scholarly journals Review of Liquid Piston Pumps and Their Operation With Solar Energy

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Straight Tube ◽  
Cyclic Heating ◽  
Suitable Arrangement ◽  
Liquid Piston ◽  
Inertia Forces

Liquid Piston Pumps are considered to be systems involving the up and down oscillations of a fluid column contained in a vessel which is enclosed at the top. At the bottom a suitable arrangement of check valves converts the oscillatory motion to a pumping action. The oscillations may be generated by cyclic heating, inertia forces, or combinations of the two. Existing designs of LPP’s are reviewed. Experimental results, and a theoretical analysis, are given for a straight tube L.P.P. The design of a Solar LPP is presented, which appears to be a practical and simple means of converting heat energy from a solar panel to potential energy of a water reservoir.

Hydro: Power From Running Water

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. McElroy
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
New England ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Directed Motion ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Running Water ◽  
The Earth

As discussed in Chapter 4 and illustrated in Figure 4.1, close to 50% of the solar energy intercepted by the Earth is absorbed at the surface. Approximately half of this energy, 78 W m– 2, is used to evaporate water, mainly from the ocean. What this means is that evaporation of water accounts for as much as a third of the total solar energy absorbed by the Earth (atmosphere plus surface). The atmosphere has a limited ability to retain this water. Evaporation is balanced in close to real time by precipitation. A portion of this precipitation reaches the surface in regions elevated with respect to sea level— in mountainous locations, for example. It is endowed in this case with what we refer to as potential energy (Chapter 4). This potential energy can be stored (in lakes or dams, for instance), or it can be released, converted to kinetic energy (directed motion) as the water flows downhill on its return to the ocean. And along the way, energy can be captured and channeled to perform useful work. An early application involved exploiting the power of running water to turn a flat stone, one of two that constituted the apparatus used to grind grain, the other remaining stationary during the grinding process. The Domesday Book records that by AD 1086 as many as 5,624 water mills were operational in England south of the River Trent, deployed not just to grind grain but for a multitude of other tasks, including, but not confined to, sawing wood, crushing ore, and pumping the bellows of industrial furnaces (Derry and Williams 1960). Later, running water would provide the motive force for the textile industry that marked the beginning of the industrial age in North America, specifically in New England (Steinberg 1991; McElroy 2010). The most important contemporary application of water power involves the generation of electricity, the bulk of which is obtained by tapping the potential energy stored in high- altitude dams, a lesser fraction from the kinetic energy supplied by free- flowing streams (what is referred to as run- of- the- river sources).

scholarly journals Double Pendulum Induced Stability

2015 ◽  
Vol 07 (06) ◽  
pp. 1550088
Author(s):  
Bezdenejnykh Nikolai ◽  
Andres Mateo Gabin ◽  
Raul Zazo Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Relative Equilibrium ◽  
Double Pendulum ◽  
Harmonic Vibrations ◽  
Hamilton Equations ◽  
High Frequency Harmonic ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Frequency Harmonic

In this work, a study of the relative equilibrium of a double pendulum whose point of suspension performs high frequency harmonic vibrations is presented. In order to determine the induced positions of equilibrium of the double pendulum at different gravity and vibration configurations, a set of experiments has been conducted. The theoretical analysis of the problem has been developed using Kapitsa’s method and numerical method. The method of Kapitsa allows to analyze the potential energy of a system in general and to find the values of the parameters of the problem that correspond to the relative extreme of energy — positions of stable or unstable equilibrium. The results of numerical and theoretical analysis of Hamilton equations are in good agreement with the results of the experiments.

scholarly journals Characteristics Study of Photovoltaic Thermal System with Emphasis on Energy Efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Chuah Yee Yong ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Hajibeigy ◽  
Chockalingam Aravind Vaithilingam ◽  
Rashmi Gangasa Walvekar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Thermal System ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Photovoltaic Thermal System ◽  
Lower Temperature

Solar energy is typically collected through photovoltaic (PV) to generate electricity or through thermal collectors as heat energy, they are generally utilised separately. This project is done with the purpose of integrating the two systems to improve the energy efficiency. The idea of this photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) setup design is to simultaneously cool the PV panel so it can operate at a lower temperature thus higher electrical efficiency and also store the thermal energy. The experimental data shows that the PVT setup increased the electrical efficiency of the standard PV setup from 1.64% to 2.15%. The integration of the thermal collector also allowed 37.25% of solar energy to be stored as thermal energy. The standard PV setup harnessed only 1.64% of the solar energy, whereas the PVT setup achieved 39.4%. Different flowrates were tested to determine its effects on the PVT setup’s electrical and thermal efficiency. The various flowrate does not significantly impact the electrical efficiency since it did not significantly impact the cooling of the panel. The various flowrates resulted in fluctuating thermal efficiencies, the relation between the two is inconclusive in this project.

Theoretical analysis of multi-energy generation in a solar energy system

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aslian ◽  
Tan Chin Joo Tan Chin Joo ◽  
Kok Keong Chong Kok Keong Chong ◽  
A. Toloei
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Energy System

scholarly journals A Review on the Fabrication of Polymer-Based Thermoelectric Materials and Fabrication Methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akmal Kamarudin ◽  
Shahrir Razey Sahamir ◽  
Robi Shankar Datta ◽  
Bui Duc Long ◽  
Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Thermoelectric Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Sectors

Thermoelectricity, by converting heat energy directly into useable electricity, offers a promising technology to convert heat from solar energy and to recover waste heat from industrial sectors and automobile exhausts. In recent years, most of the efforts have been done on improving the thermoelectric efficiency using different approaches, that is, nanostructuring, doping, molecular rattling, and nanocomposite formation. The applications of thermoelectric polymers at low temperatures, especially conducting polymers, have shown various advantages such as easy and low cost of fabrication, light weight, and flexibility. In this review, we will focus on exploring new types of polymers and the effects of different structures, concentrations, and molecular weight on thermoelectric properties. Various strategies to improve the performance of thermoelectric materials will be discussed. In addition, a discussion on the fabrication of thermoelectric devices, especially suited to polymers, will also be given. Finally, we provide the challenge and the future of thermoelectric polymers, especially thermoelectric hybrid model.

Steam Side Pressure Gradients in Surface Condensers

1972 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
G. Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Straight Tube ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Side Pressure ◽  
Flux Model ◽  
Porous Cylinders

The use of the Reynolds flux model for predicting static pressure gradients in the flow of a condensing fluid is explained. Experimental results for steam condensing in a horizontal straight tube are presented and compared with the theoretical analysis. Studies have been made of the flow patterns around porous cylinders with mass extraction at the surfaces. These studies help to explain the behaviour of saturated steam flowing over banks of cooled tubes in surface condensers. An aerodynamic analogue using porous cylinders has been used to examine the necessity of having access lanes in steam condensers.

Pengeringan Jagung Menggunakan Alat Pengering Efek Rumah Kaca dengan Sumber Energi Surya dan Biomassa Tongkol Jagung

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Palelingan Aman
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time

Drying process is one of important stage in handling of agricultural products. However, this process required much energy to remove moisture from the product. Because of that, it was needed a dryer to remove water from inside of products. A dryer with solar energy as a heat source combined with heat energy from corncob biomass was designed and used in corn dried. The dryer is usually known as green house effect-hybrid (GHE-hybrid). GHE-hybrid consists of absorber, product holder, fans to remove moisture from dried product, heat exchanger, stove and water tank. The heat source used in dryer comes from solar radiation and biomass burned in stove. The objective of this research was to evaluate performance of dryer use solar energy and corncob as heating sources. Results of this research showed that drying process of 1526 kg of corn with initial moisture content 25.7% wet basic until 16.7% wet basic needed drying time of 14 hours. The corncobs that were needed to remove the moisture was about 180 kg. The energy calculated in this drying process from corncob, diesel fuel, solar radiation which were about 3150 MJ or 62%, 1739.71MJ or 34%, 204.94 MJ or 4%, respectively. The research also found that the thermal eficiency of dryer was 28%, eficiency of drying heat was 59.62%, total eficiency was 11.23% and specific energy consumption was 31522,52 kJ/kg.

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