scholarly journals Development of Reheat Combustor-Power Turbine Package

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nakhamkin ◽  
E. C. Swensen ◽  
Arthur Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Power Turbine ◽  
Gas Generators ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

This paper describes the first phase of an intended project to develop a reheat combustor-power turbine (RCPT) package which when added to an aircraft derivative gas generator would produce a commercially attractive reheat gas turbine for combined cycle and cogeneration applications. This first phase includes the identification of gas generators and establishes the relative merits of the RCPT package at various inlet temperatures based upon evaluated benefits. Our calculations show that in combined cycle application with the RCPT at an easily feasible power turbine inlet temperature of 1700°F, the steam flow increases by approximately 2.5 times, the combined cycle power by about 30%, and the combined cycle efficiency by about 5% compared to an unfired aeroderivative combined cycle. Compared to the duct fired combined cycle with the same power output, the efficiency increases by approximately 7.5%, leading to a lower cost of electricity of about 10 per cent for the economic assumptions of the study.

scholarly journals Gas Turbine and Combined Cycle Technologies for Power and Efficiency Enhancement in Power Plants

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meherwan P. Boyce ◽  
Cyrus B. Meher-Homji ◽  
A. N. Lakshminarasimha
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Efficiency Enhancement ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Cycle Efficiency ◽  
Original Equipment Manufacturers

A wide variety of gas turbine based cycles exist in the market today with several technologies being promoted by individual Original Equipment Manufacturers. This paper is focused on providing users with a conceptual framework within which to view these cycles and choose suitable options for their needs. A basic parametric analysis is provided to show the interdependency of Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) and Pressure Ratio on cycle efficiency and specific work.

The Reheat Power Turbine With Steam Cooling: A Means of Increasing Reheat Temperature, Exhaust Temperature and Combined-Cycle Efficiency

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Power Turbine ◽  
Steam Cooling ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Cycle Efficiency ◽  
Steam Cool ◽  
Turbine Blading

The reheat-gas-turbine maximum-reheat turbine-inlet temperature (RHTIT) is presently limited to about 2200°F (1204°C) due to an arbitrary exhaust temperature ceiling set at 1300°F (704°C). Last-stage power-turbine blading, support struts, casings and exhaust-hood construction and materials has imposed this restraint. This paper outlines a way to steam-cool these large parts. It presents an analysis of the combined cycle where the efficiency improvement is 2.4 percent and the output gain is 9.9 percent with a 200°F (111°C) higher RHTIT and a corresponding extended exhaust temperature and where the overall combined cycle efficiency approaches 60 percent (LHV).

scholarly journals Performance Gains Derived From Water Injection in Regenerative, Indirect-Fired, Coal-Fueled Gas Turbines

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Parsons ◽  
Thomas F. Bechtel
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

This paper discusses the performance benefits available from compressor discharge water injection in an indirect-fired gas turbine. The results of parametric performance studies are the main technical focus. The performance studies are part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) indirect-fired gas turbine program. The key technical approach is to develop a high-pressure, coal-fired ceramic heat exchanger to serve as the air heater. A high-pressure coal-fired ceramic air heater is now under development in a DOE-sponsored program at Hague International. The goal of this program is to develop a heat exchanger suitable for turbine inlet temperatures from 1,100 to 1,260 °C. With a turbine inlet temperature in this range, coal-fired indirect systems have performance superior to direct-fired gas-fueled simple cycle systems. Using conservative assumptions, the coal-fired indirect cycle has calculated net plant efficiencies in the 32 to 37 percent range, on a higher heating value (HHV) basis, at typical pressure ratios and 1,260 °C (2,300 °F) turbine inlet temperature. Adding a steam bottoming cycle raises the net plant efficiency (NPE) to 44–48 percent HHV. Adding water injection raises the simple cycle efficiency to 41–43 percent HHV and the combined cycle efficiency to 47–54 percent HHV. These NPE’s compare favorably to the most advanced industrial direct-fired systems. For example, a natural gas-fired GE MS7001-F has published HHV efficiencies of 31.1 percent simple cycle and 46.1 percent combined cycle (Gas Turbine World, 1990).

The influences of turbine blade mean temperature and component efficiencies on coolant optimization in the gas turbine

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
B W Martin ◽  
A Brown ◽  
M Finnis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Compressor Pressure Ratio ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

This paper continues the computational invcstigalion of optimum performance of a gas turbine configuration incorporating a gas generator, previously reported by the authors. Even for contemporary pressure ratios not previously considered, there appears to be no advantage in prebleeding the coolant air, and within the range considered, as previously found, the amount of coolant preheating has only a secondary effect on maximum engine efficiency. This is also true of the influence of allowable mean blade temperature on maximum engine efficiency, but both factors do have a pronounced effect on the optimum coolant and where maximum cycle efficiency is primarily determined by compressor pressure ratio and component isen-tropic efficiencies. The specific work output is confirmed under optimum conditions to be an almost linear function of the compressor turbine inlet temperature.

Development and Fabrication of Silicon Nitride Components for Ceramic Gas Turbine

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Makino ◽  
Ken-Ichi Mizuno ◽  
Toru Shimamori
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Power Turbine

NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. has been developing various silicon nitride materials, and the technology for fabricating components for ceramic gas turbines (CGT) using theses materials. We are supplying silicon nitride material components for the project to develop 300 kW class CGT for co-generation in Japan. EC-152 was developed for components that require high strength at high temperature, such as turbine blades and turbine nozzles. In order to adapt the increasing of the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) up to 1,350 °C in accordance with the project goals, we developed two silicon nitride materials with further unproved properties: ST-1 and ST-2. ST-1 has a higher strength than EC-152 and is suitable for first stage turbine blades and power turbine blades. ST-2 has higher oxidation resistance than EC-152 and is suitable for power turbine nozzles. In this paper, we report on the properties of these materials, and present the results of evaluations of these materials when they are actually used for CGT components such as first stage turbine blades and power turbine nozzles.

Expanding Fuel Flexibility in MHPS’ Dry Low NOx Combustor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyoshi Tada ◽  
Kei Inoue ◽  
Tomo Kawakami ◽  
Keijiro Saitoh ◽  
Satoshi Tanimura
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Social Perspectives ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Fuel Flexibility

Gas-turbine combined-cycle (GTCC) power generation is clean and efficient, and its demand will increase in the future from economic and social perspectives. Raising turbine inlet temperature is an effective way to increase combined cycle efficiency and contributes to global environmental conservation by reducing CO2 emissions and preventing global warming. However, increasing turbine inlet temperature can lead to the increase of NOx emissions, depletion of the ozone layer and generation of photochemical smog. To deal with this issue, MHPS (MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS) and MHI (MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES) have developed Dry Low NOx (DLN) combustion techniques for high temperature gas turbines. In addition, fuel flexibility is one of the most important features for DLN combustors to meet the requirement of the gas turbine market. MHPS and MHI have demonstrated DLN combustor fuel flexibility with natural gas (NG) fuels that have a large Wobbe Index variation, a Hydrogen-NG mixture, and crude oils.

Proposal of Innovative Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Power Generation System

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideto Moritsuka
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Power Generation System

In order to estimate the possibility to improve thermal efficiency of power generation use gas turbine combined cycle power generation system, benefits of employing the advanced gas turbine technologies proposed here have been made clear based on the recently developed 1500C-class steam cooling gas turbine and 1300C-class reheat cycle gas turbine combined cycle power generation systems. In addition, methane reforming cooling method and NO reducing catalytic reheater are proposed. Based on these findings, the Maximized efficiency Optimized Reheat cycle Innovative Gas Turbine Combined cycle (MORITC) Power Generation System with the most effective combination of advanced technologies and the new devices have been proposed. In case of the proposed reheat cycle gas turbine with pressure ratio being 55, the high pressure turbine inlet temperature being 1700C, the low pressure turbine inlet temperature being 800C, combined with the ultra super critical pressure, double reheat type heat recovery Rankine cycle, the thermal efficiency of combined cycle are expected approximately 66.7% (LHV, generator end).

The Reheat Gas Turbine With Steam-Blade Cooling—A Means of Increasing Reheat Pressure, Output, and Combined Cycle Efficiency

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Blade Cooling ◽  
Cycle Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Blading

The reheat (RH) pressure can be appreciably increased by applying steam cooling to the gas-generator (GG) turbine blading which in turn allows a higher RH firing temperature for a fixed exhaust temperature. These factors increase gas turbine output and raise combined-cycle efficiency. The GG turbine blading will approach “uncooled expansion efficiency”. Eliminating cooling air increases the gas turbine RH pressure by 10.6 percent. When steam is used (injected) as the blade coolant, additional GG work is also developed which further increases the RH pressure by another 12.0 percent to yield a total increase of approximately 22.6 percent. The 38-cycle pressure ratio 2400° F (1316° C) TIT GG studied produces a respectable 6.5 power turbine expansion ratio. The higher pressure also noticeably reduces the physical size of the RH combustor. This paper presents an analysis of the RH pressure rise when applying steam to blade cooling.

Advanced High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyoshi Kato
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Flow Channels ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Conversion System ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

Three systems have been proposed for advanced high temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs): a supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) gas turbine power conversion system; a new MicroChannel Heat Exchanger (MCHE); and a once-through-then-out (OTTO) refueling scheme with burnable poison (BP) loading. An S-CO2 gas turbine cycle attains higher cycle efficiency than a He gas turbine cycle due to reduced compression work around the critical point of CO2. Considering temperature lowering at the turbine inlet by 30°C through the intermediate heat exchange, the S-CO2 indirect cycle achieves efficiency of 53.8% at turbine inlet temperature of 820°C and turbine inlet pressure of 20 MPa. This cycle efficiency value is higher by 4.5% than that (49.3%) of a He direct cycle at turbine inlet temperature of 850°C and 7 MPa. A new MCHE has been proposed as intermediate heat exchangers between the primary cooling He loop and the secondary S-CO2 gas turbine power conversion system; and recuperators of the S-CO2 gas turbine power conversion system. This MCHE has discontinuous “S”-shape fins providing flow channels with near sine curves. Its pressure drop is one-sixth reference to the conventional MCHE with zigzag flow channel configuration while the same high heat transfer performance inherits. The pressure drop reduction is ascribed to suppression of recirculation flows and eddies that appears around bend corners of zigzag flow channels in the conventional MCHE. An optimal BP loading in an OTTO refueling scheme eliminates the drawback of its excessively high axial power peaking factor, reducing the power peaking factor from 4.44 to about 1.7; and inheriting advantages over the multi-pass scheme because of the lack of fuel handling and integrity checking systems; and reloading. Because of the power peaking factor reduction, the maximum fuel temperatures are lower than the maximum permissible values of 1250°C for normal operation and 1600°C during a depressurization accident.

The Combined Reheat Gas Turbine/Steam Turbine Cycle: Part II—The LM 5000 Gas Generator Applied to the Combined Reheat Gas Turbine/Steam Turbine Cycle

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Heat Recovery Boiler ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Reheat Steam ◽  
Cycle Efficiency ◽  
Minimum Heat ◽  
Steam Heat

Part I presented an analysis of the simple and reheat gas turbine cycles and related these cycles to the combined gas turbine Rankine cycle. Part II uses the data developed in Part I and applies the second generation LM5000 to a combined cycle using a steam cycle with 1250 psig 900 FTT (8.62MPa and 482°C) steam conditions; then the reheat gas turbine is combined with a reheat steam turbine with steam conditions of 2400 psig and 1000/1000 FTT (16.55 MPa and 538/538° C). A unique arrangement of the superheater is discussed whereby part of the steam heat load is shifted to the reheat gas turbine to obtain a minimum heat recovery boiler stack temperature and a maximum cycle efficiency. This proposed power plant is projected to have a net cycle efficiency of 50 percent LHV when burning distillate fuel.

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