PROBABILISTIC FAULT DISPLACEMENT ANALYSIS FOR A PIPELINE SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 377-385
Author(s):  
Jonathan Brewer ◽  
Elizabeth Bowlin ◽  
Don West ◽  
Clayton Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Pipeline System ◽  
Displacement Analysis ◽  
Fault Displacement

Pipeline Design Method Against Large Displacement of Strike-Slip Fault

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keita Oda ◽  
Takahiro Ishihara ◽  
Masakatsu Miyajima
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Limit ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Relative Displacement ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Strike Slip Fault ◽  
Large Displacement ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Tensile Direction ◽  
Fault Displacement

This study proposes a method for designing a water pipeline system against fault displacement by incorporating earthquake resistant ductile iron pipes (ERDIPs). An ERDIP pipeline is capable of absorb the large ground displacements that occur during severe earthquakes by movement of its joint (expansion, contraction and deflection) and the use of the joint locking system. Existing ERDIP pipelines have been exposed to several severe earthquakes such as the 1995 Kobe Earthquake and the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, and there has been no documentation of their failure in the last 40 years. In the case of a pipeline that crosses a fault, there is the possibility of the occurrence of a local relative displacement between the pipeline and the ground. It is known that an ERDIP pipeline withstands a fault of axial compression direction by past our study. Hence, this present study was targeted at developing a method for designing an ERDIP pipeline that is capable of withstanding a strike-slip fault of axial tensile direction for a pipeline. This was done by FEM analysis wherein the ERDIPs and spring elements were used to model the soil and ERDIP joints. An ERDIP pipeline can accommodate a fault displacement of about 2 m by joint expansion/contraction and deflection, while maintaining the stress in the pipeline within the elastic limit. However, additional countermeasure is required when the fault displacement exceeds 2 m because such could stress the pipeline beyond the elastic limit. The use of large displacement absorption unit is an effective countermeasure for displacements exceeding 2 m. The expansion/contraction capacity of a unit is 10 times that of an ERDIP joint and it is able to absorb a locally-concentrated axial displacement of the pipeline. It was confirmed in the present study that an ERDIP pipeline with large displacement absorption unit, referred to as a large displacement absorption system, could accommodate fault displacement in excess of 2 m within the elastic stress range of the pipeline.

The Pipeline Design Method Against Large Fault Displacement

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keita Oda ◽  
Shozo Kishi ◽  
Masakatsu Miyajima
Keyword(s):  
Fault Location ◽  
Elastic Limit ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Shell Element ◽  
Large Displacement ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Fault Displacement ◽  
Pipeline Design

This study proposes “water pipeline system and design method with Earthquake Resistant Ductile Iron Pipe (ERDIP) against fault displacement”. ERDIP pipeline can absorb the large ground displacement at the event of big earthquakes by the joint movement (expansion, contraction and deflection) and the joint locking system. Though the ERDIP pipeline has many experiences of big earthquakes such as the 1995 Kobe Earthquake, the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, no documented failure has been reported for 40 years. In case of fault crossing pipeline, there is a possibility for relative displacement of several meters between the pipeline and ground, locally, to occur. This study examined the ERDIP pipeline design to withstand strike-slip fault by FEM analysis with shell element of 1500 mm ERDIP and spring elements which are modeling soil and ERDIP joint. ERDIP pipeline can accommodate about 2m fault displacement by the joint expansion/contraction and deflection, and keep the stress in the pipeline within elastic limit. The additional countermeasure should be required when the fault displacement is over 2m because the pipeline could be stressed beyond the elastic limit. As a countermeasure of over 2m displacement, it is effective to use “Large displacement absorption unit”, which can expand/contract 10 times compare to ERDIP joint and absorb the locally-concentrated axial displacement of pipeline. We confirmed that ERDIP pipeline with “Large displacement absorption unit”, which is named “Large displacement absorption system”, can accommodate more than 3m fault displacement within elastic range stress of the pipeline. We established the optimized layout of “Large displacement absorption unit”. We also established the design method using several “Large displacement absorption unit” when we can’t identify exact fault location, but the fault lies within the range of pipeline location.

Mechanical Behavior of Buried Steel Pipelines Crossing Strike-Slip Seismic Faults

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polynikis Vazouras ◽  
Spyros A. Karamanos ◽  
Panos Dakoulas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Fault Displacement

The present paper investigates the mechanical behaviour of buried steel pipelines, crossing active strike-slip tectonic faults. The fault plane is vertical and perpendicular to the pipeline axis. The interacting soil-pipeline system is modelled rigorously through finite elements, which account for large strains and displacements, nonlinear material behaviour and special conditions of contact and friction on the soil-pipe interface. Steel pipelines of various diameter-to-thickness ratios, and typical steel material for pipeline applications (API 5L grades X65 and X80) are considered. The paper investigates the effects of various soil and pipeline parameters on the mechanical response of the pipeline, with particular emphasis on pipe wall failure due to “local buckling” or “kinking” and pipe wall rupture. The effects of shear soil strength and stiffness, are also investigated. Furthermore, the influence of the presence of pipeline internal pressure on the mechanical response of the steel pipeline is examined. Numerical results aim at determining the fault displacement at which the pipeline failure occurs, and they are presented in a graphical form that shows the critical fault displacement, the corresponding critical strain versus the pipe diameter-to-thickness ratio. It is expected that the results of the present study can be used for efficient pipeline design in cases where active faults are expected to impose significant ground-induced deformation to the pipeline.

Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Performance in the 2002 Denali Fault, Alaska, Earthquake

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas G. Honegger ◽  
Douglas J. Nyman ◽  
Elden R. Johnson ◽  
Lloyd S. Cluff ◽  
Steve P. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Seismic Hazards ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Special Design ◽  
Earthquake Preparedness ◽  
Denali Fault ◽  
Fault Displacement ◽  
Major Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Crossing

The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System is one of the most significant engineering achievements of the 20thcentury and the first major pipeline system for which considerable attention was focused on the identification and quantification of potential seismic hazards and the implementation of design and operational features to address those hazards. One of these special design features included the concept for an above-ground supporting system for the pipeline crossing of the Denali fault. The 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake represents the first successful test of a structure specifically designed for fault displacement. The earthquake also demonstrated the benefits of the multi-tiered earthquake preparedness and response strategy in place at the time of the earthquake.

Additional methods to improve the energy efficiency of oil pipeline transportation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-565
Author(s):  
Marat R. Lukmanov ◽  
◽  
Sergey L. Semin ◽  
Pavel V. Fedorov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Pumping Equipment ◽  
Preparatory Work

The challenges of increasing the energy efficiency of the economy as a whole and of certain production sectors in particular are a priority both in our country and abroad. As part of the energy policy of the Russian Federation to reduce the specific energy intensity of enterprises in the oil transportation system, Transneft PJSC developed and implements the energy saving and energy efficiency improvement Program. The application of energy-saving technologies allowed the company to significantly reduce operating costs and emissions of harmful substances. At the same time, further reduction of energy costs is complicated for objective reasons. The objective of this article is to present additional methods to improve the energy efficiency of oil transportation by the example of the organizational structure of Transneft. Possibilities to reduce energy costs in the organization of the operating services, planning and execution of work to eliminate defects and preparatory work for the scheduled shutdown of the pipeline, the use of pumping equipment, including pumps with variable speed drive, the use of various pipelines layouts, changing the volume of oil entering the pipeline system and increase its viscosity.

Compressor Issues for Hydrogen Production and Transmission Through a Long Distance Pipeline Network

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Starr ◽  
Calin-Cristian Cormos ◽  
Evangelos Tzimas ◽  
Stathis Peteves
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Plant Exit

A hydrogen energy system will require the production of hydrogen from coal-based gasification plants and its transmission through long distance pipelines at 70 � 100 bar. To overcome some problems of current gasifiers, which are limited in pressure capability, two options are explored, in-plant compression of the syngas and compression of the hydrogen at the plant exit. It is shown that whereas in-plant compression using centrifugal machines is practical, this is not a solution when compressing hydrogen at the plant exit. This is because of the low molecular weight of the hydrogen. It is also shown that if centrifugal compressors are to be used in a pipeline system, pressure drops will need to be restricted as even an advanced two-stage centrifugal compressor will be limited to a pressure ratio of 1.2. High strength steels are suitable for the in-plant compressor, but aluminium alloy will be required for a hydrogen pipeline compressor.

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