Component ◽  
Product Family ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Component Reuse ◽  
Probabilistic Measure ◽  
Customer Expectations ◽  
Leibler Divergence ◽  
Engineering Designs ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Many companies offer a range of related products that are constructed using similar components and processes. This enables them to meet customer expectations of product variety while minimizing the overheads (e.g., development and manufacturing costs). To support the management of product variety several indices have been proposed in the literature that measure the degree to which component use is standardized across products within the same product family. However, the derivation of some of these statistics can be laborious to calculate due to the effort required to assemble the necessary information. In this paper, we develop an index more suited to the automated data-mining of a company’s product portfolio, which is derived from the Kullback–Leibler divergence. The new measure provides an easily computed probabilistic measure that can be used to characterize the degree of component reuse within a single product, across a family of products, and at the individual component family level. To illustrate their applications, the indices and several existing measures are calculated for two contrasting product types; using the non-differentiating components of two flat-pack furniture ranges and the components of a range of bicycles.

scholarly journals The Relevance of Using Market Competencies in the Process of Diversification of Defense Industry Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
T. A. Berkutova ◽  
S. S. Golubev ◽  
A. V. Makhova ◽  
B. A. Kovtun
Keyword(s):  
Portfolio Management ◽  
Defense Industry ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Market Needs

The paper presents an overview of the problems faced by the enterprise of the military-industrial complex in the process of diversification when identifying market needs, searching for directions and opportunities for the promotion and sale of civilian and dual-use products. One of the key constraining factors of diversification is the lack of market competencies of the personnel of defense industry enterprises. In the current conditions, the skills of market segmentation and positioning of goods and enterprises, management of trademarks and brands, creation of intangible market assets, formation of business partnerships that allow entering the markets with competitive goods in a short time, ensuring the flexibility of enterprises and reducing the time to enter the markets of civil products become relevant. The condition for the successful implementation of the diversification strategy is the formation of market competencies: strategic analysis and market research, product portfolio management, the formation of product, price, service policy, the implementation of competitive strategies, the development of marketing services: the creation of divisions focused on working with the markets of civil and dual-use products, the development of new functionality for marketers, ensuring the interaction of production, technological and marketing services within the framework of meeting market needs. The development of market competencies will make it possible to realize the production and technological advantages of defense industry enterprises in the process of diversification and ensure: access to new markets for civil and dual-use products; targeted actions in existing markets; increasing the competitiveness of civil and dual-use products and defense industry enterprises in the markets; increasing the degree of adaptability and mobility of defense industry enterprises in the markets of civil and dual-use products to environmental conditions, reducing the response time to market requirements; solving socio-economic problems through broad integration with the high-tech civilian sector of industry.

scholarly journals Environmental Metrics to Drive a Cultural Change: Our Green Eco-Label

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 730-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Onken ◽  
Agnieszka Koettgen ◽  
Holger Scheidat ◽  
Patrick Schueepp ◽  
Fabrice Gallou
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Resource Consumption ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Process Improvements ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Analytical Development

A novel Green Chemistry Process Scorecard was developed to assess the environmental impact of chemical production processes to manufacture the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) within our portfolio. These new metrics not only cover the resource consumption from the overall chemical synthesis, but also consider the use of Substances of Concern and the number of chemical transformations. The Process Mass Intensity (PMI), i.e. the ratio of accumulated kilogram quantities of materials per kilogram of API, is used to quantify the resource consumption. An 'eco-label' for specific APIs is used to visualize the environmental impact from their chemical synthesis. For an overview of the environmental impact of a complete product portfolio, a diagram of PMI or total waste quantity vs. the number of synthetic steps can also be used as a visualization tool to identify chemical syntheses with a high need for process improvements. Implementation of this process led to a dramatic change of mindset within the organization. It now supports and drives the decision making at Chemical and Analytical Development, and helps to trigger new projects more readily for sustainability reasons.

Variability and Component Criticality in Component Reuse and Remanufacturing Systems

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijitashwa Pandey ◽  
Deborah Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Design Solution ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Component Reuse ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
System A ◽  
Take Back ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
High Degree

Product take-back and remanufacturing systems are difficult to implement cost-effectively. Two contributing factors to this problem are the complex nature of the interrelationships among components, and their high degree of variability. Legislated take-back mandates have made it imperative for manufacturers to realize when there is value to be recovered in components and when there is not. This paper proposes a component criticality method to help ascertain this remaining value. We also develop a metric that measures the randomness or variability that a reuse alternative imposes on the remanufacturing system. A case study on washing machines illustrates how the two measures can be incorporated into a design decision model, can help reduce the complexity of reuse operations, and result in a superior design solution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document