Cost Advantages of Bulk Handling Through the Citrus Packing House

1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Tremendous Amount

The Citrus Industry is always interested in finding economies, but it usually takes some stimulus to bring in new methods. The stimulus for handling fresh fruit in bulk from the field to the packing house came during the 1947–48 citrus season, when delivered-in fruit prices were exceptionally low. With grapefruit widely quoted as low as 5¢ per box on-the-tree, a tremendous amount of interest was generated in finding cheaper methods of handling. Several commercial concerns experimented with various types of bulk handling for fresh fruit by attempting, unsuccessfully, to adapt the cannery fruit systems for this purpose. Paper published with permission.

An evaluation of the fruit quality and storage behaviour of Lane Late Navel oranges

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (86) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
BM El-Zeftawi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Great Benefit ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Disorders

Lane Late Navel (LLN) (Citrus sinensis), a late maturing orange cultivar, was evaluated for its quality and storage behaviour and compared with other sweet orange cultivars during 1972-75. Although LLN can extend the Navel season into the Valencia season, its quality deteriorates very rapidly; the juice becomes insipid due to its lower acid content and the rind re-greens, thus detracting from its appearance. It also granulates which reduces its acceptibility as fresh fruit. Granulation increases in storage and, combined with other storage disorders such as Alternaria citri, its storage period is limited to a mere six weeks at 5�C. The results indicate that the cultivar offers no great benefit to the citrus industry under conditions similar to this trial.

Modern Fresh Fruit Handling, Adams Packing Association, Inc.

1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Grierson
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Handling Methods

Things are not always what they seem to be. The assigned title of this paper would seem to limit the subject to the new Adams packinghouse. Nevertheless, it is necessary to first consider the harvesting methods selected. The main reason for improving packing methods is to reduce costs, and in the fresh fruit business today opportunities for cost reduction are principally between the tree and the packinghouse. Moreover the packer has some reasonable control over his choice of field handling methods, but inside the packinghouse his choice of methods is severely limited by the policies of buyers and the lack of any combined policy on container standardization by the fresh fruit industry in general. This is particularly true in Florida as contrasted, for example, with the California citrus industry. Paper published with permission.

Handling Lemons in a Conventional Packing House

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Martin Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Sales Organization ◽  
Ideal Situation ◽  
Basic Technology ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
A Company ◽  
The Ideal

There has been much discussion in the Florida Fresh Citrus Industry about the possibility of handling lemons in a conventional packing house. The advantages of keeping idle machinery and key people productive in the summer months are obvious if the special problems of handling this variety can be overcome. This can be done and is being done successfully by two Florida Packing Houses, Golden Gem Growers, Inc. in Umatilla and Gracewood Fruit Company in Vero Beach. This concept requires a few specific facilities which are not found in all Florida packing houses but are present in many. This paper will discuss these facilities plus others which are desirable if available. The Fresh Lemon Industry in Florida is a young and growing industry. It is rather unique in that the fruit matures during a time of year when no other Florida Citrus is in season. Since the major problem facing most Florida fresh fruit operations is the lack of full utilization of packing equipment, there has been some interest in utilizing this idle capacity during the summer for packing lemons. There has been much debate over the wisdom of this approach since the handling of lemons in a conventional packing house presents many difficulties which must be solved to have a successful operation. The basic technology for packing fresh Florida Lemons has been worked out for several years. The ideal situation of course is to have a packing plant designed specifically for lemons which would run lemons only. It would have all the machinery, equipment, and cold rooms necessary to do a good job. However, the only way this approach can be justified is to control enough lemons that this plant could be operated for several months each year. It would require approximately one-half the present bearing acreage of Florida Lemons to support such a plant. Therefore the ideal situation for a company with a conventional packing house with nothing to pack in August and usually September would be to pack lemons in this plant if the obstacles can be overcome. The advantages of such an operation are fairly obvious. The units packed during this period could do much to lower the unit overhead cost for the entire year. In addition the Supervisory and other Key people would become much more productive during this period of time. The same is true for the sales organization. This is the line of reasoning that led us into the fresh lemon packing business. In 1970 one of our members, Callery-Judge Groves requested we consider packing fresh lemons since they grew lemons and were very interested in having them packed fresh if at all possible. They furnished the fruit to experiment with so that we could find out how our machinery would do with lemons. Our first experiment was with twelve pallet bins of lemons which we handled in many different ways. After this experiment they furnished us with two trailer loads of lemons which we packed and sold on the fresh fruit market with good results. From that cautious beginning this operation has grown to the point where we stay extremely busy on lemons during the months of August and September, sometimes beginning in July and ending in October. To further discuss this subject I would like to break it down into several points which I consider important in the handling of fresh lemons in a conventional packing house. The first four points are absolutely essential. The remaining points are certainly desirable, but not as important as the first four. Paper published with permission.

Replication of Wet Objects and Cells

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
S. Basu ◽  
D. F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Polystyrene Latex ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Saturated Water Vapor ◽  
Replication Method ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Water Vapors ◽  
Intermediate Chamber

We are approaching the invasiveness of cancer cells from the studies of their wet surface morphology which should distinguish them from their normal counterparts. In this report attempts have been made to provide physical basis and background work to a wet replication method with a differentially pumped hydration chamber (Fig. 1) (1,2), to apply this knowledge for obtaining replica of some specimens of known features (e.g. polystyrene latex) and finally to realize more specific problems and to improvize new methods and instrumentation for their rectification. In principle, the evaporant molecules penetrate through a pair of apertures (250, 350μ), through water vapors and is, then, deposited on the specimen. An intermediate chamber between the apertures is pumped independently of the high vacuum system. The size of the apertures is sufficiently small so that full saturated water vapor pressure is maintained near the specimen.

A Freeze Shadow Technique for the Preparation of Soft Paint Latexes for Electron Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
Earl R. Walter ◽  
Glen H. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Distribution Studies ◽  
Preparation Techniques

With the development of soft, film forming latexes for use in paints and other coatings applications, it became desirable to develop new methods of sample preparation for latex particle size distribution studies with the electron microscope. Conventional latex sample preparation techniques were inadequate due to the pronounced tendency of these new soft latex particles to distort, flatten and fuse on the substrate when they dried. In order to avoid these complications and obtain electron micrographs of undistorted latex particles of soft resins, a freeze-dry, cold shadowing technique was developed. The method has now been used in our laboratory on a routine basis for several years.The cold shadowing is done in a specially constructed vacuum system, having a conventional mechanical fore pump and oil diffusion pump supplying vacuum. The system incorporates bellows type high vacuum valves to permit a prepump cycle and opening of the shadowing chamber without shutting down the oil diffusion pump. A baffeled sorption trap isolates the shadowing chamber from the pumps.

Directional observation on lipid of male nectary of Lindera megaphylla hemsl. by the rapid embedding method with polyethylene glycol (PEG)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
Dai Dalin ◽  
Guo Jianmin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Unsaturated Lipid ◽  
Embedding Method ◽  
Long Period ◽  
New Methods

Lipid cytochemistry has not yet advanced far at the EM level. A major problem has been the loss of lipid during dehydration and embedding. Although the adoption of glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide accelerate the chemical reaction of lipid and osmium tetroxide can react on the double bouds of unsaturated lipid to from the osmium black, osmium tetroxide can be reduced in saturated lipid and subsequently some of unsaturated lipid are lost during dehydration. In order to reduce the loss of lipid by traditional method, some researchers adopted a few new methods, such as the change of embedding procedure and the adoption of new embedding media, to solve the problem. In a sense, these new methods are effective. They, however, usually require a long period of preparation. In this paper, we do research on the fiora nectary strucure of lauraceae by the rapid-embedding method wwith PEG under electron microscope and attempt to find a better method to solve the problem mentioned above.

A computer-control program for TEM in situ fatigue experiments

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 620-621
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Vecchio ◽  
John A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Slow Crack Growth ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Computer Control System ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
In Situ Experiments ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
And Control

In-situ experiments conducted within a transmission electron microscope provide the operator a unique opportunity to directly observe microstructural phenomena, such as phase transformations and dislocation-precipitate interactions, “as they happen”. However, in-situ experiments usually require a tremendous amount of experimental preparation beforehand, as well as, during the actual experiment. In most cases the researcher must operate and control several pieces of equipment simultaneously. For example, in in-situ deformation experiments, the researcher may have to not only operate the TEM, but also control the straining holder and possibly some recording system such as a video tape machine. When it comes to in-situ fatigue deformation, the experiments became even more complicated with having to control numerous loading cycles while following the slow crack growth. In this paper we will describe a new method for conducting in-situ fatigue experiments using a camputer-controlled tensile straining holder.The tensile straining holder used with computer-control system was manufactured by Philips for the Philips 300 series microscopes. It was necessary to modify the specimen stage area of this holder to work in the Philips 400 series microscopes because the distance between the optic axis and holder airlock is different than in the Philips 300 series microscopes. However, the program and interfacing can easily be modified to work with any goniometer type straining holder which uses a penrmanent magnet motor.

Confronting the grey zone after severe brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Peterson ◽  
Adrian M. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Severe Brain Injury ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Legal Decision Making ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Brain

In recent years, rapid technological developments in the field of neuroimaging have provided several new methods for revealing thoughts, actions and intentions based solely on the pattern of activity that is observed in the brain. In specialized centres, these methods are now being employed routinely to assess residual cognition, detect consciousness and even communicate with some behaviorally non-responsive patients who clinically appear to be comatose or in a vegetative state. In this article, we consider some of the ethical issues raised by these developments and the profound implications they have for clinical care, diagnosis, prognosis and medical-legal decision-making after severe brain injury.

F. New Methods of Disinfection and Sterilization

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-380
Author(s):  
Kazuei Ogoshi ◽  
Taiji Akamatsu ◽  
Hiroyasu Iishi ◽  
Daizo Saito ◽  
Nobuhiro Sakaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Methods

New Methods Aim to Predict CKD Progression

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
MARY ANN MOON
Keyword(s):  
Ckd Progression ◽  
New Methods
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