User Interface Description of a Gas Turbine Control System

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sreetharan ◽  
J. Fistere
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
User Interface ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Video Display ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Control Interface ◽  
Operator Interface ◽  
Made In ◽  
Plant Control

Human factors must be given primary consideration in the design of today’s control systems. It is essential to take into account the characteristics of the human operator, the plant control requirements and the inherent characteristics of the control system. This paper discusses the objectives of the control interface development task for a turbomachinery microprocessor based control system. It discusses the design issues raised during development, the choices made in the early structuring of the system and selected implementation details that affect the operator interface. Subjects discussed include: • Overall Philosophy and Console Arrangement • Pushbutton vs Keyboard Functions • Video Display Philosophy and Organization • Ladder-Diagram Graphic Symbols • Keyboard Command Philosophy and Structure • Diagnostic Features and Maintainability

Smart Combustors: Just Around the Corner

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben T. Zinn
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Combustion Instabilities ◽  
Lean Blowout

This paper reviews the state of the art of active control systems (ACS) for gas turbine combustors. Specifically, it discusses the manner in which ACS can improve the performance of combustors, the architecture of such ACS, and the designs and promising performance of ACS that have been developed to control combustion instabilities, lean blowout and pattern factor. The paper closes with a discussion of research needs, with emphasis on the integration of utilized engine ACS, health monitoring and prognostication systems into a single control system that could survive in the harsh combustor environment.

Model Based Performance Correction Methodology — A Case Study

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koldo Zuniga ◽  
Thomas P. Schmitt ◽  
Herve Clement ◽  
Joao Balaco
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Partial Load

Correction curves are of great importance in the performance evaluation of heavy duty gas turbines (HDGT). They provide the means by which to translate performance test results from test conditions to the rated conditions. The correction factors are usually calculated using the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) gas turbine thermal model (a.k.a. cycle deck), varying one parameter at a time throughout a given range of interest. For some parameters bi-variate effects are considered when the associated secondary performance effect of another variable is significant. Although this traditional approach has been widely accepted by the industry, has offered a simple and transparent means of correcting test results, and has provided a reasonably accurate correction methodology for gas turbines with conventional control systems, it neglects the associated interdependence of each correction parameter from the remaining parameters. Also, its inherently static nature is not well suited for today’s modern gas turbine control systems employing integral gas turbine aero-thermal models in the control system that continuously adapt the turbine’s operating parameters to the “as running” aero-thermal component performance characteristics. Accordingly, the most accurate means by which to correct the measured performance from test conditions to the guarantee conditions is by use of Model-Based Performance Corrections, in agreement with the current PTC-22 and ISO 2314, although not commonly used or accepted within the industry. The implementation of Model-based Corrections is presented for the Case Study of a GE 9FA gas turbine upgrade project, with an advanced model-based control system that accommodated a multitude of operating boundaries. Unique plant operating restrictions, coupled with its focus on partial load heat rate, presented a perfect scenario to employ Model-Based Performance Corrections.

Influence of Advancements in Gas Turbine Control Systems on Gas Turbine and Combined-Cycle Performance Test Correction Curves

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Schmitt ◽  
Christopher R. Banares ◽  
Benjamin D. Morlang ◽  
Matthew C. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Technical Accuracy

Many modern power plants feature gas turbines with advanced control systems that allow a greater level of performance enhancements, over a broader range of the combined-cycle plant’s operating environment, compared to conventional systems. Control system advancements tend to outpace a plant’s construction and commissioning timescale. Often, the control algorithms and settings in place at the final guarantee performance test will differ significantly from those envisioned during the contract agreement phase. As such, the gas turbine’s actual performance response to changes in boundary conditions, such as air temperature and air humidity, will be considerably different than the response illustrated on the initial correction curves. For the sake of technical accuracy, the performance correction curves should be updated to reflect the as-built, as-left behavior of the plant. By providing the most technically accurate curves, the needs of the new plant performance test are satisfied. Also, plant operators receive an accurate means to trend performance over time. The performance correction curves are intended to provide the most technically accurate assurance that the corrected test results are independent of boundary conditions that persist during the performance test. Therefore, after the gas turbine control algorithms and/or settings have been adjusted, the performance correction curves — whether specific to gas turbines or overall combined-cycle plants — should be updated to reflect any change in turbine response. This best practice maintains the highest level of technical accuracy. Failure to employ the available advanced gas turbine control system upgrades can limit the plant performance over the ambient operating regime. Failure to make a corresponding update to the correction curves can cause additional inaccuracy in the performance test’s corrected results. This paper presents a high-level discussion of GE’s recent gas turbine control system advancements, and emphasizes the need to update performance correction curves based on their impact.

Integrating a Hybrid Electric Drive Propulsion System With the Existing DDG 51 Class Machinery Control System

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Halpin ◽  
Frank Sapienza
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electric Drive ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Turbine Generators ◽  
Control Interface ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Electric Loads

The destroyers of the USS Arleigh Burke Class all have 4 propulsion gas turbines and 3 gas turbine generators (GTGs). A typical at-sea “condition 3” operating profile consists of having 2 gas turbine generators running at approximately 50% capacity, and one propulsion gas turbine online at low to intermediate ship speeds. Having 2 GTGs online at all times at 50% load each provides the obvious advantage of maintaining all electric loads should one GTG shut down unexpectedly. This luxury does come at the cost of fuel efficiency, as gas turbines efficiency improves continuously as they move away from idle. On the propulsion end, a single gas turbine is capable of generating enough horsepower to propel the ship at speeds in excess of 20 knots. Depending upon the specific mission that the destroyer may be on, however, quite a bit of operating profile may be at speeds below 15 knots where the LM2500 is operating at less than 20% capacity. In this range of operation specific fuel consumption ratios are also relatively low. The proposed Hybrid Electric Drive (HED) system has the potential to address both of these inefficient ranges of operation. By installing one 2000 horsepower electric motor on each shaft, the electric motors can be used to propel the ship at speeds below 14 knots (projected) while running the GTGs up to 90% operating range where they are most efficient. The LM2500 is shut down completely at this range, and the potential fuel savings in this configuration is substantial. While there are many engineering challenges with installing such a HED system on board an in-service DDG, the focus of this paper is on how to integrate HED with the existing Machinery Control System (MCS). Such challenges include interfacing MCS to the HED supervisory controller, developing a new HED control interface for the propulsion control operator, integrating HED into the existing shaft speed control algorithm, transitioning to and from HED propulsion, and updating data logging to include HED. Managing the interface between current electric load, changing electric loads, and current available HED power will also be addressed.

Replacement of I&C System for the Four Main Pumps in the Fuel Channels Cooling Circuit of “Maria” Polish Research Reactor

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Drobnik ◽  
Andrzej Głowacki
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Research Reactor ◽  
Digital System ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Cooling Circuit ◽  
Operational Tests ◽  
And Control ◽  
Made In

In this work the replacement of the I&C connected with the four main pumps in a Polish research reactor called “Maria” is discussed. In particular, this paper focuses on the aspect of the whole system of pump parameters measurements (temperature, vibrations, power) and pump control system. The whole architecture of the I&C system (including power supply, redundancy of electrical and control system) will be showed. During the I&C replacement some problems arose, such as the change in the pump control system from analog to digital system; the link existing in the reactor part of the measurement made in analogue to a digital system, as part of the measurements, which were carried out in an old control system; the code for the PLC controller program dedicated exclusively to the requirements of control systems pumps. All of these problems will be discussed here, together with the proposed solutions. Moreover, I&C functional and operational tests carried out after the placement of the pumps will be described, such as loss of power and failure of one PLC controller.

Gas Turbine Common Issues, Failure Investigations, Root Cause Analyses, and Preventative Actions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Garner ◽  
Zuhair Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
System Availability ◽  
Root Cause

Gas turbines are a type of internal combustion engine and are used in a wide range of services powering aircraft of all types, as well as driving mechanical equipment such as pumps, compressors in the petrochemical industry, and generators in the electric utility industry. Similar to the reciprocating internal combustion engine in an automobile, energy (mechanical or electrical) is generated by the burning of a hydrocarbon fuel (i.e., jet fuel, diesel or natural gas). The core of a gas turbine engine is comprised of three main sections: the compressor section, the combustor section, and the turbine section. To ensure that a gas turbine operates safely, reliably, and with optimum performance, all gas turbines are provided with a control system designed either by the OEM or according to the OEM’s specification. The OEM-provided control systems will typically include complex and integrated subsystems such as (but not limited to): a graphic user interface, an engine management system (EMS or ECS), a safety related system (SRS), and a package control system (PCS) that may interface with a facilities’ existing computerized control systems. Any failure of the mechanical systems, electro-mechanical systems, or logic based control systems of a gas turbine can result in forced outage. A forced outage of a gas turbine, whether in a mechanical service, such as pipelines, or in either a simple cycle or combined cycle power generation installation results in a reduction of system availability and therefore a loss in revenue. The significant capital investment in a gas turbine system necessitates a high degree of reliability and system availability while reducing forced outages. A power plant can minimize occurrences of forced outages and optimize recovery of capacity by effectively combining proactive and reactive solutions. This paper will discuss both proactive and reactive programs as well as their implementation in order to answer the key questions that often surround an outage: How is outage time minimized while increasing reliability and system availability? What went wrong and who or what is responsible? How soon can the unit or the plant get back online? And what operational or maintenance considerations are needed to prevent a similar recurrence. Proactive approaches to be discussed include process hazard analyses (PHA) such as hazard and operability studies (HAZOP), hazard identification (HAZID), layer-of-protection analyses (LOPA), what-if analyses, and quantitative risk assessments (QRA) in addition to failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA); and failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA). Reactive approaches to be discussed include various root cause analysis (RCA) and failure analysis (FA) techniques and methodologies such as fault-tree analysis. Case studies and some lessons learned will also be presented to illustrate the methods.

scholarly journals Fuel Control of Gas Turbines by Programmable Logic Controllers

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan A. King
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Programmable Logic Controller ◽  
Programmable Logic ◽  
Programmable Logic Controllers ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Logic Controllers

NOVA Corporation of Alberta has developed a programmable logic controller based gas turbine fuel control system for natural gas compressor set applications. The system carries out all necessary fuel control functions and was integrated into the existing programmable logic controller used for sequencing and shutdown. The system has been successfully implemented on several different aero derivative gas turbines to date. This paper discusses the development of the system, its performance and advantages over standalone hardware-based fuel control systems typically used in the application.

Gas Turbine Retrofit With Modern Control Systems

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. McMullen
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Maintenance Planning ◽  
Operator Interface ◽  
Modern Control

The rapid advances in technology of control systems precipitated by the development of microprocessors has made retrofit of older type controls an attractive alternative for many gas turbine owners. High reliability, enhanced operator interface, and optimized maintenance planning are some of the tangible benefits that can accrue from these retrofits. The design and features of the new equipment are discussed, and some of the complexities of changing out control systems and their associated instrumentation in field units are reviewed.

Supporting Windpower Within a Separate Electric Power Grid

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zygfryd Domachowski ◽  
Marek Dzida ◽  
M. Hossein Ghaemi
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Turbine Plant ◽  
Wind Turbulence ◽  
Gas Turbine Plant ◽  
Plant Control

Utilization of windpower is considerably increasing in many countries around of the world. However, it produces an unreliable output due to the vagaries of the wind profile. To solve the problem, wind energy should be supported by local conventional sources. The requirements concerning the reliability and quality of electric energy supply can be most satisfactorily fulfilled when a windfarm is connected to a large electric power system. Then any electric power fluctuations, resulting either from wind turbulence or power demand variation, provoke system frequency variations. They should be damped by applying an appropriate control system of such a large power system. In this paper, the problem of control of a separate electric power system composed of windpower farm and supported by a gas turbine plant or a combined cycle has been investigated. First, the impact of wind turbulence on gas turbine plant control system has been modeled and simulated. This is carried out for different amplitudes and frequencies of wind speed. Next, the structure of gas turbine plant control system and its parameters have been adapted to limit the power and frequency fluctuations resulting from wind turbulence. Then the design is further developed by considering a combined cycle instead of a single gas turbine.

Development of a PLC Based Controller for Marine Gas Turbine Generator

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrut Dilip Godbole ◽  
Ankush Gulati ◽  
Alok Bhagwat
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Marine Engineering

The advent of processor based controllers including the PLC has provided a low cost alternative for up gradation of control systems when faced with the challenges of maintenance and obsolescence. A project was undertaken at the Centre of Marine Engineering Technology of the Indian Navy to design, develop and test a PLC based controller for a Gas Turbine Generator as an alternative to the legacy relay logic based control system. The paper explains the methodology adopted towards the various stages of the development of the PLC based controller using Commercially-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) items. It also brings out the salient advantages offered as a result of this transformation.

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