scholarly journals Commercial Ethanol Production From Cellulosic Biomass in South Florida

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Evans
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Cellulosic Ethanol ◽  
The State ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Citrus Peel ◽  
Loan Guarantee ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Carbon Based

Alico Energy, LLC, a subsidiary of Alico, Inc., has been awarded a grant from the State of Florida under the Florida Energy Act and a grant and loan guarantee from the U.S. Department of Energy to construct one of the nation’s first cellulosic ethanol facilities in South Florida. The Alico Energy biorefinery will be capable of co-producing ethanol and electricity from any carbon-based feedstock or waste, including citrus peel, and trimmings from citrus trees. The initial plant will produce only ethanol. The capacity to produce electricity will be added at a later date. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals Economic Potential of Sweet Sorghum for Ethanol Production in South Florida

EDIS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zane R. Helsel ◽  
José Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Resource Economics ◽  
The State ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Bioenergy Crop ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Biofuel Crop ◽  
Fact Sheet

Sweet sorghum has been designated as “potentially viable” as a biofuel crop. This 8-page fact sheet evaluates the economic potential of producing sweet sorghum as an annual bioenergy crop in the state of Florida. Written by Zane R. Helsel and José Álvarez, and published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, August 2011. UF/IFAS cover photo: Tyler Jones.

scholarly journals Contributions of U.S. Crop Subsidies to Biofuel and Related Markets

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Devadoss ◽  
Jude Bayham
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Cellulosic Ethanol ◽  
Welfare Loss ◽  
General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Feedstock Production ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. crop subsidies provide incentives for farmers to expand feedstock production, which benefits the biofuel producers by lowering input costs. This study develops a general equilibrium model to analyze the effects of a reduction in the U.S. crop subsidy on biofuel industries and social welfare. The impacts of feedstock policies on the biofuel market are marginal. In contrast, the biofuel mandate has a larger impact and counteracts the effects of the crop subsidy reduction. The mandate increases the demand for feedstock and causes not only grain ethanol, but also cellulosic ethanol production to rise. The mandate exacerbates the distortion, and government spending increases significantly, leading to greater welfare loss.

Cost Estimates of Cellulosic Ethanol Production: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Zhang ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
Z. J. Pei ◽  
D. H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Cellulosic Ethanol ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Cost Estimates ◽  
Transportation Fuels ◽  
Cost Competitiveness ◽  
The Cost

Increasing demands and concerns for reliable supply of liquid transportation fuels make it important to find alternatives to petroleum-based fuels. One such alternative is ethanol made from cellulosic biomass. Considerable investigations have been conducted to evaluate the viability of cellulosic ethanol production in several aspects (including cost competitiveness). Cost estimates of cellulosic ethanol production have been reported by many researchers in order to evaluate the economic viability of cellulosic ethanol production. However, the reported cost estimates in the literature have a large variation. The current literature contains limited reviews on the cost estimates of cellulosic ethanol production and mostly focused on some individual processes. This paper presents a literature review on the cost estimates of entire cellulosic ethanol production. It reviews the estimated costs for both the entire cycle (from planting to conversion) and individual processes for cellulosic ethanol production. It also covers factors that lead to variations among reported cost estimates.

Micropollutants Produced by Disinfection of Wastewater Effluents*

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 45-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
R L Jolley ◽  
R B Cumming ◽  
N E Lee ◽  
J E Thompson ◽  
L R Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Union Carbide Corporation ◽  
Organic Constituents ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Base Pair Substitution ◽  
The U.S

The principal objective of this research program was to examine the effects of disinfection by chlorine, ozone, and ultraviolet light (uv) irradiation on nonvolatile organic constituents relative to chemical effects and the formation of micropollutants. In a comparative study of highly concentrated samples of effluents from nine wastewater treatment plants, it was determined that disinfection with chlorine or ozone both destroys and produces nonvolatile organic constituents including mutagenic constituents. The chemical effects of disinfection by uv irradiation were relatively slight, although the mutagenic constituents in one effluent were eliminated by this treatment. The nine wastewater treatment plants were selected by using the following criteria: disinfection method, nature of wastewater source, type of wastewater treatment, standards for quality of treatment, and geographical location. The treatment plants varied from pilot plant and small plants [0.05 m3/s (1 Mgd)] treating principally domestic waste to large plants [4.4 m3/s (100 Mgd)] treating principally industrial waste. Four plants used only chlorine for disinfection, four used ozone for disinfection, and one used uv irradiation for disinfection. Eight treatment plants used conventional secondary or more advanced wastewater treatment, and one plant used primary treatment. The following methodology was used in this investigation: grab sample collection of 40-L samples of undisinfected and disinfected effluents; concentration of the effluents by lyophilization; high-pressure liquid chromatographic separation of nonvolatile organic constituents in effluent concentrates using uv absorbance, cerate oxidation, and fluorescence detectors; bacterial mutagenicity testing of concentrates and chromatographic fractions; and identification and characterization of nonvolatile organic constituents in mutagenic HPLC fractions. With these procedures, over 100 micropollutants were identified in the wastewater effluent concentrates. Interplant comparison revealed considerable variability in the presence of mutagenic nonvolatile organic constituents in the undisinfected effluent concentrates as well as much variability in the destruction of the mutagenic constituents and the formation of other mutagenic constituents as a result of disinfection. Moreover, the effects varied on samples collected at the same wastewater treatment plant at different periods. No micropollutants known to be mutagens were identified in the mutagenic HPLC fractions separated from the undisinfected, chlorinated, and ozonated effluent concentrates. The mutagenic activity of the nonvolatile organic constituents in one chlorinated effluent concentrate was not attributable to organic chloramines. Most of the mutagens detected in effluent concentrates are direct acting and do not require metabolic activation. Both base-pair substitution mutagens and frame-shift mutagens occurred in the wastewater concentrates, but the former type was more frequent. For many of the compounds in effluents, strain TA-1535 was more sensitive than strain TA-100 in detecting base-pair substitution mutagens. *Research sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The work was carried out at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is operated by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract W-7405-eng-26 with the Union Carbide Corporation.

scholarly journals A Panel Evaluation of the Changes in the General Public’s Social-Media-Following of United States’ Public Health Departments during COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272199545
Author(s):  
Areej Khokhar ◽  
Aaron Spaulding ◽  
Zuhair Niazi ◽  
Sikander Ailawadhi ◽  
Rami Manochakian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Health Department ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Departments ◽  
The Social ◽  
The U.S

Importance: Social media is widely used by various segments of society. Its role as a tool of communication by the Public Health Departments in the U.S. remains unknown. Objective: To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media following of the Public Health Departments of the 50 States of the U.S. Design, Setting, and Participants: Data were collected by visiting the Public Health Department web page for each social media platform. State-level demographics were collected from the U.S. Census Bureau. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention was utilized to collect information regarding the Governance of each State’s Public Health Department. Health rankings were collected from “America’s Health Rankings” 2019 Annual report from the United Health Foundation. The U.S. News and World Report Education Rankings were utilized to provide information regarding the public education of each State. Exposure: Data were pulled on 3 separate dates: first on March 5th (baseline and pre-national emergency declaration (NED) for COVID-19), March 18th (week following NED), and March 25th (2 weeks after NED). In addition, a variable identifying the total change across platforms was also created. All data were collected at the State level. Main Outcome: Overall, the social media following of the state Public Health Departments was very low. There was a significant increase in the public interest in following the Public Health Departments during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: With the declaration of National Emergency, there was a 150% increase in overall public following of the State Public Health Departments in the U.S. The increase was most noted in the Midwest and South regions of the U.S. The overall following in the pandemic “hotspots,” such as New York, California, and Florida, was significantly lower. Interesting correlations were noted between various demographic variables, health, and education ranking of the States and the social media following of their Health Departments. Conclusion and Relevance: Social media following of Public Health Departments across all States of the U.S. was very low. Though, the social media following significantly increased during the early course of the COVID-19 pandemic, but it still remains low. Significant opportunity exists for Public Health Departments to improve social media use to engage the public better.

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