Cognitive Models of Design Ideation

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noe Vargas Hernandez ◽  
Jami J. Shah ◽  
Steven M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Visual Thinking ◽  
Human Problem ◽  
Design Ideation

The objective of this paper is to present a series of proposed cognitive models for specific components of design ideation. Each model attempts to explain specific cognitive processes occurring during ideation. Every model presented here is constructed with elements (i.e. cognitive processes) and theories available from cognitive psychology, human problem solving, mental imagery, and visual thinking. Every model in turn is an element of a higher-level cognitive model of design ideation. These models provide a better understanding of the components involved during ideation and their relationships.

Inquiries About Cognitive Thinking

2020 ◽  
pp. 212-236
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Visual Literacy ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visual Thinking ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Mental Operations ◽  
Cognition And Learning

This chapter of the book is about cognitive processes and the ways they are related to learning and creating. The text discusses how scientific concepts can be translated to the realm of mental imagery and visual thinking and how solutions inspired by nature and science-based issues support developing sensitivity and the use of original ideas in our work. Because cognition and learning may not be limited to humans, the text examines some mental operations in animals. On the other hand, the text discusses how the science- and technology-related producers might enhance their imagination and problem solving with graphical thinking and visual literacy.

Anxiety and Cognitive Processes in Problem Solving

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Sinclair ◽  
Terence A. Heys ◽  
Stephen de C. Kemmis
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Human Problem

In this paper a trait-state conception of anxiety is presented which incorporates a number of extensions to current theorizing. The conception is a cognitive one in that it emphasizes information processing that occurs with respect to both the trait and state components of anxiety. The conception indicates a number of insights into human problem solving that can be made through a consideration of cognitive processing, anxiety processing, and their interaction. In particular, the role of coping styles in threat reduction and the influence of A-state on specific cognitive processes are examined. Implications for theory and further research are discussed.

scholarly journals Reality-monitoring deficits and visual hallucinations in schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Mondino ◽  
Clément Dondé ◽  
Layla Lavallé ◽  
Frédéric Haesebaert ◽  
Jérôme Brunelin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
External Source ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Reality Monitoring ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Sensory Modalities

Abstract The presence of visual hallucinations in addition to auditory hallucinations (V + AH) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with schizophrenia. However, little consideration has been given to these symptoms and their underlying cognitive bases remain unclear. Based on cognitive models of hallucinations, we hypothesized that V + AH are underpinned by an impairment in reality-monitoring processes. The objective of the present study was to test whether reality-monitoring deficits were associated with V + AH in schizophrenia. This study examined reality-monitoring abilities in two groups of patients with schizophrenia: a group of patients with V + AH (n = 24) and a group of patients with AH only (n = 22). Patients with V + AH were significantly more likely to misremember imagined words as being perceived from an external source, compared to patients with AH only (p = 0.008, d = -0.82). In other words, V + AH patients display a larger externalization bias than patients with AH only. One explanation for these results could be that experiencing hallucinations in two sensory modalities may contribute to increased vividness of mental imagery and, in turn, lead to disruption in reality-monitoring processes. This study helps to refine our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying the presence of both auditory and visual hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Alternatively Assessing Conceptual Learning in an Emergency Clinical Environment—A Mixed Methods Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Zhidong Zhang ◽  
Alice Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Alternative Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Cognitive Content ◽  
Dynamic Learning

Modeling cognitive processes in clinical learning environments is a necessary first step towards improving learning assessment and medical practice by using an alternative assessment model. Verbal protocol and cognitive content analyses are effective methods of exploring such cognitive processes. For the purpose of simplifying the discussion, we have labeled these processes as Identification of Information, Advanced Cognition, and Medical Cognitive Action. Exploring problem solving processes with Bayesian network techniques can characterize students' dynamic learning processes quantitatively, identify differences in cognitive components at different stages of learning and better represent clinical problem solving features.We develop a hierarchical cognitive model as a cognitive assessment tool to describe the complex cognitive network relations, which can be applied to various clinical cognitive situations. The study concludes that the cognitive model was useful in identifying students' learning trajectories by representing the different cognitive features.

scholarly journals Testing the factor structure underlying behavior using joint cognitive models: Impulsivity in delay discounting and Cambridge gambling tasks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Kvam ◽  
Ricardo J Romeu ◽  
Brandon Turner ◽  
Jasmin Vassileva ◽  
Jerome R Busemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Temporal Discounting ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Latent Traits ◽  
Modeling Behavior

Neurocognitive tasks are frequently used to assess disordered decision making, and cognitive models of these tasks can quantify performance in terms related to decision makers' underlying cognitive processes. In many cases, multiple cognitive models purport to describe similar processes, but it is difficult to evaluate whether they measure the same latent traits or processes. In this paper, we develop methods for modeling behavior across multiple tasks by connecting cognitive model parameters to common latent constructs. This approach can be used to assess whether two tasks measure the same dimensions of cognition, or actually improve the estimates of cognitive models when there are overlapping cognitive processes between two related tasks. The approach is then applied to connecting decision data on two behavioral tasks that evaluate clinically-relevant deficits, the delay discounting task and Cambridge gambling task, to determine whether they both measure the same dimension of impulsivity. We find that the discounting rate parameters in the models of each task are not closely related, although substance users exhibit more impulsive behavior on both tasks. Instead, temporal discounting on the delay discounting task as quantified by the model is more closely related to externalizing psychopathology and impulsive choice, while temporal discounting on the Cambridge gambling task is related more to impulsive action and response inhibition failures. The methods we develop thus provide a new way to connect behavior across tasks and grant new insights onto the different dimensions of impulsivity and substance use.

scholarly journals Towards a shared ontology: A generic classification of cognitive processes in conceptual design

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hay ◽  
Alex H. B. Duffy ◽  
Chris McTeague ◽  
Laura M. Pidgeon ◽  
Tijana Vuletic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Design Cognition ◽  
Design Activities

Towards addressing ontological issues in design cognition research, this paper presents the first generic classification of cognitive processes investigated in protocol studies on conceptual design cognition. The classification is based on a systematic review of 47 studies published over the past 30 years. Three viewpoints on the nature of design cognition are outlined (search, exploration and design activities), highlighting considerable differences in the concepts and terminology applied to describe cognition. To provide a more unified view of the cognitive processes fundamentally under study, we map specific descriptions of cognitive processes provided in protocol studies to more generic, established definitions in the cognitive psychology literature. This reveals a set of 6 categories of cognitive process that appear to be commonly studied and are therefore likely to be prevalent in conceptual design: (1) long-term memory; (2) semantic processing; (3) visual perception; (4) mental imagery processing; (5) creative output production and (6) executive functions. The categories and their constituent processes are formalised in the generic classification. The classification provides the basis for a generic, shared ontology of cognitive processes in design that is conceptually and terminologically consistent with the ontology of cognitive psychology and neuroscience. In addition, the work highlights 6 key avenues for future empirical research: (1) the role of episodic and semantic memory; (2) consistent definitions of semantic processes; (3) the role of sketching from alternative theoretical perspectives on perception and mental imagery; (4) the role of working memory; (5) the meaning and nature of synthesis and (6) unidentified cognitive processes implicated in conceptual design elsewhere in the literature.

Inedxing as Problem Solving: A Cognitive Approach to Consistency

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. David ◽  
L. Giroux ◽  
S. Bertrand-Gastaldy ◽  
D. Lanteigne
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Factors Associated

Indexers differ in their judgment as to which terms reflect adequately the content of a document. Studies on interindexers' consistency identified several factors associated with low consistency, but failed to provide a comprehensive model of this phenomenon. Our research applies theories and methods from cognitive psychology to the study of indexing behavior. From a theoritical standpoint, indexing is considered as a problem solving situation. To access to the cognitive processes of indexers, three kinds of verbal reports are used. We will present results of an experiment in which four experienced indexers indexed the same documents. It will be shown that the three kinds of verbal reports provide complementary data on strategic behavior, and that it is of prime importance to consider the indexing task as an ill-defined problem, where the solution is partly defined by the indexer him(her)self.Résumé: Afin de mieux cerner l'origine des différences relevées par les études sur la cohérence inter-indexeurs, nous adjoignons les théories et méthodes issues de la psychologie cognitive (spécifiquement celles qui considèrent une tâche comme une situation de résolution de problème) à l'étude des processuscognitifs impliqués lors de l'indexation. Cette approche permet d'identifier les stratégies cognitives élaborées et utilisées par les indexeurs. Afin d'avoir accès à leurs processus cognitifs, trois types de verbalisations sont recueillis. Nous présenterons les résultats d'une expérimentation pour laquelle quatre indexeurs expérimentés ont analysé les mêmes documents. Les résultats avancés démontreront la complémentarité des données issues des trois types de verbalisations et l'importance de considérer l'indexation en tant que problème mal- défini; la solution étant définie en partie par l'indexeur.

The Impact of Visual Thinking Approach to Promote Elementary Students’ Problem Solving Skill in Mathemathics

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fendrik ◽  
Elvina Elvina
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visual Thinking ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Student Skill ◽  
Mathematical Skill ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to examine the influence of visual thinking learning to problemsolving skill. Quasi experiments with the design of this non-equivalent controlgroup involved Grade V students in one of the Elementary Schools. The design ofthis study was quasi experimental nonequivalent control group, the researchbullet used the existing class. The results of research are: 1) improvement ofproblem soving skill. The learning did not differ significantly between studentswho received conventional learning. 2) there is no interaction between learning(visual thinking and traditional) with students' mathematical skill (upper, middleand lower) on the improvement of skill. 3) there is a difference in the skill oflanguage learning that is being constructed with visual learning of thought interms of student skill (top, middle and bottom).

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