Modification of a simplified hip joint simulator into an ISO 14242-1 compliant design and a comparison of wear test results

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Vesa O Saikko ◽  
Omar Morad ◽  
Raine Viitala
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Abduction Angle ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Hip Joint Simulator

Abstract The ISO 14242-1 standard for hip joint simulator wear testing specifies a set of test conditions for the simulation of normal level walking in optimal conditions. Since some of the established simulators, such as the 12-station HUT-4, are not ISO 14242-1 compliant, the present study was carried out to answer the following question. Does wear produced in ISO 14242-1 conditions differ from that obtained earlier with the simplified HUT-4 hip joint simulator for similar specimens in normal level walking, optimal conditions? The HUT-4 hip joint simulator was made ISO compliant by an implementation of a number of modifications. One of the modifications was the design and construction of a novel servo-electric load actuator with proven dynamic response. The other modifications were related to the Euler sequence of motions, acetabular abduction angle, enclosure of the lubricant chamber, and temperature control. A 5 million-cycle wear test with thin, large-diameter VEXLPE liners resulted in a wear rate close to that obtained earlier with the HUT-4. The burnished bearing surface in both tests was in agreement with clinical retrieval studies. It appeared that a more simple, inexpensive hip joint simulator can reproduce clinical wear mechanisms. However, the simulator must meet certain basic requirements, such as the correct type of multidirectional relative motion, for which biaxial motion is sufficient. The present study was not intended to show a similarity in wear produced by the ISO 14242-1 and HUT-4 wear test systems.

Dilution and C Content Estimation of Stellite 6 Fabricated on a 1050 Steel Substrate by Laser Cladding

2017 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Alain Kusmoko ◽  
Druce Dunne ◽  
Hui Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Stellite 6 ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
Stellite Coating

Stellite 6 was fabricated by laser cladding on a 1050 steel (MS) substrate with laser powers of 1 kW (MS-1) and 1.8 kW (MS-1.8). The chemical compositions and microstructures of the coatings were analysed by X-Ray Fluoroscense, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The microhardness of the coatings was examined and the wear mechanism of the coatings was evaluated using a ball-on-plate wear testing machine. The results indicated less cracking and pore development for Stellite 6 coatings applied to the 1050 steel substrate with the lower laser power (MS-1). Moreover, the Stellite coating for MS-1 was significantly harder than that obtained for MS-1.8. The wear test results showed that the weight loss for MS-1 was much lower than for MS-1.8. The evaluations of dilution and calculation of carbon content indicated that MS-1 has lower dilution and higher coating C content than MS-1.8. It is concluded that the lower hardness of the coating for MS-1.8, substantially reduced the wear resistance of the Stellite 6 coating and the lower hardness of the coating for MS-1.8 was due to higher level of dilution and lower coating C content. The coating-substrate couple must be considered in assessing the likely performance of the coating under service conditions.

scholarly journals Hip joint contact force in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) during normal level walking

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 770-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Goetz ◽  
Timothy R. Derrick ◽  
Douglas R. Pedersen ◽  
Duane A. Robinson ◽  
Michael G. Conzemius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Force ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Joint Contact Force ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Dromaius Novaehollandiae ◽  
Joint Contact ◽  
Hip Joint Contact Force

Simplified motion and loading compared to physiological motion and loading in a hip joint simulator

2000 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
S L Smith ◽  
A Unsworth
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Acetabular Cup ◽  
Single Plane ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Physiological Loading ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Physiological Motion ◽  
Hip Joint Simulator

Two wear tests were conducted using the Durham Hip Joint Wear Simulator to investigate the effects of simplified motion and loading on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular cup wear rates. Bovine serum was used as a lubricant and a gravimetric technique was used to measure wear. The first wear test duration was 7.1 × 106 cycles and investigated the effect of simplified loading. This was achieved by using full physiological motion and loading for the first 5 × 106 cycles of the test, then physiological motion with simplified loading for the final 2.1 × 106 cycles of the wear test. The UHMWPE acetabular cup wear rates using full physiological motion and loading were 32.2 and 51.7 mm3/106 cycles against zirconia and CoCrMo femoral heads respectively. Using simplified loading the cup wear rates were 30.1 and 49.2 mm3/106 cycles against zirconia and CoCrMo respectively which was not significantly different from wear rates with physiological loading. The effect of simplified motion was investigated in a second wear test of 5.0 × 106 cycles duration. Physiological loading was applied across the prosthesis with physiological motion in the flexion/extension plane only. Mean wear of the acetabular component dropped to 0.197 mm3/106 cycles. The surfaces of all the actabular cups were subject to gross examination, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. No notable difference was observed between the cups subjected to physiological motion and loading and those subjected to simplified loading. The cups worn with a single plane of motion had a much smaller worn area and a notable difference in surface features to the other cups. Simplifed loading is therefore an acceptable simplification in simulator testing but simplifying motion to the flexion/extension plane axis only is unacceptable.

A Comparative Study of the Tribological Behavior of Tin Powder Clad on the JIS SKD11 Tool Steel with the GTAW Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 966-967 ◽  
pp. 365-376
Author(s):  
Yu Chi Lin ◽  
Han Ming Chen ◽  
Yong Chwang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tool Steel ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Titanium Nitrides ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Gas Tungsten Arc ◽  
Better Than

This work focused on the wear performance of the clad layers which were formed with cladding titanium nitrides (TiN) powder on the JIS SKD11 tool steel by the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) method. A rotating type tribometer was used to evaluate the wear behavior of the clad specimens under different sliding conditions. Furthermore, a nanoindenter was used to measure the hardness and elastic modulus of the reinforcements. According to the wear test results, the wear performance of the specimens cladded with TiN powder was better than that of the JIS SKD11 tool steel specimens. During dry sliding wear test, the clad layers exhibited a strong wear resistance because they contained the hard TiN reinforcements. Therefore, the wear performance of the clad layers was substantially better than that of the SKD11 specimens under all the test conditions in this study. In addition, produced oxide films might influence the wear behavior of different specimens during the wear testing, and oxidation wear would even dominate the wear behavior of the clad layers under some conditions.

Laser Cladding of Stainless Steel Substrates with Stellite 6

2013 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 573-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Kusmoko ◽  
D. Dunne ◽  
H. Li ◽  
D. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Stellite 6 ◽  
Steel Substrates ◽  
Spectroscopy Optical

Stellite 6 coatings were produced using laser cladding of two different steel substrates (martensitic and austenitic stainless steels). The chemical composition and microstructure of these coatings were characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The microhardness of the coatings was measured and the wear mechanism of the coatings was examined using a pin-on-plate (reciprocating) wear testing machine. The results showed less cracking and pore development for Stellite 6 coatings applied to the martensitic stainless steel (SS) substrate. The wear test results showed that the weight loss for the coating on martensitic SS was significantly lower than for the austenitic SS substrate. It is concluded that the higher hardness of the coating on the martensitic SS, together with the harder and more rigid substrate increase the wear resistance of the Stellite 6 coating.

517 Influence of bulk temperature in wear test using hip joint simulator

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012.50 (0) ◽  
pp. 51701-51702
Author(s):  
Masashi ATARASHI ◽  
Gaku IWATA ◽  
Koichi OTSUKA ◽  
Hidehiko HIGAKI ◽  
Yoshitaka NAKANISHI
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Bulk Temperature ◽  
Hip Joint Simulator

A 12-Station Anatomic Hip Joint Simulator

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Saikko
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Frictional Heating ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Wear Factor ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Average Wear ◽  
Hip Joint Simulator

A novel 12-station hip joint simulator with an anatomic position of the prosthesis was designed and built. The motion of the simulator consists of flexion-extension and abduction-adduction. The load is of the double-peak type. The validation test was done with three similar 28 mm CoCr-polyethylene joints in diluted calf serum lubricant for 3.3 × 106 cycles. The bearing surfaces of the polyethylene cups were burnished, the CoCr heads were undamaged, the wear particles were in the 0.1-1 μm size range, and the mean wear factor of the polyethylene cups was 5.7 × 10−7 mm3/N m. These essential observations were in good agreement with clinical findings. In addition, three similar 50 mm CoCR/CoCr joints, representing the contemporary large-diameter metal-on-metal articulation were tested. The wear of the CoCr/CoCr joints was calculated from the Co and Cr concentrations of the used lubricant quantified with atomic absorption spectroscopy. The bearing surfaces of the CoCr/CoCr jonits showed mild criss-cross scratching only. The average wear factor of polyethylene cups was 275 times that of the CoCr/CoCr joints. The tribological behaviour of the large-dia. CoCr/CoCr appeared to be dominated by fluid film lubrication, as indicated by very low frictional heating and wear, making it tribologically superior to the conventional CoCr/polyethylene, and therefore very interesting clinically. In conclusion, the simulator proved to be a valid, reliable, practical, economical, and easy-to-operate tool for wear studies of various hip replacement designs.

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